Part 11, Reference for Chapter 123: Mechanical Injury to the Skin
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Overview of skin injury
- 1 Mechanical factors in the normal and abnormal development of the skin and its derivatives. Birth Defects 1981;17:61–6. Pubmed link .
- 2 Catching up the orthopods: mechanical forces matter in tissues other than bone. BMJ 1988;297:936. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 3 Regulation of connective tissue homeostasis in the skin by mechanical forces. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004;22(3 Suppl. 33):S73–6. Pubmed link , .
- 4 Mechanical stress induces profound remodelling of keratin filaments and cell junctions in epidermolysis bullosa simplex keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2004;117:5233–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 5 Manifesto of space medicine: the next dermatologic frontier. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:489–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 6 Mechanical stretching in vitro regulates signal transduction pathways and cellular proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2004;122:783–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 7 Microgravity and hypergravity effects on collagen biosynthesis of human dermal fibroblasts. Cell Tissue Res 1995;282:513–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 8 Biochemical consequences of mechanical forces generated by distension and distortion. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:116–30. Cross Ref link .
- 9 Environment and the skin. Med Clin North Am 1990;74:307–24. Pubmed link .
- 10 Mechanical properties and barrier function of healthy human skin. Acta Derm Venereol 2006;86:308–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Determinants of the response to injury
- 11 Amorphous material of skin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a morphologic and biochemical study. Neurology 1994;44:537–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Isomorphic (Koebner) response
- 12 Zur aetiologie der psoriasis. Vierteljahresschr Dermatol Syph 1876;3:559–61. .
- 13 The isomorphic response of Köbner. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:401–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 14 Isotopic response. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:341–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 15 Isotopic response after herpesvirus infection: an update. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:90–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 16 The Köbner phenomenon in psoriasis: a common response to skin trauma. Postgrad Med 1999;106:39–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 17 The Köbner phenomenon. Int J Dermatol 1982;21:192–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 18 Epidermal rupture is the initiating factor for the Köbner response in psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1990;70:35–8. , , , et al.
- 19 A prospective study of the Köbner reaction and T lymphocytes in uninvolved psoriatic skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1988;68:430–4. , , , et al.
- 20 Role of trauma in isomorphic response in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 1965;91:246–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 21 Vitiligo as a Köbner phenomenon. Br J Dermatol 1978;99:223–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 22 Therapeutic success of epidermal grafting in generalized vitiligo is limited by the Köbner phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:87–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 23 Vitiligo and radiotherapy: the Köbner phenomenon demonstrated in patients with vitiligo undergoing radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. Clin Oncol 1994;6:133–4. Cross Ref link , .
- 24 Association of the Köbner phenomenon with disease activity and therapeutic responsiveness in vitiligo vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:407–13. Pubmed link , , , .
- 25 Trauma and the localisation of tumor cells. Cancer 1967;20:23–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 26 Observations on keratosis follicularis. Arch Dermatol 1960;82:367–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 27 Isomorphic phenomenon in erythema multiforme. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:409–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 28 Isomorphic response after saphenectomy in a patient with granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50(Suppl. 2):S31–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 29 Familial benign chronic pemphigus. Arch Dermatol 1966;93:324–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 30 Leukemia cutis in acute myelomonocytic leukemia: infiltration to minor traumas and scars. J Dermatol 1991;18:281–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 31 Lichen sclerosus and the Köbner phenomenon. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:262–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 32 Koebner phenomenon in lupus erythematosus with special consideration of clinical findings. Autoimmun Rev 2005; 4: 219–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 33 Köbner phenomenon due to scratch test in scleromyxoedema. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:306–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 34 The Köbner's response in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Cutis 1984;34:78–80. Pubmed link , , .
- 35 Köbner phenomenon with necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Int J Dermatol 1993;32:895–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 36 Pemphigus foliaceus masquerading as postoperative wound infection: report of a case and review of the Koebner and related phenomenon following surgical procedures. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:226–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 37 Dermatoses reported to be more frequent in diabetes. In: Jelinek JE, ed. The Skin in Diabetes. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1986:175–202. .
- 38 Graves' disease presenting as localized myxedema in a thigh donor graft site. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:846–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 39 The Köbner phenomenon in anaphylactoid purpura. Cutis 1986;38:56–7. Pubmed link , .
- 40 The Köbner phenomenon in eruptive xanthoma. J Dermatol 1992;19:48–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Utilization of mechanical stimuli
- 41 Experimental disease in the skin of man. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1983;108:5–32. .
- 42 Microscopic Nikolsky's sign. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:312–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 43 Dermo‐epidermal separation with suction: electron microscopic and histochemical study of initial events of blistering on human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1967;48:466–77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 44 Suction blisters in bullous pemphigoid and other dermatoses. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:127–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 45 Cutaneous angiitis: patterns of rashes explained by (1) Flow properties of blood (2) Anatomical disposition of vessels. Br J Dermatol 1971;85:205–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 46 Demonstration of immune complexes in spontaneous and histamine‐induced lesions and in normal skin of patients with leucocytoclastic angiitis. J Invest Dermatol 1975;64: 105–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 47 Cutaneous necrotising venulitis: a sequential analysis of the morphological reactions occurring after mast cell degranulation in a patient with a unique syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 1978;32:46–58. , , , .
- 48 Delayed pressure urticaria: an investigation of some parameters of lesion induction. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:25–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Biomechanical considerations
- 49 The Physical Functions of Skin. New York: Academic Press, 1966. .
- 50 A critical approach to in vivo mechanical testing of the skin. In: Lévêque J‐L, ed. Cutaneous Investigation in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989:215–40. .
- 51 Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001. , , , , eds.
- 52 Handbook of Non‐Invasive Methods and the Skin, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, 2006. , , , eds.
