Skin function in the neonate

Barrier function

• 1  West DP, Worobec S, Solomon LM. Pharmacology and toxicology of infant skin. J Invest Dermatol 1981;76:147–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 2  Fairley JA, Rasmussen JE. Comparison of stratum corneum thickness in adults and children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:652–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 3  Harpin VA, Rutter N. Barrier properties of the newborn infant's skin. J Pediatr 1983;102:419–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 4  Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Lachmann N, et al. Infant epidermal skin physiology: adaptation after birth. Br J Dermatol 2012;166:483–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 5  Raone B, Raboni R, Rizzo N, et al. Transepidermal water loss in newborns within the first 24 hours of life: baseline values and comparison with adults. Pediatr Dermatol 2014;31:191–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 6  West DP, Halket JM, Harvey DR, et al. Percutaneous absorption in preterm infants. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:234–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 7  Kagan BM, Mirman B, Calvin J, et al. Cyanosis in premature infants due to aniline dye intoxication. J Pediatr 1949;34:574–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 8  Powell H, Swarner O, Gluck L, et al. Hexachlorophene myelinopathy in premature infants. J Pediatr 1973;82:976–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 9  Harpin VA, Rutter N. Percutaneous alcohol absorption and skin necrosis in a premature infant. Arch Dis Child 1982;57:477–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 10  Puschel K. Percutaneous alcohol intoxication. Eur J Pediatr 1981;136:317–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 11  Sxhick J, Milstein J. Burn hazard of isopropyl alcohol in the neonate. Pediatrics 1981;68:587–8. Pubmed link
• 12  Feinblatt BI, Aceto T, Beckhorn G, et al. Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone in children. Am J Dis Child 1966;112:218–24. Pubmed link
• 13  Morrell P, Hey E, Mackee IW, et al. Deafness in a preterm baby associated with topical antibiotic spray containing neomycin. Lancet 1985;i:1167–8. Cross Ref link
• 14  Skipworth GB, Goldstein N, McBride WP. Boric acid intoxication from ‘medicated talcum powder’. Arch Dermatol 1967;95:83–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 15  Lundell E, Nordman R. A case of infantile poisoning by topical application of Castellani's solution. Ann Clin Res 1973;5:404–6. Pubmed link
• 16  Solomon LM, Fahrner L, West DP. Gamma‐benzene hexachloride toxicity: a review. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:353–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 17  Gershanik J, Boecler B, Ensley H, et al. The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1384–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 18  Beverley DW, Wheeler D. High plasma urea concentrations in collodion babies. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:696–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 19  Galea P, Goel KM. Salicylate poisoning in dermatological treatment. Arch Dis Child 1990;65:335. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 20  Aggett PJ, Cooper LV, Ellis SH, et al. Percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine in neonatal cord care. Arch Dis Child 1981;56:878–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 21  Chabrolle JP, Rossier A. Goitre and hypothyroidism in the newborn after cutaneous absorption of iodine. Arch Dis Child 1978;53:495–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 22  Mitchell IM, Pollock JC, Jamieson MPG, et al. Transcutaneous iodine absorption in infants undergoing cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;52:1138–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 23  Reynolds PR, Banerjee S, Meek JH. Alcohol burns in extremely low birthweight infants: still occurring. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Edn 2005;90:F10. Cross Ref link
• 24  Tielsch JM, Darmstadt GL, Mullany LC, et al. Impact of newborn skin‐cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community‐based, cluster‐randomized trial. Pediatrics 2007;119:e330–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 25  Brown BW. Fatal phenol poisoning from improperly laundered diapers. Am J Public Health 1970;60:901–2. Cross Ref link
• 26  Schafer WB. Acute hemolytic anemia related to naphthalene. Pediatrics 1951;7:172–4. Pubmed link
• 27  Conner JM, Soll RF, Edwards WH. Topical ointment for preventing infection in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;Issue 1:CD001150. Pubmed link
• 28  Darmstadt GL, Saha SK, Ahmed ASM, et al. Effect of topical treatment with skin barrier‐enhancing emollients on nosocomial infections in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1039–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 29  Darmstadt GL, Saha SK, Ahmed ASM, et al. Effect of topical treatment of preterm neonates in Bangladesh on invasion of pathogens into the bloodstream. Pediatr Res 2007;61:588–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 30  Rutter N, Hull D. Water loss from the skin of term and preterm babies. Arch Dis Child 1979;54:858–68. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 31  Sulyok E, Jequier E, Ryser G. Effect of relative humidity on thermal balance of the newborn infant. Biol Neonate 1972;21:210–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 32  Brice JEH, Rutter N, Hull D. Reduction of skin water loss in the newborn. II. Clinical trial of two methods in very low birthweight babies. Arch Dis Child 1981;56:673–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 33  Fitch CW, Korones SB. Heat shield reduces water loss. Arch Dis Child 1984;59:886–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 34  Rutter N, Hull D. Reduction of skin water loss in the newborn. I. Effect of applying topical agents. Arch Dis Child 1981;56:669–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 35  Ågren J, Sjörs G, Sedin G. Ambient humidity influences the rate of skin barrier maturation in extremely preterm infants. J Pediatr 2006;148:613–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 36  Baley JE, Silverman RA. Systemic candidiasis: cutaneous manifestations in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1988;82:211–15. Pubmed link
• 37  Cetta F, Lambert GH, Ros SP. Newborn chemical exposure from over‐the‐counter skin care products. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1991;30:286–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 38  Blume‐Peytavi U, Hauser M, Stamatas GN, et al. Skin care practices for newborns and infants: review of the clinical evidence for best practices. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29:1–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 39  Lavender T, Bedwell C, Roberts SA, et al. Randomized, controlled trial evaluating a baby wash product on skin barrier function in healthy, term neonates. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;42(2):203–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 40  Danby SG, AlEnezi T, Sultan A, et al. Effect of olive and sunflower seed oil on the adult skin barrier: implications for neonatal skin care. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:42–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Eccrine sweating

• 41  Szabo G. The number of eccrine sweat glands in human skin. Adv Biol Skin 1962;3:1–5.
• 42  Behrendt H, Green M. Drug‐induced localised sweating in full‐size and low‐birth‐weight neonates. Am J Dis Child 1969;117:299–306. Pubmed link
• 43  Harpin VA, Rutter N. Development of emotional sweating in the newborn infant. Arch Dis Child 1982;57:691–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 44  Harpin VA, Rutter N. Sweating in preterm babies. J Pediatr 1982;100:614–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 45  Green M, Behrendt H. Sweating responses of neonates to local thermal stimulation. Am J Dis Child 1973;125:20–5. Pubmed link
• 46  Rutter N, Hull D. Response of term babies to a warm environment. Arch Dis Child 1979;54:178–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 47  Perlstein PH, Edwards NK, Sutherland JM. Apnea in premature infants and incubator‐air‐temperature changes. N Engl J Med 1970;282:461–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 48  Munsters J, Wallström L, Agren J, et al. Skin conductance measurements as pain assessment in newborn infants born at 22–27 weeks gestational age at different postnatal age. Early Hum Dev 2012;88:21–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Sebaceous gland secretion

• 49  Rissman R, Groenink HWW, Weerheim AM, et al. New insights into ultrastructure, lipid composition and organization of vernix caseosa. J Invest Dermatol 2006;126:1823–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 50  Visscher MO, Narendran V, Pickens WL, et al. Vernix caseosa in neonatal adaptation. J Perinatol 2005;25:440–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 51  Marchini G, Lindow S, Brismar H, et al. The newborn infant is protected by an innate antimicrobial barrier: peptide antibiotics are present in the skin and vernix caseosa. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:1127–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 52  Visscher MO, Utturkar R, Pickens WL, et al. Neonatal skin maturation – vernix caseosa and free amino acids. Pediatr Dermatol 2011;28:122–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 53  Visscher MO, Barai N, LaRuffa AA, et al. Epidermal barrier treatments based on vernix caseosa. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011;24:322–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 54  Agache P, Blanc D, Barrand C, et al. Sebum levels during the first year of life. Br J Dermatol 1980;103:643–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 55  Zouboulis CC. The sebaceous gland. Hautarzt 2010;61:467–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Appearance of neonatal skin

