Part 10, Reference for Chapter 108: Dermatoses of the External Ear
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Microbiology and cerum wax
- 1 Anatomy, histology and physiology. In: Lucente FE, Lawson W, Novick NL, eds. The External Ear. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995:1–17. .
- 2 The external auditory canal: anatomy and physiology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1996;29:725–9. Pubmed link , .
- 3 Histology and cytochemistry of human skin. XXXII. The external ear. Arch Dermatol 1969;99:757–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 4 Pain in the ear: with special reference to referred pain. J Laryngol Otol 1980;94:1433–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 5 Epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane. J Laryngol Otol 1964;78:808–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 6 Microbiology of normal external auditory canal. Laryngoscope 2001;111:2054–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 7 Physiology, pathophysiology, and anthropology/ epidemiology of human ear canal secretions. J Am Acad Audiol 1997;8:391–400. Pubmed link , .
- 8 Cerumen composition by flash pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Otol Neurotol 2001;22:715–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 9 Human ceruminous gland: ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of antimicrobial and cytoskeletal components. Anat Rec 2006;288:877–84. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 10 Human antimicrobial proteins in ear wax. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30:997–1004. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 11 Excessive cerumen production due to the aromatic retinoid Tigason in a patient with Darier's disease. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1981;62:267–8. .
- 12 Cerumen removal: current challenges. Ear Nose Throat J 1998;77:541–8. Pubmed link .
- 13 Clin Evid 2005;14:650–8. Pubmed link . .
- 14 The safety and effectiveness of different methods of earwax removal: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2010;14:1–192. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 15 Prevention of cerumen impaction by treatment of ear canal skin. A pilot randomized controlled study. Clin Otolaryngol 2005;30:112–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 16 Techniques of examination. In: Lucente FE, Lawson W, Novick NL, eds. The External Ear. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995:18–24. .
Developmental defects
- 17 Development of the middle and external ear in man. Proc R Soc Med 1977;70:807–15. Pubmed link .
- 18 Examination of the external ear. Adv Neonatal Care 2002;2:72–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 19 Congenital aural malformations: diagnosis and treatment. Symposium on Congenital Disorders in Otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1981;14:95–124. Pubmed link .
- 20 The etiology of external ear malformations and its relation to abnormalities of the middle ear, inner ear, and other organ systems. Birth Defects 1980;16:303–31. Pubmed link .
- 21 External ear malformations; epidemiology, genetics and natural history. Birth Defects 1979;15:1–139. , .
- 22 Congenital anomalies of the external and middle ears. In: Bluestone CD, Stool SE, Kenna MA, eds. Pediatric Otolaryngology, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996:333–70. , , .
- 23 Pinna anomalies associated with congenital conductive hearing loss. Pediatrics 1976;57:332–41. Pubmed link .
- 24 Syndromic ear anomalies and renal ultrasounds. Pediatrics 2001;108: E32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 25 External ear malformations: epidemiology, genetics and natural history. Birth Defects 1979;15:1–139. , .
- 26 Microtia and congenital aural atresia. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2007;40:61–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 27 Microtia: epidemiology and genetics. Am J Med Genet A 2012;158A: 124–39. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 28 Congenital atresia of the ear. Laryngoscope 1978;88 (Suppl. 13): 1–48. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 29 Clinical analysis of 592 patients with microtia. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1996;525:18–24. , , , .
- 30 Microtia grade as an indicator of middle ear development in aural atresia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;121:885–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 31 Microtia: clinical observations. Birth Defects 1980;16:289–97. Pubmed link .
- 32 Familial microtia in four generations with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance in association with type I syndactyly. Turkish J Pediatr 2001;43:362–5. , , .
- 33 Laterality patterns in infants with external birth defects. Teratology 1999;60:265–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 34 Effect of the fragile X anomaly on body proportions estimated by pedigree analysis. Clin Genet 1993;44:82–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 35 Microtia associated with the Kabuki (Niikawa–Kuraki) syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125:557–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 36 Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Report of an affected family with associated splenomegaly and soft tissue abnormalities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1964;17:339–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 37 Clinical and genetic study of two patients with Zimmermann‐Laband syndrome and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2013;56:570–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 38 Hereditary hearing loss and ear dysplasia–renal adysplasia syndromes: syndrome delineation and possible pathogenesis. Birth Defects 1980;16:59–72. Pubmed link .