- 53 The chronic effects of repeated mechanical trauma to the skin. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:257–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 54 The cleavage lines of the skin. Br J Surg 1941;29:234–40. Cross Ref link .
- 55 Creep vs. stretch: a review of the viscoelastic properties of skin. Ann Plast Surg 1998;41:215–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 56 Biochemical consequences of mechanical forces generated by distention and distortion. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:116–30. Cross Ref link .
- 57 Mechanical stretching increases the number of epithelial cells synthesizing DNA in culture. J Cell Sci 1984;69:35–45. Pubmed link .
- 58 Cyclic stretching stimulates synthesis of matrix components by arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. Science 1976;191:475–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 59 Rabbit cranial sutures in vitro: a new experimental model for studying the response of fibrous joints to mechanical stress. Calcif Tissue Int 1979;28:137–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 60 Effect of strain on human keratinocytes in vitro. J Cell Physiol 1997;173:64–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 61 The effect of mechanical stress on soft and hard tissues. Br J Plast Surg 1988;412:182–6. Cross Ref link , , .
- 62 A comparison of the glycosaminoglycans of weight‐bearing and non‐weight‐bearing human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:257–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 63 Elasticity of soft tissues in simple elongation. Am J Physiol 1967;213:1532–44. Pubmed link .
- 64 Stress stabilisation behaviour in skin under small tensile loads in vitro. Biomed Mater Eng 1995;5:59–63. Pubmed link .
- 65 Mechanical properties of human skin: animal models. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:17–39. .
- 66 Physiopathological variations in the mechanical properties of skin. Arch Dermatol Res 1977;260:231–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Mechanical properties of the skin
- 67 A critical approach to in vivo mechanical testing of the skin. In: Lévêque JL, ed. Cutaneous Investigation in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989:215–40. .
- 68 Mechanical measurements of skin. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1994;185:39–43. Pubmed link .
- 69 Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001. , , , , eds.
- 70 Handbook of Non‐Invasive Methods and the Skin, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006. , , , eds.
- 71 Mechanical properties of human stratum corneum: effects of temperature, hydration, and chemical treatment. Biomaterials 2006;27:785–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 72 Simultaneous determination of the nonlinear‐elastic properties of skin and subcutaneous tissue in unconfined compression tests. Skin Res Technol 2007;13:34–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 73 Hardware and measurement principles: the gas‐bearing electrodynamometer and linear skin rheometer. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:99–109. .
- 74 Hardware and measuring principles: the micro‐indentometer. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:161–78. , .
- 75 The rheology of skin: a bioengineering study of the mechanical properties of human skin in relation to its structure. Br J Dermatol 1965;77:639–49. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 76 A rapid increase in skin extensibility due to prednisolone. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:491–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 77 Two‐dimensional mechanical properties of rabbit skin. I. Experimental model. J Biomech 1974;7:29–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 78 A method of in vivo measurements of the elastic properties of skin. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:321–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 79 Viscoelastic properties of intact human skin, instrumentation, hydration effects and the contribution of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:282–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 80 An experimental method for determining the two‐dimensional mechanical properties of living human skin. Med Biol Eng Comput 1977;15:381–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 81 Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue. New York: Springer, 1981:22–61. , ed.
- 82 In vivo tensile tests on human skin; the extensometers. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:77–90. , , .
- 83 Model of the viscoelastic behaviour of skin in vivo and study of anisotropy. Skin Res Technol 2004;10:96–103. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 84 Stress stabilisation behaviour in skin under small tensile loads in vitro. Biomed Mater Eng 1995;5:59–63. Pubmed link .
- 85 Physiopathological variations in the mechanical properties of skin. Arch Dermatol Res 1977;260:231–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 86 Hardware and basic principles of the dermal torque meter. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:63–76. .
- 87 Physiopathological variations in the mechanical properties of skin. Arch Dermatol Res 1977;260:231–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 88 In vivo measurement of some elastic properties of human skin. In: Marks R, Payne PA, eds. Bioengineering and the Skin. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1988:45–53. , .
- 89 The gas‐bearing electrodynamometer applied to measuring mechanical changes in the skin and other tissues. In: Marks R, Payne PA, eds. Bioengineering and the Skin. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1981:113–22. Cross Ref link .
- 90 Variation with age in elasticity of skin and subcutaneous tissue in human individuals. J Gerontol 1962;17:373–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 91 A new technique for measuring compressibility of skin and subcutaneous tissue: influences of sex, age and body area. Gerontology 1967;13:95–110. Cross Ref link , .
- 92 Characterization of the mechanical properties of skin by inverse analysis combined with the indentation test. J Biomech 2006;39:1603–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 93 Measuring microelastic properties of stratum corneum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006;48:6–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 94 Evaluation des proprietes mechaniques de la peau par les methodes d'indentation et de compression. Dermatologica 1984;168:61–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 95 Suction blisters and dermal–epidermal adherence. J Invest Dermatol 1968;50:308–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 96 Elasticity of human skin in vivo. Biomed Eng 1971;6:567–73. Pubmed link .
- 97 Hardware and measuring principles: the Cutometer®. In: , , , , eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:91–7. , .
- 98 Hardware and measuring principles: the Dermaflex A®. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:111–15. .
- 99 Hardware and measuring principles: the dermagraph in patients with systemic sclerosis and in healthy volunteers. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:123–38. , , , .
- 100 Measurement of the mechanical properties of the skin using the suction test. Skin Res Technol 2006;12:24–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 101 Über die Frequenz‐Leitf higkiet der Menschlichen Haut. Dermatologica 1952;104:135–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 102 A ballistometer for the study of the plasto‐elastic properties. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:315–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 103 Skin elasticity measured by dynamic admittance: a new technique for mechanical measurements in patients with scleroderma. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1985;120:83–7. Pubmed link .
- 104 Hardware and measuring principles: the ballistometer. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:147–59. , .