Full‐term neonate

• 56  Hidano A, Purwoko R, Jitsukawa K. Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:140–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 57  Nanda A, Kaur S, Bhakoo ON, et al. Survey of cutaneous lesions in Indian newborns. Pediatr Dermatol 1989;6:39–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 58  Rivers JK, Frederiksen PC, Dibdin C. A prevalence survey of dermatoses in the Australian neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:77–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 59  Chaithirayanon S, Chunharas A. A survey of birthmarks and cutaneous skin lesions in newborns. J Med Assoc Thai 2013;96(Suppl. 1):S49–53. Pubmed link
• 60  Downing DT, Strauss JS. Synthesis and composition of surface lipids of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1974;62:228–44. Cross Ref link
• 61  Marchini G, Lindow S, Brismar H, et al. The newborn infant is protected by an innate antimicrobial barrier: peptide antibiotics are present in the skin and vernix caseosa. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:1127–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 62  Zagne V, Fernandes NC. Dermatoses in the first 72 h of life: a clinical and statistical survey. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:470–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 63  Nelligan GA, Strang LB. A ‘harlequin’ colour change in the newborn. Lancet 1952;ii:1005–7. Cross Ref link
• 64  Selimoglu MA, Dilmen U, Karakelleoglu C, et al. Harlequin color change. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995;149:1171–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 65  Pearson HA, Cone TE. Harlequin color change in a young infant with tricuspid atresia. Pediatrics 1957;50:609–12. Cross Ref link
• 66  Ekiz O, Gül U, Mollamahmutoğlu L, et al. Skin findings in newborns and their relationship with maternal factors: observational research. Ann Dermatol 2013;25:1–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 67  Sharma J. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. J Clin Neonatol 2013;2:199. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 68  Memarzadeh A, Pengas I, Syed S, et al. Limb length discrepancy in cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: an audit of assessment and management in a multidisciplinary setting. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:681–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 69  Griffiths AD. Skin desquamation in the newborn. Biol Neonate 1966;10:127–39. Cross Ref link
• 70  Executive and Scientific Advisory Boards of the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias. Scaling skin in the neonate: a clue to the early diagnosis of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ–Siemens–Touraine syndrome). J Pediatr 1989;114:600–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 71  Murphy WF, Langley AL. Common bullous lesions, presumably self‐inflicted, occurring in utero in the newborn infant. Pediatrics 1963;32:1099–101. Pubmed link
• 72  Barman JM, Pecoraro V, Astore I, et al. The first stage in the natural history of the human scalp hair cycle. J Invest Dermatol 1967;48:138–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 73  Pecoraro V, Astore I, Barman JM. Cycle of the scalp hair of the newborn child. J Invest Dermatol 1964;43:145–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 74  Cutrone M, Grimalt R. Transient neonatal hair loss: a common transient neonatal dermatosis. Eur J Pediatr 2005;164:630–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 75  Barth JH. Normal hair growth in children. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:173–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 76  Gordon I. Miliary sebaceous cysts and blisters in the healthy newborn. Arch Dis Child 1949;24:286–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 77  Rivers JK, Frederiksen PC, Dibdin C. A prevalence survey of dermatoses in the Australian neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:77–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 78  Tsai F‐J, Tsai C‐H. Birthmarks and congenital skin lesions in Chinese newborns. J Formos Med Assoc 1993;92:838–41. Pubmed link
• 79  Osburn K, Schosser RH, Everett MA. Congenital pigmented and vascular lesions in newborn infants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:788–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 80  Halper S, Rubinstein D, Prose N, Levy M. Pigmentary lines of the newborn. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:893–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 81  Cataldo E, Berkman MD. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns. Am J Dis Child 1968;116:44–8. Pubmed link
• 82  Jorgenson RJ, Shapiro SD, Salinas CF, et al. Intraoral findings and anomalies in neonates. Pediatrics 1982;69:577–82. Pubmed link

Preterm neonate

• 83  Kligman AM. Pathologic dynamics of human hair loss. Arch Dermatol 1961;83:175–98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 84  Heyl T. The skin of the pre‐term baby – a visual appraisal. Clin Exp Dermatol 1986;11:584–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Small‐for‐dates and postmature neonates

• 85  Clifford SH. Postmaturity – with placental dysfunction. Clinical syndrome with pathologic findings. J Pediatr 1954;44:1–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Toxic erythema of the newborn

• 86  Eitzman DV, Smith RT. The non‐specific inflammatory cycle in the neonatal infant. Am J Dis Child 1959;97:326–34.
• 87  Luders D. Histologic observations in erythema toxicum neonatorum. Pediatrics 1960;26:219–24. Pubmed link
• 88  Marchini G, Nelson A, Edner J, et al. Erythema toxicum neonatorum is an innate immune response to commensal microbes penetrated into the skin of the newborn infant. Pediatr Res 2005;58:613–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 89  Nelson A, Ulfgren AK, Edner J, et al. Urticaria neonatorum: accumulation of tryptase‐expressing mast cells in the skin lesions of newborns with erythema toxicum. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007;18:652–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 90  Levy HL, Cothran F. Erythema toxicum neonatorum present at birth. Am J Dis Child 1962;103:617–19. Pubmed link
• 91  Duperrat B, Bret AJ. Erythema neonatorum allergicum. Br J Dermatol 1961;73:300–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 92  Freeman RG, Spiller R, Knox JM. Histopathology of erythema toxicum neonatorum. Arch Dermatol 1960;82:586–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 93  Marino LJ. Toxic erythema present at birth. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:402–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 94  Nanda A, Kaur S, Bhakoo ON, et al. Survey of cutaneous lesions in Indian newborns. Pediatr Dermatol 1989;6:39–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 95  Taylor WB, Bondurant CP. Erythema neonatorum allergicum. Arch Dermatol 1957;76:591–4. Cross Ref link
• 96  Berg FJ, Solomon LM. Erythema neonatorum toxicum. Arch Dis Child 1987;62:327–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 97  Hidano A, Purwoko R, Jitsukawa T. Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:140–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 98  Rivers JK, Frederiksen PC, Dibdin C. A prevalence survey of dermatoses in the Australian neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:77–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 99  Tsai F‐J, Tsai C‐H. Birthmarks and congenital skin lesions in Chinese newborns. J Formos Med Assoc 1993;92:838–41. Pubmed link
• 100  Carr JA, Hodgman JE, Freedman RI, et al. Relationship between toxic erythema and infant maturity. Am J Dis Child 1966;122:129–34.
• 101  Keitel HG, Yadav V. Etiology of toxic erythema. Am J Dis Child 1963;106:306–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 102  Maffei FA, Michaels MG, Wald ER. An unusual presentation of erythema toxicum with scrotal pustules present at birth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:649–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Miliaria