- 39 Accessory tragus: report of two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2000;17:391–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 40 The preauricular sinus: a review of its clinical presentation, treatment, and associations. Pediatr Dermatol 2004;21:191–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 41 Protruding auricle: a neuromuscular sign. Lancet 1978;i:747–9. Cross Ref link , .
- 42 Lumpy scalp syndrome. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:657–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 43 An hereditary syndrome of lumpy scalp, odd ears and rudimentary nipples. Br J Dermatol 1978;99:423–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 44 Hypertrichosis of the pinnae of the human ear, Y‐linked pedigrees. J Genet 1961;51:230–43. .
- 45 Genetics of hairy ears in South Indians. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:192–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 46 Hairy pinnae in Malta. Lancet 1962;ii:357. , .
- 47 Intra‐uterine growth in infants of diabetic mothers. S Afr Med J 1980;58:441–3. Pubmed link , , .
- 48 Hypertrichosis pinnae in babies of diabetic mothers. Pediatrics 1981;68:745–6. Pubmed link .
- 49 Acquired hairy pinnae in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:513. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 50 Clinical and radiological evaluation in children with microtia. Br J Audiol 1999;33:303–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Ageing changes
- 51 Human ears grow throughout the entire lifetime according to complicated and dimorphic patterns—conclusions from a cross‐sectional analysis. Anthropol Anz 2007;65:391–413. Pubmed link , , .
- 52 Why do old men have big ears? BMJ 1996;312:586. Cross Ref link , .
- 53 Why do old men have big ears? BMJ 1996;311:1668. Cross Ref link .
- 54 Correlation of ear length with age in Japan. BMJ 1996;312:582. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 55 Circaseptennial rhythm in ear growth. BMJ 1996;313:1597–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 56 Aural sign of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1973;289:327–8. Pubmed link .
- 57 Earlobe crease and coronary artery disease: 1000 patients and review of the literature. Am J Med 1983;75:1024–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 58 Diagonal earlobe creases and fatal cardiovascular disease: a necropsy study. Br Heart J 1989;61:361–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 59 Diagonal earlobe creases and atheromatous disease: a post mortem study. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1992;26:274–7. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 60 The earlobe crease, coronary artery disease, and sudden cardiac death: an autopsy study of 520 individuals. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2006;27:129–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 61 Diagonal earlobe creases as a marker of the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1417–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 62 Earlobe creases, congenital and acquired. N Engl J Med 1979;301:111. Pubmed link .
- 63 The earlobe crease sign of obesity in middle‐aged Japanese men. Hawaii Med J 1977;36:74–7. Pubmed link , , , .
- 64 Earlobe crease in American Indians. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:512. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 65 Diagonal earlobe creases. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1992;26:460. Pubmed link .
- 66 Diagonal earlobe creases: an association with primary open angle glaucoma. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1992;26:459–60. Pubmed link .
Traumatic conditions
Contusion and haematoma
- 67 Otolaryngolic manifestations of child abuse. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1990;20:7–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 68 Auricular injury as a presentation of child abuse. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:634–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 69 Tin ear syndrome: rotational acceleration in pediatric head injuries. Pediatrics 1987;80:618–22. Pubmed link , , .
- 70 The care and management of acute haematoma of the external ear. Laryngoscope 1980;90:881–5. Pubmed link .
- 71 Initial management of auricular trauma. Am Fam Physician 1996;53:2339–44. Pubmed link , .
- 72 A technique to treat wrestler's auricular hematoma without interrupting training or competition. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:202–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 73 Treatment of auricular haematoma by suction drainage. Clin Otolaryngol 1984;9:355–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 74 Reconstructive surgery of the external ear. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1981;14:917–38. Pubmed link , .
Ear piercing
- 75 Are tattooing and body piercing indicators of risk‐taking behaviours among high school students? J Adolesc 2006;29:379–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 76 Tattoos and body piercings in the United States: a national data set. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:413–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 77 Piercing among adolescents. Body art as risk marker: a population‐based survey. J Fam Pract 2007;56:126–30. Pubmed link , , , .