- 105 The dynamic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. J Biomech 1983;16:365–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 106 Use of a durometer to assess skin hardness. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:47–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 107 Hardware and measuring principles: the durometer. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:139–45. , .
- 108 Influence of ageing on the in vivo extensibility of human skin at low stress. Arch Dermatol Res 1980;269:127–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 109 Mechanical properties of human forearm and vulvar skin. Br J Dermatol 1990;122:607–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 110 Measurement of the mechanical properties of skin with ballistometer and suction cup. Skin Res Technol 2001;7:122–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Determinants of the mechanical properties of the skin
- 111 Rheology of stratum corneum: a molecular interpretation of the stress–strain curve. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1972;23:3–12. , .
- 112 The stratum corneum: some structural and functional correlates. Br J Dermatol 1974;91:507–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 113 Are corneocytes elastic? Dermatologica 1988;176:65–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 114 Mechanical properties of stratum corneum: influence of water and lipids. In: Marks RM, Barton SP, Edwards C, eds. The Physical Nature of the Skin. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1988:155–61. , .
- 115 Measuring microelastic properties of stratum corneum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006;48:6–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 116 Factors which influence the water content of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 1952;18:433–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 117 Viscoelastic properties of intact human skin, instrumentation, hydration effects and the contribution of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:282–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 118 In vivo measurement of the stratum corneum elasticity. Bioeng Skin 1985;1:13–23. , .
- 119 Skin mechanics and hydration In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:199–205. , .
- 120 The influence of water, glycerin, paraffin oil and ethanol on skin mechanics. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1993;73:404–6. , .
- 121 Glutaraldehyde lowers skin friction and enhances its resistance to friction injury. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1973;53:455–9. .
- 122 Measurement of intracorneal cohesion in man using in vivo techniques. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:299–302. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 123 The architectural organisation and function of the macromolecules in the dermis. In: Marks RM, Barton SP, Edwards C, eds. The Physical Nature of the Skin. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1988:163–76. , , .
- 124 The role of elastin in the mechanical properties of skin. J Biomech 1988;21:213–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 125 Relationships between the biomechanical properties, composition and molecular structure of the connective tissues. Connect Tissue Res 1986;15:65–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 126 Crucial role of fibroblast integrins alpha2 and beta1 in maintaining the structural and mechanical properties of the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2007;45:45–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Physiological variation, Pathological variation
- 127 Influence of ageing on the in vivo extensibility of human skin at low stress. Arch Dermatol Res 1980;269:127–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 128 Age‐related mechanical properties of human skin: an in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol 1989;93:353–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 129 Elastic properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region. Arch Dermatol Res 1990;282:283–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 130 Ageing Skin: Properties and Functional Changes. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993. , .
- 131 A critical approach to in vivo mechanical testing of the skin. In: Lévêque JL, ed. Cutaneous Investigation in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989:215–40. .
- 132 Age‐dependent changes in the shear wave propagation through human skin. Exp Gerontol 1989;24:201–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 133 The rheology of skin, a bioengineering study of the mechanical properties of human skin in relation to its structure. Br J Dermatol 1965;77:639–49. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 134 Dermal epidermal separation. I. The influence of age, sex and body region on suction blister formation in human skin. Ann Clin Res 1972;4:10–22. Pubmed link .
- 135 Physiopathological variations in the mechanical properties of skin. Arch Dermatol Res 1977;260:231–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 136 Elasticity of human skin in vivo. Ann Phys Med 1968;10:130–41. .
- 137 The torsional characteristics of human skin in vivo. Biomed Eng 1971;6:567–73. Pubmed link .
- 138 Effects of short‐term hydration on skin extensibility. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1993;73:344–7. , , , et al.
- 139 Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:662–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 140 Effects of aging, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:945–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 141 Mapping mechanic properties of human skin. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:187–97. , .
- 142 Skin mechanical properties present adaptation to man's upright position. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1994;74:188–90. , , , .
- 143 In vivo biomechanics of the fingerpad skin under local tangential traction. J Biomech 2007;40:851–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 144 Frictional properties of human forearm and vulvar skin: influence of age and correlation with transepidermal water loss and capacitance. Dermatologica 1990;181:88–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 145 Racial differences in skin function. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1994;185:44–6. Pubmed link .
- 146 Age‐related changes in the elastic properties and thickness of human facial skin. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:641–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 147 In vivo study of skin mechanical properties in Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin Res Technol 2007;13:91–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 148 Mechanical properties in other dermatological diseases. In: Elsner P, Berardesca E, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:215–27. .
- 149 Skin elasticity measured by dynamic admittance: a new technique for mechanical measurements in patients with scleroderma. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1985;120:83–7. Pubmed link .
- 150 Reproducible measurements to quantify cutaneous involvement in scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1160–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 151 In vivo study of skin mechanical properties in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:436–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 152 Skin tensile strength in scleroderma. In: , , , , eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:207–13. , , , et al.
- 153 Non‐invasive measurement of biomechanical skin properties in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:237–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 154 Treatment of systemic sclerosis with d‐penicillamine: a new method of observing the effects of treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1970;29:153–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 155 Les compartiments conjonctifs dans les sclerodermies: etude de la structure et des propriétes biomechaniques. Dermatologica 1985;170:105–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 156 In vivo study of skin mechanical properties in scleroderma of Buschke. Aca Derm Venereol 1998;78:103–6. Cross Ref link .
- 157 Biomechanical measurement of skin distensibility in scleroderma of Buschke associated with multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:247–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 158 A rapid increase in skin extensibility due to prednisolone. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:491–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 159 Iatrogenic alterations of the biomechanical properties of human skin. Br J Dermatol 1978;98:113–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 160 Mechanical properties of the diabetic waxy skin. Dermatology 1996;192:11–22. , , , et al.