• 103  Ferahbas A, Utas S, Akcakus M, et al. Prevalence of cutaneous findings in hospitalized neonates: a prospective observational study. Pediatr Dermatol 2009;26:139–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 104  Haveri FT, Inamadar AC. A cross‐sectional prospective study of cutaneous lesions in newborn. ISRN Dermatol 2014;2014:360590. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 105  Mowad CM, McGinley KJ, Foglia A, et al. The role of extracellular polysaccharide substance produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis in miliaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:729–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 106  Holzle E, Kligman AM. The pathogenesis of miliaria rubra. Role of the resident flora. Br J Dermatol 1978;99:117–37. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 107  Singh G. The role of bacteria in anhidrosis. Dermatologica 1973;146:256–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 108  Loewenthal LJA. The pathogenesis of miliaria. The role of sodium chloride. Arch Dermatol 1961;84:2–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 109  Shelley WB, Horvath PN. Experimental miliaria in man. J Invest Dermatol 1950;14:9–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 110  Chao CT. Hypernatremia‐related miliaria crystallina. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014;18:831–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 111  Engür D, Türkmen MK, Savk E. Widespread miliaria crystallina in a newborn with hypernatremic dehydration. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:e234–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 112  Arpey CJ, Nagashima‐Whalen LS, Chren MT. Congenital miliaria crystallina: case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 1992;9:283–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 113  Straka BF, Cooper PH, Greer KE. Congenital miliaria crystallina. Cutis 1991;47:103–6. Pubmed link
• 114  Urbatsch A, Paller AS. Pustular miliaria rubra: a specific cutaneous finding of type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism. Pediatr Dermatol 2002;19:317–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 115  Argoubi H, Fitchner C, Richard O, et al. Pustular miliaria rubra and systemic type 1b pseudohypoaldosteronism in a newborn. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007;134:253–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 116  Doshi BR, Mahajan S, Kharkar V, et al. Granulomatous variant of giant centrifugal miliaria profunda. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:e48–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Transient pustular melanosis

• 117  Ramamurthy RS, Reveri M, Esterly NB, et al. Transient neonatal pustular melanosis. J Pediatr 1976;88:831–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 118  Ferrándiz C, Coroleu W, Ribera M, et al. Sterile transient neonatal pustulosis is a precocious form of erythema toxicum neonatorum. Dermatology 1992;185:18–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 119  Auster B. Transient neonatal pustular melanosis. Cutis 1978;22:327–8.
• 120  Barr RJ, Globerman LM, Werber FA. Transient neonatal pustular melanosis. Int J Dermatol 1979;18:636–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 121  Merlob P, Metzker A, Reisner SH. Transient neonatal pustular melanosis. Am J Dis Child 1982;136:521–2. Pubmed link
• 122  Wyre HW, Jr, Murphy MO. Transient neonatal pustular melanosis. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:458. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 123  Van Praag MC, Van Rooij RW, Folkers E, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pustular disorders in the neonate. Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:131–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 124  Chia PS, Leung C, Hsu YL, et al. An infant with transient neonatal pustular melanosis presenting as pustules. Pediatr Neonatol 2010;51:356–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 125  Paloni G, Cutrone M. Giant transient pustular melanosis in an infant. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2013;98:F492. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Infantile acropustulosis

• 126  Palungwachira P. Infantile acropustulosis. Australas J Dermatol 1989;30:97–100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 127  Kahn G, Rywlin AM. Acropustulosis of infancy. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:831–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 128  Vicente J, Espana A, Idoate M, et al. Are eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy and infantile acropustulosis the same entity? Br J Dermatol 1996;135:807–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 129  Good LM, Good TJ, High WA. Infantile acropustulosis in internationally adopted children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:763–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 130  Prendiville JS. Infantile acropustulosis: how often is it a sequela of scabies? Pediatr Dermatol 1995;12:275–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 131  Bjornberg A, Friis B. Persistent pustulosis in children adopted from Asia: a sequela of scabies? Int J Dermatol 1978;17:69–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 132  Dromy R, Raz A, Metzker A. Infantile acropustulosis. Pediatr Dermatol 1991;8:284–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 133  Monk B. Acropustulosis of infancy in a twin [Letter]. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 134  Jennings JL, Burrows WM. Infantile acropustulosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:733–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 135  McFadden N, Falk ES. Infantile acropustulosis. Cutis 1985;36:49–51. Pubmed link
• 136  Vignon‐Pennamen D‐D, Wallach D. Infantile acropustulosis. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1155–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 137  Lucky AW, McGuire JS. Infantile acropustulosis with eosinophilic pustules. J Pediatr 1982;100:428–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 138  Newton JA, Salisbury J, Marsden A, McGibbon DH. Acropustulosis of infancy. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:735–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 139  Falanga V. Infantile acropustulosis with eosinophilia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:826–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 140  Kimura M, Higuchi T, Yoshida M. Infantile acropustulosis treated successfully with topical maxacalcitol. Acta Derm Venereol 2011;91:363–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal pustulosis of transient myeloproliferative disorder

• 141  Burch JM, Weston WL, Rogers M, et al. Cutaneous pustular leukemoid reactions in trisomy 21. Pediatr Dermatol 2003;20:232–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 142  Viros A, Garcia‐Patos V, Aparicio G, et al. Sterile neonatal pustulosis associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder in twins. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:1053–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 143  Iwashita N, Sadahira C, Yuza Y, et al. Vesiculopustular eruption in neonate with trisomy 21 and transient myeloproliferative disorder. J Pediatr 2013;162:643–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 144  Narvaez‐Rosales V, de‐Ocariz MS, Carrasco‐Daza D, et al. Neonatal vesiculopustular eruption associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder: report of four cases. Int J Dermatol 2013;52:1202–9. Pubmed link
• 145  Groet J, Mc Elwaine S, Spinelli M, et al. Acquired mutations in GATA 1 in neonates with Down's syndrome with transient myeloid disorder. Lancet 2003;361:1617–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring

• 146  Cohen BA, Esterley NB, Nelson PF. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:361–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 147  Gupta AK, Rasmussen JE, Headington JT. Extensive congenital erosions and vesicles healing with reticulate scarring. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:369–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 148  Plantin P, Delaire P, Guillois B, Guillet G. Congenital erosive dermatosis with reticulated supple scarring: first neonatal report. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:544–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 149  Sadick NS, Shea CR, Schlessel JS. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis with reticulated supple scarring: a neutrophilic dermatosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:873–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 150  Sidhu‐Malik NK, Resnick SD, Wilson BB. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring: report of three new cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 1998;15:214–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 151  Stein S, Stone S, Paller AS. Ongoing blistering in a boy with congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:946–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 152  Tlougan BE, Paller AS, Schaffer JV, et al. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring: unifying clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:909–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 153  Mashiah J, Wallach D, Leclerc‐Mercier S, et al. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis: a new case and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29:756–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 154  Metz BJ, Hicks J, Levy M. Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple scarring. Pediatr Dermatol 2005;22:55–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Complications of prematurity

Anetoderma of prematurity

• 155  Prizant TL, Lucky AW, Frieden IJ, et al. Spontaneous atrophic patches in extremely premature infants: anetoderma of pregnancy. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:671–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 156  Wain EM, Mellerio JE, Robson A, et al. Congenital anetoderma in a preterm infant. Pediatr Dermatol 2008;25:626–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 157  Ben‐Amitai D, Feinmesser M, Wielunsky E, et al. Simultaneous occurrence of anetoderma in premature identical twins. Isr Med Assoc J 2008;10:431–2. Pubmed link
• 158  Goujon E, Beer F, Gay S, et al. Anetoderma of prematurity: an iatrogenic consequence of neonatal intensive care. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:565–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Complications of medical procedures on the fetus and neonate