- 78 Medical problems of ear piercing. N Y State J Med 1975;75:1460–2. Pubmed link , .
- 79 Comparison between cartilage and soft tissue ear piercing complications. Am J Otol 1998;19:305–10. Cross Ref link , .
- 80 Hazards of ear‐piercing procedures which traverse cartilage: a report of Pseudomonas perichondritis and review of other complications. Br J Clin Pract 1990;44:512–13. Pubmed link , .
- 81 ‘High’ ear piercing and the rising incidence of perichondritis of the pinna. BMJ 2001;322:906–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 82 Acute Pseudomonas chondritis as a sequel to ear piercing. Ann Plast Surg 1990;24:279–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 83 The risks of ear piercing in children. Scott Med J 2001;46:9–10. Pubmed link .
- 84 Auricular chondritis secondary to acupuncture. N Engl J Med 1975;293:780. Pubmed link , .
- 85 Auricular perichondritis secondary to acupuncture. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:770–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 86 Life‐threatening staphylococcal disease following ear piercing. Pediatrics 1970;46:301–3. Pubmed link , .
- 87 Infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve caused by Staphylococcus aureus after ear piercing. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39:266–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 88 Chondritis attributable to Lactobacillus after ear piercing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2000;37:75–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 89 Pyogenic spondylitis as a complication of ear piercing: differentiating between spondylitis and discitis. Acta Orthop Belg 2007;73:128–32. Pubmed link , , .
- 90 Primary tuberculosis inoculation of an earlobe: report of an unusual case and review of the literature. J Pediatr 1952;40:482–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 91 Hepatitis from ear piercing. JAMA 1969;207:2285. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 92 Viral hepatitis in young women after ear piercing. MMWR 1973;22:390–5. , , .
- 93 Ear piercing problems. BMJ 1977;2:574–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 94 Complication and correction of the pierced ear. J Otolaryngol 1976;5:247–50. Pubmed link .
- 95 Treatment of traumatic earlobe clefts. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1993;17:253–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 96 Ear piercing: a cause of nickel allergy in school girls? Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:289–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 97 Nickel release from ear‐piercing kits and earrings. Contact Dermatitis 1984;10:39–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 98 Role of ear piercing in metal allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:233–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 99 Allergic contact dermatitis due to gold earrings. Cutis 1990;39:473–5. .
- 100 Allergic contact dermatitis caused by olive wood jewelry. Arch Dermatol 1981;17:732–4. Cross Ref link , .
- 101 Copper: a rare sensitizer. Contact Dermatitis 1983;9:134–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 102 Relationship between cobalt and nickel sensitization in females. Contact Dermatitis 1980;3:337–40. Cross Ref link .
- 103 Interrelationship of nickel and cobalt contact sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:148–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 104 The dichromate problem. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:215–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
- 105 Decrease in nickel sensitization in a Danish schoolgirl population with ears pierced after implementation of a nickel‐exposure regulation. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:636–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 106 Metallic gold: the cause of a persistent allergic ‘dermal’ contact dermatitis. Cutis 1974;14:177–80. .
- 107 Intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in dermal infiltrating cells of granulomatous contact dermatitis due to gold earrings. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1988;68:261–4. , .
- 108 Lymphadenoid structure induced by gold hypersensitivity. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:608–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 109 Benign lymphoplasia of the earlobes induced by gold earrings: immunohistologic study on the cellular infiltrates. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:83–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 110 Pseudolymphoma of the earlobes due to ear piercing. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1989;15:666–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 111 Allergic contact granuloma due to palladium following ear piercing. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:338–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 112 Granulomatous reaction to titanium alloy: an unusual reaction to ear piercing. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:716–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 113 Copper‐induced cutaneous sarcoidosis. Australas J Dermatol 2005;46:38–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 114 Sarcoidal tissue reaction: another complication of ear piercing. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:199–200. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 115 Embedded earrings: a complication of the ear‐piercing gun. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1990;19:73–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 116 Vanishing earrings. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:606–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 117 Embedded foreign bodies presenting as earlobe keloids. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1984;10:902–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 118 Complications and corrections of the pierced ear. J Otolaryngol 1976;5:247–50. Pubmed link .