- 161 Skin tensile properties in patients treated for acromegaly. Dermatology 2002;204:325–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 162 Effects of long term photo‐chemotherapy on the dermis. J Invest Dermatol 1977;68:249–50. , , .
- 163 Influence of PUVA treatment on the thickness and elastic properties of the skin. Bioeng Skin 1985;1:245–51. , , , et al.
- 164 Photosclerosis induced by long‐wave ultraviolet light and psoralens. In: Marks R, Payne PA, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1981:75–82. , , , .
- 165 A method of in vivo measurements of the elastic properties of skin. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:321–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 166 Gravitational syndrome and tensile properties of skin in the elderly. Dermatology 1998;197:317–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 167 Evaluation of skin viscoelasticity in type 1 neurofibromatosis patients. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2006;19:22–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 168 Mechanical pulse propogation in gel, normal and oedematous tissues. J Biomech 1992;25:1213–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 169 Influence of chronic haemodialysis on the mechanical properties of skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:130–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 170 Cutaneous extensibility in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Br J Dermatol 1975;92:679–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 171 Physical properties of the skin in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1969;28:246–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 172 Histopathological aid to the diagnosis of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, gravis and mitis types. Int J Dermatol 1983;22:300–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 173 Mechanical properties of skin in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, types I, II and III. Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13:464–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 174 Cutaneous manifestations and consequences of smoking. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:717–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Effects of friction
- 175 Studies on blisters produced by friction. I. Results of linear rubbing and twisting techniques. J Invest Dermatol 1966;47:456–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 176 Skin and friction: deviations from Amonton's laws, and the effects of hydration and lubrication. Br J Dermatol 1971;84:37–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 177 A hand‐held friction meter. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:33–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 178 In vivo skin friction measurements. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1977;28:37–51. .
- 179 Mechanical considerations of skin at work. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:463–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 180 Measurements of friction injuries in man. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:473–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 181 Dermatitis from repeated trauma to the skin. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:307–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 182 The effects of wearing diapers on the skin. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:95–101. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 183 An investigation of human skin friction and the effects of materials, prick force and moisture. Ergonomics 1988;31:317–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 184 Friction, capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dry atopic and normal skin. Br J Dermatol 1992;126:137–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 185 A comparative study of the frictional properties of emollient bath additives using porcine skin. Br J Dermatol 1994;130:37–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 186 Skin friction measurement. In: Berardesca E, Elsner P, Wilhelm K‐P, Maibach HI, eds. Bioengineering of the Skin: Methods and Instrumentation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995:120–3. .
- 187 Friction coefficient of skin in real‐time. Skin Res Technol 2003;9:235–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 188 Frictional properties of skin. J Invest Dermatol 1977;69:303–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 189 Skin friction coefficient: changes induced by hydration and emollient application and correlation with perceived skin feel. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1981;32:55–65. , , , et al.
- 190 In vivo friction properties of human skin. Prosthet Orthot Int 1999;23:135–41. Pubmed link , .
- 191 The skin surface and friction. Br J Dermatol 1955;67:239–48. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 192 Frictional properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region, stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss. Br J Dermatol 1990;123:473–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 193 Skin surface lipid and skin friction: relation to age, sex and anatomical region. Skin Pharmacol 1995;8:246–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Callosities, corns and calluses
- 194 Callosities, corns and calluses. BMJ 1996;312:1403–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 195 Plantar pressures are higher under callused regions of the foot in older people. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32:375–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 196 The Chinese foot‐binding syndrome: observations on the history and sequelae of wearing ill‐fitting shoes. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:322–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 197 Relation between heel position and the distribution of forefoot plantar pressures and skin callosities in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1996;55:806–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 198 The association between callus formation, high pressures and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulceration. Diabet Med 1996;13:979–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 199 The measurement of pressures under the foot. Foot Ankle 1982;3:130–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 200 Abnormal biomechanics of feet and their cause of hyperkeratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:1061–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 201 Biomechanics. In: Helal B, Rowley DI, Crachiolo A, III, Myerson M, eds. Surgery of Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. London: Martin Dunitz, 1996:37–46. .
- 202 Plantar pressure assessment. Phys Ther 2000;80:399–409. Pubmed link , .
- 203 Crossed‐leg callosities. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1985;65:559–61. , .
- 204 Talar callosity: a little‐recognised common entity. Clin Exp Dermatol 1991;16:118–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 205 Callus formation is associated with hyperproliferation and incomplete differentiation of keratinocytes, and increased expression of adhesion molecules. Br J Dermatol 2010;163(3):495–501. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 206 Hereditary callosities with blisters. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:409–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 207 Hereditary painful callosities with associated features. Dermatology 1996;193:47–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 208 Occupational Marks and Other Physical Signs: a Guide to Personal Identification. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1968. , ed.
- 209 Occupation marks. Practitioner 1973;210:507–12. Pubmed link .
- 210 An occupational mark of screwdriver operators. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 211 Dermatoses acquired by solid‐waste handlers. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:363–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 212 Finger calluses in bulimia. Am J Psychiatry 1985;5:655. , .
- 213 Bulimia nervosa: an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:429–48. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 214 Cigarette lighter thumb. Am J Med 2001;110:506. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 215 Peculiar forehead mark from praying. Int J Dermatol 1981;20:133. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 216 Prayer nodules. Clin Exp Dermatol 1979;4:39–47. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 217 Prayer nodules in Muslim men. Cutis 1986;38:281–6. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 218 Prayer marks. Int J Dermatol 2002;41:411–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 219 Foot pressure measurement: history and development. In: Helal B, Rowley DI, Crachiolo A, III, Myerson M, eds. Surgery and Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. London: Martin Dunitz, 1996:123–38. , .
- 220 The effect of regular callus removal on foot pressures. J Foot Ankle Surg 1999;38:251–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 221 The Foot. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1986. Cross Ref link , ed.