Antenatal procedures

• 159  Broome DL, Wilson MG, Weiss B, et al. Needle puncture of fetus: a complication of second‐trimester amniocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;126:247–52. Pubmed link
• 160  Bruce S, Duffy JO, Wolf JE. Skin dimpling associated with midtrimester amniocentesis. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;2:140–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 161  Epley SL, Hansen JW, Cruickshank DP. Fetal injury with mid‐trimester diagnostic amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53:77–80. Pubmed link
• 162  Raimer SS, Raimer BG. Needle puncture scars from mid‐trimester amniocentesis. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:1360–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 163  Cambiaqhi S, Restano L, Cavalli R, et al. Skin dimpling as a consequence of amniocentesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:888–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 164  Shelton LW. Gangrenous skin defect after intrauterine transfusion. Am J Dis Child 1969;117:593–6. Pubmed link
• 165  Ashkenazi S, Metzker A, Merlob P, et al. Scalp changes after fetal monitoring. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:267–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 166  Kaufman HH, Hochberg J, Anderson RP, et al. Treatment of calcified cephalohematoma. Neurosurgery 1993;32:1037–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 167  Parvey LS, Ch'ien LT. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection introduced by fetal monitor scalp electrodes. Pediatrics 1980;65:1150–3. Pubmed link
• 168  Kaye EM, Dooling EC. Neonatal herpes simplex meningoencephalitis associated with fetal monitor scalp electrodes. Neurology 1981;31:1045–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 169  Freedman RM, Baltimore R. Fatal Streptococcus viridans septicemia and meningitis: relationship to fetal scalp electrode monitoring. J Perinatol 1990;10:272–4. Pubmed link
• 170  Golden SM, Merenstein GB, Todd WA, et al. Disseminated herpes simplex neonatorum: a complication of fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;123:917–18.
• 171  Okada DM, Chow AW, Bruce VT. Neonatal scalp abscess and fetal monitoring: factors associated with infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;129:185–9. Pubmed link
• 172  Cordero L, Anderson CW, Zuspan FP. Scalp abscess: a benign and infrequent complication of fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;146:126–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 173  McGregor JA, McFarren T. Neonatal cranial osteomyelitis: a complication of fetal monitoring. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:490–2. Pubmed link
• 174  Siddiqi SF, Taylor PM. Necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp. Am J Dis Child 1982;136:226–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 175  Reveri M, Krishnamurthy C. Gonococcal scalp abscess. J Pediatr 1979;94:819–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 176  Lykoudis EG, Spyropoulou GA, Lavasidis LG, et al. Alopecia associated with birth injury. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:487–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 177  Chadwick PW, Heymann WR. Vesicular eruption of vacuum‐assisted delivery. Pediatr Dermatol 2014;31:381–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Phototherapy

• 178  Giunta F. Bilirubin rash in the newborn. JAMA 1969;208:1703. Pubmed link
• 179  Siegfried EC, Stone MS, Madison KC. Ultraviolet light burn: a cutaneous complication of visible light phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. Pediatr Dermatol 1992;9:278–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 180  Woody NC, Brodkey MJ. Tanning from phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. J Pediatr 1973;82:1042–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 181  Ashley JR, Littler CM, Burgdorf WHC. Bronze baby syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:325–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 182  Kopelman AE, Brown RS, Odell GB. The ‘bronze baby syndrome’: a complication of phototherapy. J Pediatr 1972;81:466–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 183  Ottinger D. Bronze baby syndrome. Neonatal Netw 2013;32:200–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 184  Onishi S, Itoh S, Isobe K, et al. Mechanism of development of bronze baby syndrome in neonates treated with phototherapy. Pediatrics 1982;69:273–6. Pubmed link
• 185  Rubaltelli FF, Jori G, Reddi E. Bronze baby syndrome: a new porphyrin‐related disorder. Pediatr Res 1983;17:327–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 186  Purcell SM, Wians FH, Ackerman NB, et al. Hyperbiliverdinaemia in the bronze baby syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:172–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 187  Clark CF, Torii S, Hamamoto Y, et al. The ‘bronze baby’ syndrome: postmortem data. J Pediatr 1976;88:461–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 188  Ruiz‐Maldonado R, Tamayo L, Fernandez‐Diaz J. Universal acquired melanosis: the carbon baby. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:775–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 189  Krasinki K, Perkin R, Rutledge J. The grey baby syndrome revisited. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1982;21:571–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 190  Burry JN, Lawrence JR. Phototoxic blisters from high frusemide dosage. Br J Dermatol 1976;94:495–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 191  Porat R, Gilbert S, Magilner D. Methylene blue‐induced phototoxicity: an unrecognised complication. Pediatrics 1996;97:717–21. Pubmed link
• 192  Smith SG. Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. Semin Dermatol 1986;5:125–37.
• 193  Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B, de Verneuil H, et al. Harderoporphyria: a variant coproporphyria. J Clin Invest 1983;72:1139–49. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 194  Baran M, Eliaçık K, Kurt I, et al. Bullous skin lesions in a jaundiced infant after phototherapy: a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Turk J Pediatr 2013;55:218–21. Pubmed link
• 195  Mallon E, Wojnarowska F, Hope P, et al. Neonatal bullous eruption as a result of transient porphyrinemia in a premature infant with hemolytic disease of the newborn. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:333–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 196  Crawford RI, Lawlor ER, Wadsworth LD, Prendiville JS. Transient erythroporphyria of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:833–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 197  Paller AS, Eramo LR, Farrell EE, et al. Purpuric phototherapy‐induced eruption in transfused neonates: relation to transient porphyrinemia. Pediatrics 1997;100:360–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal medical procedures

• 198  Cutler VE, Stretcher GS. Cutaneous complications of central umbilical artery catheterization. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:61–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 199  Du JHN, Briggs JN, Young G. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in hyaline membrane disease: massive thrombosis following umbilical artery catheterization. Pediatrics 1970;45:287–9. Pubmed link
• 200  Lobe TE, Richardson CJ, Boulden TF, et al. Mycotic thromboaneurysmal disease of the abdominal aorta in preterm infants. J Pediatr Surg 1992;27:1054–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 201  Mann NP. Gluteal skin necrosis after umbilical artery catheterisation. Arch Dis Child 1980;55:815–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 202  Purohit DM, Levkoff AH, Devit PC. Gluteal necrosis with foot drop. Am J Dis Child 1978;132:897–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 203  Lin SJ, Koltz PF, Davis W, Vicari F. Lower extremity ischemia following umbilical artery catheterization: a case study and clinical update. Int J Surg 2009;7:182–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 204  Boyle RJ, Oh W. Erythema following transcutaneous Po₂ monitoring. Pediatrics 1980;65:333–4. Pubmed link
• 205  Golden SM. Skin craters – a complication of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. Pediatrics 1981;67:514–16. Pubmed link
• 206  Eberhard P, Mindt W, Kreuzer F. Cutaneous oxygen monitoring in the newborn. Paediatrician 1976;5:335–69.
• 207  Evans NJ, Rutter N. Reduction of skin damage from transcutaneous oxygen electrodes using a spray‐on dressing. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:881–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 208  Goujon E, Beer F, Gay S, et al. Anetoderma of prematurity: an iatrogenic consequence of neonatal intensive care. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:565–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 209  Colditz PB, Dunster KR, Joy GJ, et al. Anetoderma of prematurity in association with electrocardiographic electrodes. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:478–81. Cross Ref link
• 210  Sajben FP, Gibbs NF, Friedlander SF. Transillumination blisters in a neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:264–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 211  Hironaga M, Fujigaki T, Tanaka S. Cutaneous calcinosis in a neonate following extravasation of calcium gluconate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:392–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 212  Vaidya UV, Hegde VM, Bhave SA, et al. Reduction in parenteral nutrition‐related complications in the newborn. Indian Pediatr 1991;28:477–84. Pubmed link
• 213  Gault DT. Extravasation injuries. Br J Plast Surg 1993;46:91–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 214  Cartlidge PH, Fox PE, Rutter N. The scars of newborn intensive care. Early Hum Dev 1990;21:1–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 215  Sell EJ, Hansen RC, Struck‐Pierce S. Calcified nodules on the heel: a complication of neonatal intensive care. J Pediatr 1980;96:473–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 216  Williamson D, Holt PJA. Calcified cutaneous nodules on the heels of children: a complication of heel sticks as a neonate. Pediatr Dermatol 2001;18:138–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 217  Rho NK, Youn SJ, Park HS, et al. Calcified nodule on the heel of a child following a single heel stick in the neonatal period. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:502–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 218  Goldminz D, Barnhill R, McGuire J, et al. Calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:922–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 219  Hironaga M, Fujigaki T, Tanaka S. Cutaneous calcinosis in a neonate following extravasation of calcium gluconate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:392–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 220  Sahn EF, Smith DJ. Annular dystrophic calcifinosis cutis in an infant. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:1015–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 221  Mancuso G, Tosti A, Fanti PA, et al. Cutaneous necrosis and calcinosis following encephalography. Dermatologica 1990;181:324–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 222  Harpin VA, Rutter N. Percutaneous alcohol absorption and skin necrosis in a premature infant. Arch Dis Child 1982;57:477–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 223  Pyati SP, Ramamurthy RS, Krauss MT, Pildes RS. Absorption of iodine in the neonate following topical use of povidone–iodine. J Pediatr 1977;91:825–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 224  Puschel K. Percutaneous alcohol intoxication. Eur J Pediatr 1981;136:317–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 225  Schick JB, Milstein JM. Burn hazard of isopropyl alcohol in the neonate. Pediatrics 1981;68:587–8. Pubmed link
• 226  Wilkinson AR, Baum JD, Keeling JW. Superficial skin necrosis in babies prepared for umbilical arterial catheterisation. Arch Dis Child 1981;56:237–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 227  Mannan K, Chow P, Lissauer T, et al. Mistaken identity of skin cleansing solution leading to extensive chemical burns in an extremely preterm infant. Acta Paediatr 2007;96:1536–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Atrophic lesions of neonates

Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma

• 228  Rodriguez‐Jurado R, Palacios C, Duran‐McKinster C, et al. Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: a new clinically and histopathologically distinct lesion. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:359–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 229  Martin JM, Jorda E, Monteagudo C, et al. Atrophic congenital lesion on the back. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:921–6. Pubmed link
• 230  Restano L, Fanoni D, Colonna C, et al. Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: a case misdiagnosed as neurofibroma. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:638–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 231  Cheon M, Jung KE, Kim HS, et al. Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: differential diagnosis with congenital atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Ann Dermatol 2013;25:382–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 232  Marque M, Bessis D, Pedeutour F, et al. Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: the main diagnostic pitfall is congenital atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma. Br J Dermatol 2009;160:190–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Disorders caused by transplacental transfer/maternal milk

Transplacental transfer of maternal autoantibodies

Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris

• 233  Green D, Maize JC. Maternal pemphigus vulgaris with in vivo bound antibodies in the stillborn fetus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:388–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 234  Hup JM, Bruinsma RA, Boersma ER, et al. Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris: transplacental transmission of antibodies. Paediatr Dermatol 1986;3:468–72. Cross Ref link
• 235  Merlob P, Metzker A, Hazaz BA, et al. Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatrics 1986;78:1102–5. Pubmed link
• 236  Moncada B, Kettelsen S, Hernandez‐Moctezuma JL, et al. Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris: role of passively transferred pemphigus antibodies. Br J Dermatol 1982;106:465–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 237  Itsukaichi M, Takakuwa K, Yamaguchi M, et al. Twins with neonatal pemphigus vulgaris born to a mother with pemphigus vulgaris: a case report. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:e59–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 238  Wasserstrum N, Laros RK. Transplacental transmission of pemphigus. JAMA 1983;249:1480–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 239  Tope WD, Kamino H, Briggaman RA, et al. Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris in a child born to a woman in remission. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:480–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 240  Chowdhury MMU, Natarajan S. Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris associated with mild oral pemphigus in the mother during pregnancy. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:500–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 241  Walker DC, Kolar KA, Hebert AA, et al. Neonatal pemphigus foliaceus. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1308–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 242  Avalos‐Diaz E, Olague‐Marchan M, Lopez‐Swiderski A, et al. Transplacental passage of maternal pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies induces neonatal pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:1130–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Transplacental pemphigoid gestationis

• 243  Katz A, Minta JO, Toole JWP, et al. Immunopathologic study of herpes gestationis in mother and infant. Arch Dermatol 1982;113:1069–72. Cross Ref link
• 244  Shornick JK. Herpes gestationis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:539–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 245  Chorzelski TP, Jablonska S, Beutner EH, et al. Herpes gestationis with identical lesions in the newborn. Passive transfer of the disease? Arch Dermatol 1976;112:1129–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 246  Bonifazi E, Meneghini CL. Herpes gestationis with transient bullous lesions in the newborn. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;1:215–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 247  Chen SH, Chopra K, Evans TY, et al. Herpes gestationis in a mother and child. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:847–9. Pubmed link
• 248  Lawley TJ, Stinzl G, Katz SI, et al. Fetal and maternal risk factors in herpes gestationis. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:552–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 249  Schornick JK, Bangert JL, Freeman RG, et al. Herpes gestationis: clinical and histologic features of twenty‐eight cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:214–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 250  Shornick JK, Black NM. Fetal risks in herpes gestationis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:63–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 251  Mascaró JM, Lecha M, Mascaró JM. Fetal morbidity in herpes gestationis. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1209–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal lupus erythematosus