- 119 Relationship between age of ear piercing and keloid formation. Pediatrics 2005;115:1312–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 120 Why more keloids on back than front of earlobe? Lancet 1990;335:335–6. Cross Ref link .
- 121 The role of pressure therapy in the management of earlobe keloids: a preliminary report of a controlled study. Ann Plast Surg 1978;1:579–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 122 A surgical approach for earlobe keloid: keloid fillet flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;113:1668–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 123 A technique for auricular keloid core excision using a skin biopsy punch. Aesthet Plast Surg 2012;36:628–30. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 124 Keloids and hypertrophic scars: results with intra‐operative and serial post‐operative corticosteroid injection therapy. Aust N Z J Surg 1999;69:655–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 125 Ear lobe keloids, surgical excision followed by radiation therapy: a 10‐year experience. Ear Nose Throat J 1994;73:779–81. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 126 Combination of different techniques for the treatment of earlobe keloids. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2002;26:184–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 127 Combined therapy in the treatment of auricular keloids. Ear Nose Throat J 2006;85:93–4, 96–7. Pubmed link , .
- 128 Zimmer splintage: a simple effective treatment for keloids following ear‐piercing. Br J Plast Surg 2001;54:509–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 129 Localised argyria caused by silver earrings. Dermatologica 1988;177:189–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 130 An unusual case of acquired localised argyria. Br J Dermatol 1990;123:403–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 131 Another hazard of pierced ears. BMJ 1979;1:125. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 132 Severe relapsing polychondritis occurring after ear piercing. J Rheumatol 2003;30:2716–17. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 133 Complications of ear piercing: treatment and prevention. Cutis 1991;48:386–94. Pubmed link .
- 134 A simple technique for ear piercing. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:795–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 135 Ear piercing for individuals with metal hypersensitivity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125:93–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Chondrodermatitis nodularis
- 136 Pediatric chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis. J Craniofac Surg 2007;18:228–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 137 Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis as a marker of internal syndromes associated with microvascular injury. J Cutan Pathol 2005;32:329–333. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , and .
- 138 Advances in the understanding of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helices: the perichondrial vasculitis theory. Clin Otolaryngol 2009;34:147–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 139 Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis occurring with systemic sclerosis: an under‐reported association? Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:219–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 140 Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis in childhood dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:363–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 141 Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis: a transepidermal perforating disorder. J Cutan Pathol 1980;7:70–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 142 Neural hyperplasia in chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:844–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 143 Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronic helicis in monozygotic twins. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008;34:358–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 144 Weathering nodules of the ear: a clinicopathological study. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:550–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 145 Management of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronic helicis using a ‘doughnut pillow’. J Laryngol Otol 2007;121:1096–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 146 Effective treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis using a conservative approach. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:892–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 147 Self‐adhering foam: a simple method for pressure relief during sleep in patients with chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis. Dermatol Surg 2013;39:317–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 148 Intralesional triamcinolone for chondrodermatitis nodularis: a follow‐up study of 60 patients. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:712–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 149 Topical nitroglycerin: a promising treatment option for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:531–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 150 The treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis with cartilage removal alone. Arch Dermatol 1991;127:530–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 151 The long‐term results of cartilage removal alone for the treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:703–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 152 Treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis with removal of the underlying cartilage alone: retrospective analysis of experience in 37 lesions. J Laryngol Otol 2002;116:677–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 153 Simplified surgical treatment of chondropdermatitis nodularis by cartilage trimming and sutureless skin closure. Br J Dermatol 2009;160:116–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 154 The punch and graft technique: a novel method of surgical treatment for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:744–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 155 Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronic helicis excision and reconstruction. J Laryngol Otol 2013;127:63–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 156 Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis successfully treated with photodynamic therapy. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:1080–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 157 Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronic helicis and photodynamic therapy: a new therapeutic option? Dermatol Ther 2011;24:144–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 158 Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis: successful treatment with the carbon dioxide laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1991;17:862–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Pseudocyst of the ear
- 159 Pseudocyst of the auricle: a review of 21 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;94:360–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 160 Bilateral pseudocyst of the auricle in an infant girl. Pediatr Dermatol 1995;12:152–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 161 Pseudocyst of the auricle in Chinese. Arch Otolaryngol 1996;83:29–34. .