- 222 Surgery and Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. London: Martin Dunitz, 1996. , , , .
- 223 Study of straight metatarsal osteotomy for the treatment of plantar callosities. Ann Chir Gynaecol 2000;89:309–12. Pubmed link , , .
- 224 Surgical treatment for hallux valgus with painful plantar callosities. Foot Ankle Int 2001;22:203–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 225 Oblique metatarsal osteotomy for intractable plantar keratosis: 10‐year follow‐up. Foot Ankle Int 1998;19:351–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 226 Injectable silicone and the foot: a 41‐year clinical and histologic history. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:1555–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 227 Athlete's nodules: treatment by excision. Sports Med 1990;10:198–203. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 228 Effectiveness of scalpel debridement for painful plantar calluses in older people: a randomized trial. Trials 2013;14:243. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 229 Debridement of plantar callosities in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44(2):207–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 230 Debridement of painful forefoot plantar callosities in rheumatoid arthritis: the CARROT randomised controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 2013;32(5):567–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 231 New alternative in treatment of callus. J Dermatol 2011; 38(2):146–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Friction blisters
- 232 Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice‐hockey players and speed skaters: part I – mechanical dermatoses. Sports Med 2011;41(9):709–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 233 Blisters on the battlefield: the prevalence of and factors associated with foot friction blisters during Iraqi Freedom I. Mil Med 2012;177(2):157–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 234 Friction blisters as a manifestation of pathomimia. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1975;55:65–71. , .
- 235 Autoradiographic study of friction blisters. Arch Dermatol 1969;99:94–106. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 236 Occupational dermatitis from physical causes. Clin Dermatol 1992;10:231–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 237 Efficacy of antiperspirants on feet. Mil Med 1992;157:256–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 238 Treatment of recurrent bullous eruption of the hands and feet (Weber–Cockayne disease) with topical aluminium chloride. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:1095–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 239 Control of plantar blisters in pachyonychia congenita with topical aluminium chloride. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:451–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 240 Aluminium chloride hexahydrate and blistering in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:930–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 241 Effects of an antiperspirant with emollients on foot‐sweat accumulation and blister formation while walking in the heat. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:626–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 242 Influence of an antiperspirant on foot blister incidence during cross‐country hiking. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:202–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 243 Friction blisters. Physician Sports Med 1982;10:84–92. .
- 244 The Immediate Effects of Heat on Unacclimatized Paratroops. Exercise ‘Tiger Brew II’. Farnborough, UK: Army Operational Research Establishment, Memorandum no. 16/62, 1963. , .
- 245 A Study of Foot Blisters. Farnborough, UK: Army Operational Research Establishment, Memorandum no. 16/64, 1964. .
- 246 The Effects of Two New Foot Powders on the Incidence of Foot Infection and Blisters in Recruits During Basic Training. Farnborough, UK: Army Personnel Research Establishment, Memorandum no. P/6, 1967. .
- 247 Insole to reduce shear forces on the sole of the feet. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1968;49:476–9. Pubmed link , .
- 248 New insole for prevention of athletic blisters. J Sports Med 1968;8:177–80. , .
- 249 Effects of insoles in coastguard basic training footwear. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1985;75:644–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 250 Friction blisters and sock fiber composition. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1990;80:63–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 251 Influence of boot‐sock systems on frequency and severity of foot blisters. Mil Med 1995;161:594–8. , , , et al.
- 252 Foot blister risk factors in an ROTC summer camp population. Mil Med 1994;159:130–5. Pubmed link , , .
- 253 Treatment of friction blisters: an experimental study. Arch Dermatol 1968;97:717–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 254 The effect of occlusive dressings on collagen synthesis and re‐epithelialization in superficial wounds. J Surg Res 1983;35:142–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 255 Pressure sore management efficacy of a moisture reactive occlusive dressing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984;65:567–600. , , .
- 256 A prospective analysis of the treatment of friction blisters with 2‐octylcyanoacrylate. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2006;96:232–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Black heel and palm
- 257 Calcaneal petechiae. Arch Dermatol 1961;83:501. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 258 Black heel. Trans St John's Hosp Derm Soc Lond 1965;51:80–4. , .
- 259 Benzidine stain for the histochemical detection of hemoglobin in splinter hemorrhage (subungual hematoma) and black heel. Am J Dermatopathol 1995;17:362–7. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 260 Pseudo‐chromidrose eccrine intra‐cornée. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syph 1963;70:402–3. , .
- 261 Plantar pseudochromidrosis simulating malignant melanoma. Acta Dermatol Venereol 1967;47:255–8. , .
- 262 Black heel: a minor hazard of sport. Cutis 1977;20:393–6. Pubmed link .
- 263 Pigmented palmar petechiae. Arch Dermatol 1974;109:261. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 264 Black heel with atypical melanocytic hyperplasia. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18:437–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 265 In vivo observations of magnified features of pigmented lesions on volar skin using video microscope. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:248–304. Cross Ref link , , .
Skin reactions to musical instruments
- 266 Skin conditions in instrumental musicians: a self‐reported survey. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(4):217–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 267 Dermatologic problems of musicians. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:657–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 268 Dermatitis in a musician. Part III. Injuries caused by specific musical instruments. Cutis 1998;62:261–2. Pubmed link .
- 269 Contact dermatitis and other skin conditions in instrumental musicians. BMC Dermatol 2004;4:3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 270 Dermatitis in a musician. Part I. Allergic contact dermatitis. Cutis 1998;62:167–8. Pubmed link .
- 271 Dermatitis in a musician. Part II. Injuries to skin, soft tissue, and bone from musical instruments. Cutis 1998;62:214–15. Pubmed link .
- 272 Dermatological problems of musicians: a prospective study in musical students. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007;134:445–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 273 Allergy and skin diseases in musicians. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 2003;35:52–5. , , , et al.