• 252  Petri M, Watson R, Hochberg MC. Anti‐Ro antibodies and neonatal lupus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1989;15:335–60. Pubmed link
• 253  McCune AB, Weston WL, Lee LA. Maternal and fetal outcome in neonatal lupus syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:518–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 254  Lee LA, Lillis PJ, Fritz KA, et al. Neonatal lupus syndrome in successive pregnancies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:401–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 255  Provost TT. Commentary: neonatal lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:619–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 256  Weston WL, Harmon C, Peebles C, et al. A serological marker for neonatal lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1982;107:377–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 257  Bennion SD, Ferris C, Lieu T‐S, et al. IgG subclasses in the serum and skin in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and neonatal lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1990;95:643–6.
• 258  Sontheimer RD, McCauliffe DP. Pathogenesis of anti‐Ro/SS‐A autoantibody‐associated cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Clin 1990;8:751–8. Pubmed link
• 259  Heelan K, Watson R, Collins SM. Neonatal lupus syndrome associated with ribonucleoprotein antibodies. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:416–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 260  Neidenbach PJ, Sahn EE. La(SSB)‐positive neonatal lupus erythematosus: report of a case with unusual features. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:848–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 261  Lee LA, Harmon CE, Huff JC, et al. The demonstration of SS‐A/Ro antigen in human fetal tissues and in neonatal and adult skin. J Invest Dermatol 1985;85:143–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 262  Horsfall AC, Venables PJ, Taylor PV, Maini RN. Ro and La antigens and maternal autoantibody idiotype on the surface of myocardial fibers in congenital heart block. J Autoimmun 1991;4:165–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 263  Lee LA, Weston WL. New findings in neonatal lupus syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1984;138:233–6. Pubmed link
• 264  Franco HL, Weston WL, Peebles C, et al. Autoantibodies directed against sicca syndrome antigens in the neonatal lupus syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4:67–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 265  Draznin TH, Esterly NB, Furey NL, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979;1:437–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 266  Korkij W, Soltani K. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a review. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;1:189–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 267  Rendall JRS, Wilkinson JD. Neonatal lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol 1978;3:69–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 268  De Argila D, Revenga F, Llamas R, et al. Cutaneous vasculitis with anti‐Ro SSA antibodies not associated to connective tissue disease. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1995;86:499–505.
• 269  Borrego L, Rodriguez J, Soler E, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus related to maternal leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:221–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 270  Watson RM, Lane AT, Barnett NK, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a clinical, serological and immunogenetic study with review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1984;63:362–78. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 271  Porcel Chacón R, Tapia Ceballos L, Díaz Cabrera R, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a five‐year case review. Reumatol Clin 2014;10:170–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 272  Lee LA. The clinical spectrum of neonatal lupus. Arch Dermatol Res 2009;301:107–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 273  Kaneko T, Tanji O, Hasegawa T, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus in Japan. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:397–403. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 274  Lee LA. Neonatal lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 1993;100:S9–13. Cross Ref link
• 275  Thornton C, Eichenfield L, Shinall E, et al. Cutaneous telangiectases in neonatal lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:19–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 276  Nitta Y. Lupus erythematosus profundus associated with neonatal lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:112–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 277  Carrascosa JM, Ribera M, Bielsa I, et al. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita or neonatal lupus? Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13:230–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 278  Greist MC, Probst E. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita or neonatal lupus. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:1102–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 279  Jenkins RE, Kurwa AR, Atherton DJ, Black MM. Neonatal lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:409–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 280  Ohtaki N, Miyamoto C, Orita M, et al. Concurrent multiple morphea and neonatal lupus erythematosus in an infant boy born to a mother with SLE. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:85–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 281  Alexander E, Buyon JP, Provost TT, Guarieri T. Anti‐Ro/RR‐A antibodies in the pathophysiology of congenital heart block in neonatal lupus syndrome: an experimental model. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:176–89. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 282  Chameides L, Trurex R, Vetter V, et al. Association of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus with congenital complete heart block. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1204–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 283  Esscher E, Scott JS. Congenital heart block and maternal systemic lupus erythematosus. BMJ 1979;1:1235–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 284  Litsey SE, Noonan JA, O'Connor WN, et al. Maternal connective tissue disease and congenital heart block. N Engl J Med 1985;312:98–100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 285  Ambrosi A, Sonesson SE, Wahren‐Herlenius M. Molecular mechanisms of congenital heart block. Exp Cell Res 2014;325:2–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 286  Chao MM, Luchtman‐Jones L, Silverman RA. Hematological complications of neonatal lupus: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013;35:e344–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 287  Cabañas F, Pellicer A, Valverde E, et al. Central nervous system vasculopathy in neonatal lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Neurol 1996;15:124–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 288  Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Bhattad, et al. CNS vasculitis and stroke in neonatal lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014;18:444–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 289  Brucato A, Franceschini F, Buyon JP. Neonatal lupus: long‐term outcome of mothers and children and recurrence rate. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997;15:467–73.
• 290  Fox RJ, Jr, McCuistion CH, Schoch EP, Jr. Systemic lupus erythematosus: association with previous neonatal lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:340. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 291  Jackson R, Gulliver M. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a 15 year follow‐up. Br J Dermatol 1979;101:81–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 292  Waltuck J, Buyon JP. Autoantibody‐associated congenital heart block: outcome in mothers and children. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:544–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 293  Rider LG, Buyon JP, Rutledge J, et al. Treatment of neonatal lupus. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1208–11. Pubmed link
• 294  Buyon JP. Neonatal lupus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1996;8:485–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 295  Silverman ED. Congenital heart block and neonatal lupus erythematosus: prevention is the goal. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1101–4. Pubmed link
• 296  Ishimaru S, Izaki S, Kitamura K, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: dissolution of atrioventricular block after administration of corticosteroids to the pregnant mother. Dermatology 1994;189(Suppl. 1)6–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Transplacental transfer of maternal malignant disease

• 297  Antonelli NM, Dotters DJ, Katz VL, Kuller JA. Cancer in pregnancy: a review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1996;51:125–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 298  Dildy GAA, Moise KJ, Carpenter RJ, Klima T. Maternal malignancy metastatic to the products of conception: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1989;44:535–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 299  Potter JF, Schoeneman M. Metastases of maternal cancer to the placenta and fetus. Cancer 1970;25:380–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 300  Aronson S. A case of transplacental tumour metastasis. Acta Paediatr Scand 1963;52:123–4.
• 301  Cavell B. Transplacental metastasis of malignant melanoma. Acta Paediatr Scand 1963;146(Suppl.):37–40. Cross Ref link
• 302  Osada S, Horibe K, Oiwa K, et al. A case of infantile acute monocytic leukaemia caused by vertical transmission of the mother's leukemic cells. Cancer 1990;65:1146–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 303  Catlin EA, Roberts JD, Erana R, et al. Transplacental transmission of natural‐killer‐cell lymphoma. New Engl J Med 2000;136:875–80.
• 304  Bolze PA, Weber B, Fisher RA, et al. First confirmation by genotyping of transplacental choriocarcinoma transmission. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;209:e4–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 305  Mascelli S. A reliable assay for rapidly defining transplacental metastasis using quantitative PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2014;1160:125–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 306  Raso A, Mascelli S, Nozza P, et al. Detection of transplacental melanoma metastasis using quantitative PCR. Diagn Mol Pathol 2010;19:78–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Transfer of toxic substances in maternal milk

• 307  Yeung GTC. Skin eruption in newborn due to bromism derived from mother's milk. BMJ 1950;1:769. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 308  Mangurten HH, Kaye CI. Neonatal bromism secondary to maternal exposure in a photographic laboratory. J Pediatr 1982;100:596–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Disorders of subcutaneous fat

Cold panniculitis

• 309  Sweeney MJ, Etteldorf JN, Throop LJ, et al. Diet and fatty acid distribution in subcutaneous fat and in the cholesterol–triglyceride fraction of serum in young infants. J Clin Invest 1963;42:1–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 310  Adams JE, Foster JH, Faulk WH, et al. Experimental production of subcutaneous fat necrosis by general hypothermia: relation to the chemical composition of fat. Surg Forum 1954;5:556–63.
• 311  Lemez L. Beitrag zur Pathogenese der subcutanen Fettgewebsnecrose neugeborener (Sog. Sclerodermia neonatorum) an der Hand einer Kaltereaktion des subcutanen Fettgewebes bei neugeborenen und jungen Sauglingen: II Mitteilung. Z Kinderheilkd 1928;46:323–69. Cross Ref link
• 312  Lowe LB. Cold panniculitis in children. Am J Dis Child 1968;115:709–13. Pubmed link
• 313  Mimouni F, Merlob P, Metzker A, Reisner SH. Supraventricular tachycardia: the icebag technique may be harmful in newborn infants? J Pediatr 1983;103:337. Pubmed link
• 314  Ter Poorten JC, Hebert AA, Ilkiw R. Cold panniculitis in a neonate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:383–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 315  Epstein EH, Oren ME. Popsicle panniculitis. N Engl J Med 1970;282:966–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 316  Rajkumar SV, Laude TA, Russo RM, et al. Popsicle panniculitis of the cheeks. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1976;15:619–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 317  Duncan WC, Freeman RG, Heaton CL. Cold panniculitis. Arch Dermatol 1966;94:722–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal cold injury

• 318  Arneil GC, Kerr MM. Severe hypothermia in Glasgow infants in winter. Lancet 1963;ii:756–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 319  Bower RD, Jones LF, Weeks MM. Cold injury in the newborn: a study of 70 cases. BMJ 1960;1:303–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 320  Mann TP. Hypothermia in the newborn: a new syndrome? Lancet 1955;i:613–14. Cross Ref link
• 321  Mann TP, Elliott RIK. Neonatal cold injury due to accidental exposure to the cold. Lancet 1957;i:229–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 322  Elliott RIK. Sclerema. Proc R Soc Med 1959;52:1018–21. Pubmed link