- 162 Enchondral pseudocyst of the auricle in Chinese. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;110:792–6. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 163 Pseudocyst of the auricle associated with trauma. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:528–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 164 Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in auricular pseudocyst fluid. J Laryngol Otol 2013;127:499–82. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 165 Cytokine profile of bilateral pseudocyst of the auricle. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1995;76:92–3. , , .
- 166 Pseudocyst of the auricle. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:58–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 167 Cystic chondromalacia (endochondral pseudocyst) of the auricle. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986;110:740–3. Pubmed link , .
- 168 Treatment of auricular pseudocyst with aspiration and local pressure. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006;59:1450–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 169 Clinical characteristics and comparative study of different modalities of treatment of pseudocyst pinna. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269:1747–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 170 Steroid injection therapy for pseudocyst of the auricle. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1994;74:140–2. , , , .
- 171 Recurrent auricular pseudocyst: a new treatment recommendation with curettage and fibrin glue. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:1080–3. Pubmed link , , .
- 172 Treatment of recurrent auricle pseudocyst with intralesional injection of minocycline: a report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:554–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Manifestation of skin disease and systemic disease in the ear
- 173 Auricular calcification. Int J Dermatol 1978;17:799–801. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 174 Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the auricular concha. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:19–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 175 Primary amyloidosis of the concha (letter). J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:524–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 176 Papules in the auricular concha: lichen amyloidosus in a case of biphasic amyloidosis. Dermatologica 1990;181:149–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 177 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. A clinicopathologic study of 116 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:781–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 178 Infra‐auricular fissures in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1994;74:129–31. , , , .
- 179 Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica: a new cutaneous marker of malignancy. Br J Dermatol 1980;102:301–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 180 External ear involvement in epidermolysis bullosa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:618. Pubmed link , , , .
- 181 Solitary congenital nodular calcification of Winer located on the ear: report of two cases. Pediatr Dermatol 1989;6:191–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 182 Metastatic Crohn's disease. Br J Dermatol 1976;95:551–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 183 Acquired cutis laxa confined to the face. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:504–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 184 Darier's disease of the external ear. J Laryngol Otol 1992;106:725–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 185 Purpura of the ears: a distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long‐term treatment with levamisole in children. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:948–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 186 Severe hypertrichosis of the external ear canal during minoxidil therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:918–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 187 Hypertrophied retroauricular folds attributable to diphenylhydantoin therapy. Cutis 1982;30:207–9. Pubmed link , .
- 188 Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa of the ears. Cutis 1982;29:441–4. Pubmed link .
- 189 Elephantiasis of external ears: a rare manifestation of pediculosis capitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1983;63:363–5. , .
- 190 Granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:217–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 191 Granuloma faciale: report on a case. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1957;37:473–82. .
- 192 Evaluation of the earlobe in leprosy. A clinical and histopathological study. Arch Dermatol 1969;100:407–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 193 A 10‐year review of otic lichen planus: the Mayo Clinic experience. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:1082–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 194 Systemic B‐cell lymphoma presenting as an isolated lesion on the ear. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:166–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 195 Mudi‐chood disease. Dermatol Online J 1999;5:5. Pubmed link
- 196 Otolaryngologic manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;101:402–3. Pubmed link , .
- 197 Sarcoidosis of the ear. Ear Nose Throat J 1981;60:307–8. Pubmed link .
- 198 Verruciform xanthoma of the ear with coexisting epidermal dysplasia. Am J Dermatopathol 1992;14:426–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 199 Weathering nodules of the ear: a clinicopathological study. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:550–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 200 Ear disease in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Laryngoscope 1982;92:713–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 201 Adult onset xanthogranuloma appearing symmetrically on the ear lobes. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:372–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Infection
Otitis externa
- 202 Infections of the external ear. Am J Otolaryngol 1992;13:145–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 203 Otitis externa: Review and clinical update. Am Fam Physician 2006;74:1510–16. Pubmed link , .
- 204 Otitis externa in UK general practice: a survey using the UK General Practice Research Database. Br J Gen Pract 2001;51:533–8. Pubmed link , , , , .