- 274 Fiddler's neck. Br J Dermatol 1978;98:669–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 275 The edema of fiddler's neck. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979;1:538–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 276 Fiddler's neck in a child. J Pediatr 1988;113:89–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 277 Development of Garrod's pads in the fingers of a professional violinist. Ann Rheum Dis 1987;46:169–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 278 Paget–Schrotter syndrome in a viola player. Med Probl Perform Art 1988;3:24–5. , , , et al.
- 279 Occupational Skin Disease. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1983:421–2.
- 280 Guitar nipple [Letter]. BMJ 1974;2:226. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 281 Musical bumps. BMJ 1974;2:504. Cross Ref link , .
- 282 Occupational acro‐osteolysis in a guitar player. Acta Derm Venéréol (Stockh) 1993;73:64–5. , .
- 283 Cellist's chest. N Engl J Med 1962;266:348. Cross Ref link .
- 284 ‘Cello scrotum’ questioned [Letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:665. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 285 Clarinettist's cheilitis. BMJ 1978;2:1295. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 286 Clarinettist's cheilitis. Cutis 1986;38:183–4. Pubmed link , .
- 287 Flautist's chin [Letter]. BMJ 1978;2:1023. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 288 Rupture of the orbicularis oris in trumpet players (Satchmo's syndrome). Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;69:690–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 289 Dermatologic problems of musicians. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:321. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 290 Dermatologic problems of musicians: iatrogenic black dermographism. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:519. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
- 291 Hypothenar hammer syndrome: post‐traumatic digital ischaemia. Surgery 1970;68:1122–8. Pubmed link , , .
- 292 Hypothenar hammer syndrome. J Hand Surg 1999;24:731–4. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 293 Hypothena hammer syndrome in workers occupationally exposed to vibrating tools. J Hand Surg 1993;18:761–6. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 294 Hypothenar hammer syndrome: a multicenter case‐control study. Am J Ind Med 2013;56(11):1352–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 295 Hypothenar hammer syndrome: proposed etiology. J Vasc Surg 2000;31:104–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 296 Hypothenar hammer syndrome: an uncommon cause of digital ischemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:880–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 297 Hypothenar hammer syndrome: a discrete syndrome to be distinguished from hand‐arm vibration syndrome. Occup Med (Lond) 2003;53:320–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 298 Diagnosis of the hypothenar hammer syndrome by high‐resolution contrast‐enhanced MR angiography. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2457–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Achenbach syndrome
- 299 A case of Achenbach's syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18:60–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 300 Achenbach's syndrome revisited. Vasa 2012;41(5):366–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 301 Paroxysmal finger haematomas (Achenbach's syndrome) with angiographic abnormalities. J Hand Surg (Br) 2002;27:391–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Other reactions to mechanical injury
Spectacle‐frame acanthoma
- 302 Granuloma fissuratum of the ear. Arch Dermatol 1965;94:621–2. Cross Ref link .
- 303 Acanthoma fissuratum: histopathology and review of the literature. Cutis 1979;24:225–9. Pubmed link , .
- 304 Granuloma fissuratum of the nose. Arch Dermatol 1968;97:34–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 305 Spectacle frame acanthoma. Trans St John's Hosp Dermatol Soc 1974;60:99–102. , , .
- 306 Acanthoma fissuratum: spectacle frame acanthoma. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1975;55:485–8. , .
- 307 Bilateral spectacle frame acanthoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:503–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Semicircular lipoatrophy
- 308 Acute panniculitis: a clinical and histopathologic study of 34 cases. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:909–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 309 Subcutaneous pseudomembranous fat necrosis: new observations. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:5–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 310 Ein Beitrag zur band Formig circularen Atrophien del subcutanen Fettgewebes in Extremitatenbereich. Hautzart 1974;25:222–7. , .
- 311 Lipoatrophia semicircularis: a traumatic panniculitis – report of cases and review of literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:879–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 312 Lipoatrophy semicircularis induced by trauma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:269–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 313 Lipoatrophia semicircularis: a compressive lipoatrophy consecutive to persistent mechanical pressure. J Dermatol 2007;34:390–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 314 Semicircular lipoatrophy in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus after subcutaneous injections with methotrexate. Pediatr Dermatol 2002;19:432–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Acne mechanica
- 315 Acne mechanica. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:481–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 316 Acne mechanica in athletes. Cutis 1992;50:125–8. Pubmed link .
- 317 Acne mechanica. BMJ 1976;i:130. , , .
- 318 Cane mechanica due to an orthopedic crutch. Cutis 1999;64:97–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 319 Acne conglobata of the buttocks aggravated by mechanical and environmental factors. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:462–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 320 Pediatric Sports Medicine for Primary Care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002. , , .
Traumatic effects of sports
- 321 Dermatologic disorders of the athlete. Sports Med 2002;32:309–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 322 Diagnosis of sports‐related dermatoses. Int J Dermatol 2004;43:113–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 323 Skin manifestations of running. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:290–301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 324 Survey of wheelchair athletic injuries: common patterns and prevention. Paraplegia 1985;23:170–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 325 Sports medicine for wheelchair athletes. Am Fam Physician 1989;39:239–45. Pubmed link , .
- 326 Infectious diseases in sports. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:431–8. Cross Ref link .
- 327 Transmission of cutaneous infections in athletes. Br J Sports Med 2000;34:413–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 328 Grappling with herpes: herpes gladiatorum. Am J Sports Med 1988;16:665–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 329 Molluscum contagiosum among cross‐country runners. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:519–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 330 An outbreak of tinea corporis gladiatorum on a high school wrestling team. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:197–201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 331 Tinea gladiatorum. Sports Med 2000;29:439–47. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 332 Common hand warts in athletes: association with trauma to the hand. J Am Coll Health 1995;44:125–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 333 An outbreak of furunculosis among high school athletes. Am J Sports Med 1989;17:828–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 334 An outbreak of mud‐wrestling‐induced pustular dermatitis in college students. JAMA 1993;269:502–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 335 Sports‐related cutaneous reactions. II. Allergic contact dermatitis to sports equipment. Cutis 1999;63:203. .
