Arterial and arteriolar disorders

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Arterial disease and peripheral ischaemic disorders

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Thromboangiitis obliterans

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Neurovascular disorders: erythromelalgia

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  • 47  Davis MDP, Sandroni P. Lidocaine pain patch for pain of erythromelalgia: follow up of 34 patients. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:1320. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Telangiectases

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Spider telangiectases

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  • 56  Foutch PG, Sulivan JA, Gaines JA, et al. Cutaneous vascular spiders and cirrhotic patients; correlation with haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83:7236. Pubmed link
  • 57  Higgins EM, du Vivier AWP. Alcohol and the skin. Alcohol 1992;27:595602.
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Cherry angiomas

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  • 62  Barter RH, Letterman GS, Schurter M. Hemangiomas in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963;87:625. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 65  Raymond LW, Williford LS, Burke WA. Eruptive cherry angiomas and irritant symptoms after one acute exposure to the glycol ether solvent 2‐butoxyethanol. J Occup Environ Med 1998;40:105964. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 66  Firooz A, Komeili A, Dowlati Y. Eruptive melanocytic and cherry angiomas secondary to exposure to sulfur mustard gas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:6467. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Angiokeratoma circumscriptum

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Venous lakes

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Angioma serpiginosum

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  • 77  Lombardi MP, Bulk S, Celli J, et al. Mutation update for the PORCN gene. Hum Mutat 2011;32(7):7238. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 78  Katta R, Wagner A. Angioma serpiginosum with extensive cutaneous involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:3845. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Generalized essential telangiectasia

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  • 83  Thieus KP, Haynes HA. Generalised essential telangiectasia with a predilection for surgical scar. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:71011. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 84  Ali MM, Teimory M, Sarhan M. Generalized essential telangiectasia with conjunctival involvement. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:7812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 85  Railan D, Parlette E, Uebelhoer N, Rohrer T. Laser treatment of vascular lesions. Derm Clin 2006;24:815. Cross Ref link

Hereditary benign telangiectasia

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  • 90  Watanebe M, Tomita, Y, Tagami H. Hereditary benign telangiectasia – a congenital type. Dermatologica 1990;181:1523. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Unilateral naevoid telangiectasia syndrome

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  • 96  Cliff S, Harland CC. Recurrence of unilateral naevoid telangiectatic syndrome following treatment with the pulsed dye laser. J Cutan Laser Ther 1999;1(2):1057. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Arteriovenous malformations

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Venous malformations

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  • 105  Limaye N, Wouters V, Uebelhoer M, et al. Somatic mutations in angiopoietin receptor gene TEK cause solitary and multiple sporadic venous malformations. Nat Genet 2009;41:11824. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome

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  • 109  Redondo P, Aguado L, Martinez‐Cuesta A. Diagnosis and management of extensive vascular malformations of the lower limb. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:893906. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Parkes‐Weber syndrome

  • 115  Redondo P, Aguado L, Martinez‐Cuesta A. Diagnosis and management of extensive vascular malformations of the lower limb. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:893906. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Venous disorders

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Physiology: the venous macrocirculation

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Deep‐vein thrombosis

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Superficial venous thrombosis

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Thrombophlebitis migrans

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Mondor disease

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  • 149  Alvarez‐Garrido H, Garrido‐Rios A, Sanz‐Muñoz C, et al. Mondor's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009;4:7536. Cross Ref link
  • 150  Salemis NS, Merkouris S, Kimpouri K. Mondor's diease of the breast. A retrospective review. Breast Dis 2011;33:1037. Pubmed link
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Varicose veins

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  • 156  Rabe E, Pannier‐Fischer F, Bromen K, et al. Bonner Venenstudie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie – epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Frage der Häufigkeit und Aussprägung von chronischen Venenkrankheiten in der städtischen und ländlichen Wohnbevölkerung. Phlebologie 2003;32:114.
  • 157  Eklof B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, et al. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vas Surg 2004;40(6);124852. Cross Ref link
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Chronic venous insufficiency

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  • 164  Rhodes JM, Gloviczki P, Canton LG, Rooke T, Lewis BD, Lindsey JR. Factors affecting clinical outcome following endoscopic perforator vein ablation. Am J Surg 1998;176:1627. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 165  Jünger M, Hahn M, Klyscz T, Sterus A. Role of microangiopathy in the development of venous leg ulcers. Prog Appl Microcirc 1999;23:1803. Cross Ref link
  • 166  Bergan JJ, Schmid‐Schönbein GW, et al. Chronic venous disease. N Engl J Med 2006;355(5):488. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 168  Burnand KG, Whimster I, Naidoo A, et al. Pericapillary fibrin in the ulcer bearing skin of the leg the cause of lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulceration. BMJ 1982;285:10717. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 170  Kiev J, Noyes LD, Rice JC, Kerstein MD. Patient compliance with fitted compression hosiery monitored by photoplethysmography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71:3769. Pubmed link
  • 171  Erickson CA, Lanza DJ, Karp DL, et al. Healing of venous ulcers in an ambulatory care program: the roles of chronic venous insufficiency and patient compliance. J Vasc Surg 1995;22:62936. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 172  Cullum N, Nelson EA, Fletcher AW, Sheldon TA. Compression bandages and stockings for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000265. Pubmed link
  • 173  NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Varicose veins in the legs (CG168), Nice guidelines (July 2013) https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg168 (last accessed April 2015).