- 205 Microbiology of acute otitis externa. Laryngoscope 2002;112:1166–77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 206 Otitis externa in New Guinea. Med J Aust 1944;2:228;228–31. .
- 207 Martinez External auditory canal pH in chronic otitis externa. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2003;28:320–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 208 Inflammatory proteases in chronic otitis externa. Laryngoscope 2005;115:651–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 209 Are ABH antigenic determinants on human outer ear canal epithelium responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections? Otorhinolaryngology 1995;57:148–52. , , , et al.
- 210 Comparative analysis between Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotypes and severity of symptoms in patients with unilateral or bilateral otitis externa. Curr Microbiol 2001;42:190–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 211 A worrying development in the microbiology of otitis externa. Clin Otolaryngol 2001;26:218–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 212 An epidemiological assessment of water quality and ‘swimmers’ ear'. Arch Environ Health 1982;37:300–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 213 Otitis externa associated with aquatic activities (swimmer's ear). Clin Dermatol 1987;5:103–11. Cross Ref link , .
- 214 Fresh water swimming as a risk factor for otitis externa: a case–control study. Arch Environ Health 1985;40:202–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 215 What causes acute otitis externa? J Laryngol Otol 1993;107:898–901. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 216 Clinical and microbiological features of otitis externa. J Otolaryngol 1984;13:289–95. Pubmed link , , .
- 217 19 Otitis externa: management of the recalcitrant case. Am J Otol 1994;15:408–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 218 Allergic otitis externa. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2002;27:233–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 219 The relevance of positive patch test reactions in chronic otitis externa. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:354–5. Pubmed link , , .
- 220 Changing patterns of contact allergy in chronic inflammatory ear disease. Contact Dermatitis 2004;50:83–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 221 Allergic contact otitis externa due to iodoform in BIPP cavity dressings. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:360. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 222 Allergies to ear moulds. A study of reactions encountered by hearing aid users to some ear mould materials. Br J Audiol 1987;21:145. Cross Ref link .
- 223 Bullous myringitis with sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1979:87:66070. , .
- 224 Granular myringitis: a review. J Otolaryngol 1992;21:129–35. Pubmed link , , .
- 225 Granular myringitis: incidence and clinical characteristics. Otol Neurotol 2006;27:1094–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 226 Elephantiasis nostra verrucosa of the ears. Cutis 1982;29:441–4. Pubmed link .
- 227 Surgical management of benign necrotizing otitis externa. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108:101–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 228 , . Otitis externa. Clin Evid (Online) 2010 Aug 3;0510 PMC3217807.
- 229 Interventions for acute otitis externa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD004740. Pubmed link , , .
- 230 Assessment and management of chronic otitis externa. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;19:341–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 231 Extracts from The Cochrane Library: interventions for acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;143:8–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 232 Systematic review of topical antimicrobial therapy for acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;134(4 Suppl):S24–48. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 233 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;134(4 Suppl.):S4–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 234 Topical tacrolimus treatment for chronic dermatitis of the ear. Eur J Dermatol 2007;17:405–11. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 235 Conchomeatoplasty for chronic otitis externa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:395–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 236 Chronic external otitis. Ear Nose Throat J 2001;80 (6 Suppl.): 12–16. Pubmed link .
- 237 Management of stenosis and acquired atresia of the external auditory meatus. J Laryngol Otol 2006;120:266–71. Pubmed link , .
Necrotizing otitis externa
- 238 Malignant external otitis in infants. Laryngoscope 1980;90:312–16. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 239 Malignant external otitis in children. J Pediatr 1988;113:965–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 240 Characteristics of cerumen in diabetic patients: a key to understanding malignant external otitis? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;109:676–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 241 The effect of diabetes mellitus on chemotactic and bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1987;4:27–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 242 Immune dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1999;26:259–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 243 Histopathology of the soft parts in 50 patients with malignant external otitis. J Laryngol Otol 1989;103:366–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 244 Malignant external otitis: early histopathologic changes and pathogenic mechanism. Laryngoscope 1981;91:965–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 245 Erosive external otitis: a novel distinct clinical entity of the external auditory canal in nonimmunosuppressed individuals. Otol Neurotol 2010;31:1409–11. Pubmed link , , .