- 336 Contact dermatitis in athletes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:1048–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 337 Cutaneous allergic reactions induced by sporting activities. Sports Med 2003;33:699–708. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 338 Cutaneous manifestations of sports participation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:448–59. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 339 Leucocytoclastic vasculitis induced by prolonged exercise. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:915–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 340 Black heel: a minor hazard of sport. Cutis 1977;20:393–6. Pubmed link .
- 341 Pigmented palmar petechiae (black palm). Arch Dermatol 1974;109:261. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 342 Jogger's petechiae. N Engl J Med 1968;279:109. Pubmed link .
- 343 Pingpong patches. Cutis 1989;43:363–5. Pubmed link , .
- 344 Annular purpura and step aerobics. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:418. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 345 Tennis shoe. Arch Dermatol 1973;107:918. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 346 Jogger's toe. Int J Dermatol 1978;17:719–20. Pubmed link .
- 347 Golfer's nails. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:857–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 348 Skin injuries in sports medicine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:1257–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 349 Skin diseases of football and wrestling participants. Cutis 1977;20:333–41. Pubmed link , .
- 350 Martial arts injuries: the results of a 5 year national survey. Am J Sports Med 1988;16:408–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 351 Skateboard injuries: a preliminary report. BMJ 1977;ii:1636. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 352 Turf toe injury. Clin Sports Med 1994;13:731–41. Pubmed link , .
- 353 Turf toe: an acute inflammatory response to athletic activity on artificial playing surfaces. J Am Podiatr Med 1978;68:512–14. Cross Ref link , .
- 354 Jogger's nipples. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1127. Pubmed link .
- 355 Bicyclist's nipples. JAMA 1983;249:2457. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 356 Pulling boat hands: a unique dermatosis from coastal New England. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:649–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 357 Rower's rump. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:890–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 358 Surfer's nodules and other complications of surf‐boarding. JAMA 1977;167:134–6. , .
- 359 Athlete's nodules: sport‐related connective tissue nevi of the collagen type (collagenomas). Cutis 1992;50:131–5. Pubmed link , , .
- 360 Sports‐related pads. Int J Dermatol 2002;41:291–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 361 Acquired coccygeal nodule due to repeated stimulation by a bicycle saddle. Dermatology 1995;22:365–9. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 362 Nodular lesion on the sacrococcygeal area in a bicycle rider. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:1124–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 363 Acne mechanica in athletes. Cutis 1992;50:125–8. Pubmed link .
- 364 Prevalence of acne keloidalis nuchae in football players. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:570–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 365 Skin conditions of baseball, cricket and softball players. Sports Med 2013;43(7):575–89. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 366 Skin injuries in sports medicine [Letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:152. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 367 Judo‐jogger's itch. N Engl J Med 1979;300:866. Pubmed link .
- 368 Pool palms. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:111. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 369 Mogul skier's palm: traumatic hypothenar ecchymosis. Cutis 1992;50:117. Pubmed link .
- 370 Dermatologic stigmata in sports: weight lifting. Cutis 1992;50:141–5. Pubmed link , , .
- 371 Dermatologic aspects of sports medicine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:415–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 372 Physical and chemical properties of skin in habitually trained and sedentary men. Br J Dermatol 1978;99:147–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 373 Painful feet due to herniations of fat. JAMA 1968;205:308–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 374 Muscle hernia in a recreational athlete. Orthop Rev 1993;22:1246. Pubmed link , .
Foreign body reaction
- 375 Experimental haematogenous infection of subcutaneously implanted foreign bodies. Scand J Infect Dis 1985;17:303–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 376 Foreign bodies in sarcoidosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2000;22:408–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 377 Cutaneous reaction from a broken thermometer. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:915–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 378 Blackthorn inflammation. J Bone Joint Surg 1966;48B:474–7. .
- 379 Ferruginous foreign body. A clinical stimulant of melanoma with distinctive histologic features. Am J Dermatopathol 2002;24:396–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 380 Soft tissue radiography for wooden foreign bodies: a worthwhile exercise? Injury 1985;16:402–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 381 Soft tissue foreign bodies. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:1336–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 382 The role of ultrasound in the detection of non‐radio‐opaque foreign bodies. Clin Radiol 1990;41:109–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 383 Radiographic imaging of foreign bodies in the hand. Hand Clin North Am 1991;7:125–34. .
- 384 Ultrasound examination of foreign bodies: an in vitro investigation. Acta Radiol Diagn 1986;27:463–6. Cross Ref link , .
- 385 Detection of foreign bodies in soft tissues: experimental comparison of ultrasonography and xeroradiography. J Trauma 1988;28:400–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 386 Detection of foreign bodies in the hand. J Hand Surg 1991;16:2–11. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 387 Analysis of cutaneous foreign bodies. Clin Dermatol 1991;9:157–78. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 388 A Textbook of Histology, 10th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1975:21–30. , .
- 389 Microprobe analysis in human pathology. Scan Electron Microsc 1985;2:659–80. , , , et al.
- 390 Detection and management of foreign bodies in soft tissues. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1992;4:767–81. , .
- 391 Foreign body localization and retrieval in the foot. J Foot Surg 1981;20:33–4. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 392 Golf club granuloma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:1047–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 393 Implantation dermatoses. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1974;54:61–4. , .
- 394 Pathology of granulomatous diseases: epithelioid granulomas. II. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:306–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 395 Cactus granulomas of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1955;72:566–9. Cross Ref link , .