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

• 323  Tsuji T. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: light and electron microscopic studies. Br J Dermatol 1976;95:407–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 324  Burden AD, Krafchik BR. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a review of 11 cases. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:384–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 325  Flory CM. Fat necrosis of the newborn. Report of a case with necrosis of the subcutaneous and visceral fat. Arch Pathol 1948;45:278–88.
• 326  Steiness I. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (adiponecrosis subcutanea neonatorum) and maternal diabetes mellitus. Acta Med Scand 1961;170:411–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 327  McDonald R. Subcutaneous fat necrosis and sclerema neonatorum. S Afr Med J 1955;29:1007–12. Pubmed link
• 328  Glover MT, Catterall MD, Atherton DJ. Subcutaneous fat necrosis in two infants after hypothermic cardiac surgery. Pediatr Dermatol 1991;8:210–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 329  Chuang S‐D, Chiu H‐C, Chang C‐C. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn complicating hypothermic cardiac surgery. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:805–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 330  Hogeling M, Meddles K, Berk DR, et al. Extensive subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn associated with therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29:59–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 331  Mahe E, Girszyn N, Hadj‐Rabia S, et al. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a systematic evaluation of risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications and outcome of 16 children. Br J Dermatol 2007;156:709–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 332  Taieb A, Douard D, Maleville J. Subcutaneous fat necrosis and brown fat deficiency. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;26:227–30.
• 333  Balazs M. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn with emphasis on ultrastructural studied. Int J Dermatol 1987;26:227–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 334  Friedman SJ, Winkelman RK. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: light, ultrastructural and histochemical microscopic studies. J Cutan Pathol 1989;16:99–105. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 335  Michael AF, Hong R, West CD. Hypercalcaemia in infancy associated with subcutaneous fat necrosis and calcification. Am J Dis Child 1962;104;235–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 336  Rosbotham JL, Johnson A, Haque KN, Holden CA. Painful subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn associated with the intra‐partum use of a calcium channel blocker. Clin Exp Dermatol 1998;23:19–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 337  Shumer DE, Thaker V, Taylor GA, et al. Severe hypercalcaemia due to subcutaneous fat necrosis: presentation, management and complications Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2014;0:F1–3.
• 338  Norwood‐Galloway A, Lebwohl M, Phelps RG, et al. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn with hypercalcemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:435–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 339  Finne PH, Sanderud J, Aksnes L, et al. Hypercalcemia with increased and unregulated 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D production in a neonate with subcutaneous fat necrosis. J Pediatr 1988;112:792–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 340  Farooque A, Moss C, Zehnder D, et al. Expression of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1alpha‐hydroxylase in subcutaneous fat necrosis. Br J Dermatol 2009;160:423–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 341  Sharata H, Postellon DC, Hashimoto K. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, hypercalcemia and prostaglandin E. Pediatr Dermatol 1995;12:43–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 342  Jardine D, Atherton DJ, Trompeter RS. Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn in the same infant. Eur J Pediatr 1990;150:125–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 343  Wolach B, Raas‐Rothchild A, Vogel R, et al. Subcutaneous fat necrosis with thrombocytopenia in a newborn infant. Dermatologica 1990;181:54–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 344  Vonk J, Janssens PMW, Demacker PNM, Folkers E. Subcutaneous fat necrosis in a neonate, in association with aberrant plasma lipid and lipoprotein values. J Pediatr 1993;123:462–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 345  Hakan N, Aydin M, Zenciroglu A, et al. Alendronate for the treatment of hypercalcaemia due to neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis. Eur J Pediatr 2011;170:1085–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 346  Rice AM, Rivkees SA. Etidronate therapy for hypercalcemia in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. J Pediatr 1999;134:349–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Sclerema neonatorum

• 347  Zeb A, Darmstadt GL. Sclerema neonatorum: a review of nomenclature, clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnoses and management. J Perinatol 2008;28:453–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 348  Warwick W, Ruttenberg HD, Quie PG. Sclerema neonatorum: a sign not a disease. JAMA 1963;184:680–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 349  Molteni RA, Ames MR. Sclerema neonatorum and joint contractures at birth as a potential complication of chronic in utero hypoxia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;155:380–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 350  Bower BD, Jones LF, Weeks MM. Cold injury of the newborn: a study of 70 cases. BMJ 1960;1:303–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 351  Rafstedt S. Studies in serum lipids and lipoproteins in infancy and childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand 1955;44(Suppl. 102):1906–7. Cross Ref link
• 352  Kellum RE, Ray TL, Brown GR. Sclerema neonatorum: report of a case and analysis of subcutaneous and epidermal lipids by chromatographic methods. Arch Dermatol 1968;97:372–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 353  Pasyk K. Sclerema neonatorum: light microscopic studies. Virchows Arch 1980;388:87–103. Cross Ref link
• 354  Jardine D, Atherton DJ, Trompeter RS. Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn in the same infant. Eur J Pediatr 1990;150:125–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 355  Fretzin DF, Arias AM. Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:112–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 356  Heilbron B, Saxe N. Scleredema in an infant. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1417–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 357  Levin SE, Bakst CM, Isserow L. Sclerema neonatorum treated with corticosteroids. BMJ 1961;2:1533–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 358  Pearse RG, Sauer PJ. Exchange transfusion in treatment of serious infection in the newborn and sclerema neonatorum. Arch Dis Child 1978;53:262. Pubmed link
• 359  Pelet B. C3, factor B, α₁‐antitrypsin in neonatal septicaemia with sclerema. Arch Dis Child 1980;55:782–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 360  Buster KJ, Burford HN, Stewart FA, et al. Sclerema neonatorum treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: a case report and review of treatments. Cutis 2013;92:83–7. Pubmed link

Miscellaneous disorders

Raised linear bands of infancy

• 361  Meggitt SJ, Harper J, Lacour M, et al. Raised limb bands developing in infancy. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:359–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 362  Russi DC, Irvine AD, Paller AS. Raised limb bands developing in infancy. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:436–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 363  Dyer JA, Chamlin S. Acquired raised bands of infancy:association with amniotic bands. Pediatr Dermatol 2005;22:346–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 364  Latteo SA, Taylor AE, Meggitt SJ. Raised limb bands developing in infancy. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:791–2. Pubmed link
• 365  Marque MM, Guillot B, Le Gallic G, et al. Raised limb bands in infancy: a post‐traumatic aetiology? Br J Dermatol 2007;156:578–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 366  Ford LS, Rogers M, Kemp AS, et al. Persistent linear bands in infancy acquired after local pressure: a consequence of mast cell activation? Pediatr Dermatol 2007;24:391–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 367  Higginbottom MC, Jones KL, Hall BD, et al. The amniotic band disruption complex: timing of amniotic rupture and variable spectra of consequence of defects. J Pediatr 1979;95:544–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 368  Rossillon D, Rombouts JJ, Verllen‐Dumoulin C, et al. Congenital ring‐constriction syndrome of the limbs; a report of 19 cases. Br J Plast Surg 1988;41:270–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 369  Hüsler MR, Wilson RD, Horii SC, et al. When is fetoscopic release of amniotic bands indicated? Review of outcome of cases treated in utero and selection criteria for fetal surgery. Prenat Diagn 2009;29:457‐63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 370  Beute TC. The use of a topical antihistamine in the treatment of raised linear bands of infancy. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:312–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal adnexal polyp

• 371  Hidano A, Kobayashi T. Adnexal polyp of neonatal skin. Br J Dermatol 1975;92:659–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 372  Hidano A, Purwoko R, Jitsukawa K. Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:140–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 373  Koizumi H, Itoh E, Ohkawara A. Adnexal polyp of neonatal skin observed beyond the neonatal period. Acta Derm Venereol 1998;78:391–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 374  Lucas Costa A, Betlloch I, Pérez‐Crespo M, et al. Mammary skin tag in a 2‐year‐old girl: a long‐lasting adnexal polyp of neonatal skin? Pediatr Dermatol 2009;26:618‐20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Collodion baby