- 246 Benign necrotizing otitis externa. Ear Nose Throat J 2009;88:E18. Pubmed link , .
- 247 Bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal. J Laryngol Otol 2013;127(Suppl. 2):S51–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 248 Outcomes of malignant external otitis: survival vs mortality. Acta Otolaryngol 2010;130:89–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 249 Necrotizing external otitis: a report of 46 cases. Otol Neurotol 2007;28:771–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 250 Malignant otitis externa. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2008;41:537–49. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 251 Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography in malignant otitis externa. Laryngoscope 1986;96:542–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 252 Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis: prospective comparison of CT and MR imaging in diagnosis and follow‐up. Radiology 1995;196:499–504. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 253 Radiological and radionuclide investigation of malignant otitis externa. J Laryngol Otol 2005;119:71–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 254 Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for malignant otitis externa: lesion not shown on planar image. Am J Otolaryngol 2013;34:169–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 255 Efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin plus rifampin for treatment of malignant external otitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:1063–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 256 Necrotizing otitis externa: a systematic review. Otol Neurotol 2013;34:620–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 257 Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for malignant otitis externa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(5):CD004617. Pubmed link , .
Otomycosis
- 258 Otomycosis: clinical features and treatment implications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;135:787–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 259 Fungal infections of the external ear. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1993;26:995–1006. Pubmed link .
- 260 Otomycosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: comparative study and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J 2012;91:114–21. Pubmed link , , .
- 261 Fungi isolated from chronic external ear disorders. Mykosen 1985;28:234–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 262 Otomycosis: a clinical entity—clinical and experimental study. J Laryngol Otol 1988;81:999–1173. Cross Ref link , , .
- 263 Otomycosis. Ear Nose Throat J 1988;67:804–10. Pubmed link , .
- 264 Otomycosis: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Dermatol 2010;28:202–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Tumours of the auricle and external auditory canal
Glandular tumours
- 265 Tumors of the ceruminous glands. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:841–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 266 Avoiding misdiagnosis in ceruminous gland tumours. Auris Nasus Larynx 2003;30:287–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 267 Ceruminous adenomas: a clinicopathologic study of 41 cases with a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:308–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 268 Ceruminoma in association with other sweat gland tumours. J Laryngol Otol 1981;95:415–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 269 Primary tumours of the external and middle ear: benign and malignant glandular neoplasms. Arch Otolaryngol 1980;106:13–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 270 Hidradenoma papilliferum of the external auditory canal. J Laryngol Otol 1981;95:843–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 271 Extramammary Paget's disease of the external ear. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:914–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 272 Ceruminous gland tumours: a reappraisal. J Laryngol Otol 1992;106:727–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Squamous cell carcinoma of the auricle (pinna)
- 273 Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna: a 6‐year study. Br J Plastic Surg 1994;47:81–5. Cross Ref link , .
- 274 Squamous carcinoma of the skin (excluding lip and oral mucosa). J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:467–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 275 Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna. J Laryngol Otol 2001;115:85–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 276 Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis and survival rates in squamous carcinoma of the skin, ear and lip. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:976–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 277 High‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results from 266 treated patients with metastatic lymph node disease. Cancer 2006;106:2389–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 278 Special concern about squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp in organ transplant recipients. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:755–8. Pubmed link , .
- 279 A population‐based study of skin cancer incidence and prevalence in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:498–504. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 280 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: a study of the Swedish cohort with regard to tumor site. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:447–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 281 Five‐year results of curettage‐cryosurgery for 100 consecutive auricular non‐melanoma skin cancers. J Laryngol Otol 2002;116:893–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 282 Reconstruction of skin cancer defects of the auricle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:1457–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 283 Carcinoma of the external ear. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1976;10:147–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 284 Auricular wedge resection and reconstruction. Ear Nose Throat J 1989;68:673–4, 677–9, 683. Pubmed link .
- 285 Cancer of the peri‐auricular region. Dermatol Clin 1989;7:781–95. Pubmed link , , , .