• 375  Larrègue M, Ottavy N, Bressieux JM, et al. Collodion baby: 32 new case reports. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 1986;113:773–85.
• 376  Aradhya SS, Srinivas SM, Hiremagalore R, et al. Clinical outcome of collodion baby: a retrospective review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:553.
• 377  Dreyfus I, Chouquet C, Ezzedine K, et al. Prevalence of inherited ichthyosis in France: a study using capture‐recapture method. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014;9:1–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 378  Traupe H, Kolde G, Happle R. Autosomal dominant lamellar ichthyosis: a new skin disorder. Clin Genet 1984;26:457–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 379  Hackett BC, Fitzgerald D, Watson RM, et al. Genotype‐phenotype correlations with TGM1: clustering of mutations in the bathing suit ichthyosis and self‐healing collodion baby variants of lamellar ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2010;162:448–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 380  Happle R, Traupe H, Grobe H, et al. The Tay syndrome (congenital ichthyosis with trichothiodystrophy). Eur J Pediatr 1984;141:147–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 381  Jorizzo JL, Atherton DJ, Crounse RG, et al. Ichthyosis, brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility and short stature (IBIDS syndrome). Br J Dermatol 1982;106:705–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 382  Wolf R, Zaritzky A, Pollak S. Value of looking at leukocytes in every case of ichthyosis. Dermatologica 1988;177:237–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 383  Yeh JM, Yang MH, Chao SC. Collodion baby and loricrin keratoderma: a case report and mutation analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;38:147–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 384  Lui K, Commens C, Choong R, Jaworski R. Collodion babies with Gaucher's disease. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:854–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 385  Vahlquist A, Bygum A, Gånemo A, et al. Genotypic and clinical spectrum of self‐improving collodion ichthyosis: ALOX12B, ALOXE3, and TGM1 mutations in Scandinavian patients. J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:438–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 386  Mazereeuw‐Hautier J, Aufenvenne K, Deraison C, et al. Acral self‐healing collodion baby: report of a new clinical phenotype caused by a novel TGM1 mutation. Br J Dermatol 2009;161:456–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 387  Frenk E. A spontaneous healing collodion baby: a light and electron microscopical study. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1981;61:95–7.
• 388  De Dobbeleer G, Heenen M, Song M, et al. Collodion baby skin: ultrastructural and autoradiographic study. J Cutan Pathol 1982;9:196–202. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 389  Arlette J. Collodion membrane in the premature infant. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:269–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 390  Dyer JA, Spraker M, Williams M. Care of the newborn with ichthyosis. Dermatol Ther 2013;26:1–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 391  Buyse L, Graves C, Marks R, et al. Collodion baby dehydration: the danger of high transepidermal water loss. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:86–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 392  Garty BZ, Wiseman Y, Metzker A, et al. Hypernatremic dehydration and hypothermia in congenital lamellar ichthyosis. Pediatr Dermatol 1985;3:65–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 393  Perlman M, Bar‐Ziv J. Congenital ichthyosis and neonatal pulmonary disease. Pediatrics 1974;53:573–5. Pubmed link
• 394  Prado R, Ellis LZ, Gamble R, et al. Collodion baby: an update with a focus on practical management. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:1362–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 395  Larregue M, Bieder C, Guillet G, et al. Cutaneous fissures in collodion babies: incidence and treatment. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 2008;135:279–85.

‘Blueberry muffin’ baby (dermal erythropoiesis)

• 396  McIntosh ED, Menser MA. A fifty‐year follow‐up of congenital rubella. Lancet 1992;340:414–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 397  Bowden JB, Hebert AA, Rapini RP. Dermal hematopoiesis in neonates: report of five cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:1104–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 398  Fine JD, Arndt KA. The TORCH syndrome: a clinical review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:697–706. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 399  Groark SP, Jampel RM. Violaceous papules and macules in a newborn: dermal erythropoiesis associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:114–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 400  Silver MM, Hellmann J, Zielenska M, et al. Anemia, blueberry muffin rash and hepatomegaly in a newborn infant. J Pediatr 1996;128:579–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 401  Vozza A, Tolone C, Carrano EM, et al. Late onset blueberry muffin syndrome following congenital rubella. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2003;17:204–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 402  Hebert AA, Esterly NB, Gardner TH. Dermal erythropoiesis in Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn. J Pediatr 1985;107:799–801. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 403  Pizarro A, Elorza D, Gamallo C, et al. Neonatal dermal erythropoiesis associated with severe rhesus immunization: amelioration by high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:334–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 404  Schwartz JL, Maniscalco WM, Lane AT, et al. Twin transfusion syndrome causing cutaneous erythropoiesis. Pediatrics 1984;74:527–9. Pubmed link
• 405  Rajpara A, Blackmon J, Laarman R, et al. Preterm infant with a late presentation of blueberry muffin lesions secondary to recombinant erythropoietin. Dermatol Online J 2013;19:19618.
• 406  Torrelo A, Madero L, Mediero IG, et al. Aleukemic congenital leukemia cutis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004;21:458–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 407  Gottesfeld E, Silverman RA, Coccia PF, et al. Transient blueberry muffin appearance of a newborn with congenital monoblastic leukemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:347–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 408  Monpoux F, Lacour J‐P, Hatchuel Y, et al. Congenital leukemia cutis preceding monoblastic leukemia by 3 months. Paediatr Dermatol 1996;13:472–6. Cross Ref link
• 409  Shown TE, Durfee MF. Blueberry muffin baby: neonatal neuroblastoma with subcutaneous metastases. J Urol 1970;104:193–5. Pubmed link
• 410  Shih YL, Kuo TT, Weng YH, et al. Coexisting metastatic neuroblastoma and dermal erythropoiesis in a blueberry muffin baby. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;64:1197–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 411  Kitagawa N, Arata J, Ohtsuki Y, et al. Congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as blueberry muffin baby. J Dermatol 1989;16:409–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 412  Shaffer MP, Walling HW, Stone MS. Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as blueberry muffin baby. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53(Suppl. 1):S143–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neonatal purpura fulminans

• 413  Aiach M, Borgel D, Gaussem P, et al. Protein C and protein S deficiencies. Semin Hematol 1997;34:205–17. Pubmed link
• 414  Clouse LH, Comp PC. The regulation of hemostasis: the protein C system. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1298–304. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 415  Tuddenham EG, Takase T, Thomas AE, et al. Homozygous protein C deficiency with delayed onset of symptoms at 7 to 10 months. Thromb Res 1989;53:475–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 416  Seligsohn U, Berger A, Abend M, et al. Homozygous protein C deficiency manifested by massive venous thrombosis in the newborn. N Engl J Med 1984;310:559–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 417  Muller F‐M, Ehrenthal W, Hafner G, Schranz D. Purpura fulminans in severe congenital protein C deficiency: monitoring of treatment with protein C concentrate. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:20–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 418  Monagle K, Ignjatovic V, Hardikar W, et al. Long‐term follow‐up of homozygote protein C deficiency after multimodal therapy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014;36:e452–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 419  Pipe SW, Schmaier AH, Nichols WC, et al. Neonatal purpura fulminans in association with factor V R506Q mutation. J Pediatr 1996;128:706–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 420  Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C as risk factors for thrombosis: molecular mechanisms, laboratory investigation and clinical management. Semin Hematol 1997;34:217–34. Pubmed link
• 421  Powars DR, Rogers ZR, Patch MJ, et al. Purpura fulminans in meningococcaemia associated with acquired deficiencies of proteins C and S. N Engl J Med 1987;317:571–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 422  Albarrak M, Al‐Matary A. Neonatal purpura fulminans manifestation in early‐onset group B streptococcal infection. Am J Case Rep 2013;14:315–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 423  Verma P, Pandhi D, Yadav P, et al. Neonatal purpura fulminans due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:266–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 424  Darmstadt GL. Acute infectious purpura fulminans: pathogenesis and medical management. Pediatr Dermatol 1998;15:169–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
• 425  Price VE, Ledingham DL, Krümpel A, et al. Diagnosis and management of neonatal purpura fulminans. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011;16:318–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link