- 286 Micrographic surgery for the microscopically controlled excision of carcinoma of the external ear. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;19:729–37. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 287 Regional spread of auricular and peri‐auricular cutaneous malignancies. Laryngoscope 1996;106:998–1001. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 288 Local control of auricular, peri‐auricular, and external canal malignancies with Mohs' surgery. Laryngoscope 1990;100:1047–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 289 Reconstruction of the ear after tumor excision. Clin Plast Surg 1990;17:405–15. Pubmed link .
- 290 The staged retroauricular to auricular direct pedicle (interpolation) flap for helical ear reconstruction. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:975–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 291 Reconstruction of defects involving the upper one‐third of the auricle. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:988–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 292 Reconstruction of the tragus after tumour excision. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:552–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 293 Reconstruction of non‐marginal ear defect by a postauricular wedge transposition flap. Br J Plast Surg 1998;51:14–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 294 Helix rim advancement for reconstruction of marginal defects of the pinna. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;38:3–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 295 Peninsular conchal axial flap to reconstruct the upper or middle third of the auricle. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:350–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 296 Aggressive tumors of the concha: treatment with postauricular island pedicle flap. J Cutan Med Surg 2003;7:339–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 297 Radiotherapy of skin carcinomas of the pinna: a study of 115 lesions in 108 patients. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44:513–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 298 Maintenance versus reduction of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients with aggressive squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:674–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
Squamous carcinoma of the external auditory canal
- 299 Staging proposal for external auditory meatus carcinoma based on preoperative clinical examination and computed tomography findings. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99:714–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 300 Malignancy of the temporal bone and external auditory canal. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:882–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 301 Verrucous carcinoma in the external auditory canal. Am J Otol. 1986;7:443–5. Pubmed link , .
- 302 Surgical approach for treatment of carcinoma of the anterior wall of the external auditory canal. Otol Neurotol 2012;33:450–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 303 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EAC). Acta Otolaryngol 2007;127:280–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 304 Malignant transformation from benign papillomatosis of the external auditory canal. Otol Neurotol. 2012;33:643–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 305 Investigating the role of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone. Head Neck Oncol 2013;5:22. , , , et al.
- 306 Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: an evaluation of a staging system. Am J Otol 2000;21:582–8. Pubmed link , , .
- 307 The role of facial palsy in staging squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone and external auditory canal: a comparative survival analysis. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31:1473–9. Pubmed link , .
- 308 Prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: extensive bone involvement or extensive soft tissue involvement? Acta Otolaryngol. 2009;129:1313–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 309 Surgical approach for treatment of carcinoma of the anterior wall of the external auditory canal. Otol Neurotol 2012;33:450–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 310 Managing malignancies of the external auditory canal. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009;9:1277–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 311 Treatment and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear: a multi‐institutional retrospective review of 87 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68:1326–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 312 Primary radical radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear and external auditory canal‐an historical series. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2006;18:390–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Miscellaneous conditions
Petrified ear
- 313 Auricular ossificans (ectopic ossification of the auricle). J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:142–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 314 Prevalence of the petrified ear: a computed tomographic study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014;271:195–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 315 Petrified ears associated with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:409–10. Pubmed link .
Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal
- 316 Pathology of the Ear. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993:30–1. , .
- 317 External auditory meatus cholesteatoma. In: Tos M, Thomas J, Peitersen E, eds. Cholesteatoma and Mastoid Surgery. Amsterdam: Kugler and Ghedini, 1984:577–82. , , .
- 318 Cholesteatoma of the external ear canal: etiological factors, symptoms and clinical findings in a series of 48 cases. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord 2006;6:16–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Keratosis obturans
- 319 Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma. Laryngoscope 1980;90:383–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 320 Ear involvement in the yellow nail syndrome. Chest 1990;98:1534–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Referred pain
- 321 Otalgia. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2003;36:1137–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 322 Pain in the ear: with special reference to referred pain. J Laryngol Otol 1980;94:1433–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 323 The otomandibular syndrome: diagnosis. Ear Nose Throat J 1978;57:553–6. Pubmed link .
- 324 Facial fuzz and funny feelings. Cleve Clin J Med 1989;56:273–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 325 Psychogenic earache. An unusual cause of otalgia. Med J Aust 1980;i:76–7. .