- 396 Cactus bristle implantation: report of an unusual case initially seen with rows of yellow hairs. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:152–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 397 Cactus spine injuries. Am J Emerg Med 1988;6:362–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 398 Phaeomycotic cyst: a case with a lesion containing a wooden splinter. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:1209–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 399 Association of splinters with chromomycosis and phaeomycotic cyst [Letter]. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:168. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 400 Sea‐urchin sarcoidal granuloma. Br J Dermatol 1965;77:335–43. Pubmed link .
- 401 Persistent ‘insect bites’ (dermal eosinophilic granulomas) simulating lymphoblastomas, histiocytoses, and squamous cell carcinomas. Am J Pathol 1948;24:367–75. Pubmed link .
- 402 High pressure injection injuries of the hand. J Trauma 1980;20:229–38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 403 Silica granulomas secondary to explosion of a land mine. Cutis 1987;40:41–3. Pubmed link , , .
- 404 Blast tattoos resulting from black powder firearms. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:819–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 405 Amalgam tattoos of the oral soft tissue. Ear Nose Throat J 1984;63:416–22. Pubmed link , , .
- 406 The use of elemental microanalysis in verification of the composition of presumptive amalgam tattoo. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44:628–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 407 Sarcoid granulomas of the skin produced by acrylic and nylon fibres. Br J Dermatol 1977;96:673–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 408 Fourier transform infrared microscopic identification of foreign materials in time sections. Lab Invest 1992;66:123–30. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 409 Foreign body injuries of the hand. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1985;3:383–90. Pubmed link .
- 410 Subungual trichogranuloma in a hairdresser. Cutis 1988;42:105–6. Pubmed link .
- 411 Retained foreign body: a fingernail fragment? J Emerg Med 1993;11:259–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 412 Beryllium disease. Postgrad Med J 1988;64:511–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 413 Cutaneous silica granuloma. Arch Dermatol 1991;127:692–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 414 Silicone granulomas: report of three cases and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 1985;16:19–27. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 415 Treatment site reactions to Zyderm collagen implantation. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1983;9:377–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 416 Histologic responses to collagen implants in human volunteers: comparison of Zyderm collagen with Zyplant implant. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1988;14(Suppl. 1):35–8. Cross Ref link .
- 417 Localized reactions to injected therapeutic materials. I. Medical agents. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:193–214. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 418 Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia. Arch Pathol 1977;101:321–6. , .
- 419 Paraffinomas of the breast. J R Coll Surg Edin 1983;28:260–3. , .
- 420 Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the penis: chemical analysis of lipid from lesional tissue. J Urol 1985;133:1046–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 421 Pathology of granulomatous diseases: foreign body granulomas. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:531–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 422 Human tissue reaction to sutures. Ann Surg 1975;181:144–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 423 Talc granuloma identified by X‐ray microanalysis. JAMA 1978;239:2371–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 424 Starch granulomas. Arch Dermatol 1973;107:101–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 425 Analysis of cutaneous foreign bodies. Clin Dermatol 1991;9:149–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 426 Zinc‐induced granuloma: a unique complication of insulin therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:227–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 427 Aluminium hydroxide granulomas: light and electron microscopic studies and X‐ray microanalysis. Br J Dermatol 1982;107:103–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 428 Persistent subcutaneous nodules in patients hyposensitized with aluminium‐containing allergen extracts. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1421–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 429 Localized reactions to injected therapeutic materials. II. Surgical agents. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:289–303. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 430 Reactions following intralesional and sublesional injections of corticosteroids. JAMA 1962;182:613–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 431 Unusual cutaneous reactions to injections of corticosteroids. Am J Dermatopathol 1982;4:199–203. Pubmed link , , , .
- 432 Steroid‐induced ‘granulomas’ in hypertrophic scar. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1983;63:560–3. .
- 433 Povidone panniculitis. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:704–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 434 Cutaneous and subcutaneous polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) storage disease [Abstract]. J Cutan Pathol 1989;16:318. , , .
- 435 Hypodermite sclerodermiforme lombo‐fessiere induite par injection de vitamin K. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1975;82:448–9. .
- 436 Cutaneous and venous complications of pentazocine abuse. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:975–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 437 Cutaneous foreign body granulomas associated with intravenous drug abuse. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:869–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 438 Dermatopathology of narcotic addiction. Hum Pathol 1972;3:37–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 439 Multiple subcutaneous abscesses produced by the hypodermic injection of feces. South Med J 1949;42:402–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
Specific foreign body reactions
Paraffinoma
- 440 Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia: ultrastructural study. Br J Dermatol 1981;105:451–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 441 Paraffinoma of the male breast. Acta Chir Plast 1991;33:163–5. Pubmed link , .
- 442 Orbital and palpebral paraffinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:833–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 443 Paraffinoma of the periorbit: a challenge for the oculoplastic surgeon. Ophthalm Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;11:39–43. Cross Ref link , , .
- 444 Periocular petrolatum. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;21:23–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 445 MR imaging of breast paraffinomas. Am J Radiol 1999;173:929–32. , , , .
Sclerodermiform reaction to vitamin K and vitamin B12 injections
- 446 Vitamin K‐induced localised scleroderma (morphea) with linear deposition of IgA in the basement membrane zone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:322–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 447 Subcutaneous sclerosis with fasciitis and eosinophilia after phytonadione injection. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:1421–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 448 Hypodermite sclérodermiforme lombo‐fessière induite par injection de vitamin K1. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1975;82:448–9. .
- 449 Sclerodermatous skin reaction after vitamin K injections. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31:45–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 450 Pseudoscleroderma and sclerodermiform states. Ann Intern Med 1984;135:615–23. , , , .
- 451 Vitamin B12‐associated localized scleroderma and its treatment. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:1252–5. Pubmed link , , .
Pentazocine ulcers
- 452 Diagnostic clinical features of pentazocine‐induced ulcers. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:910–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , et al.
- 453 Pentazocine induced widespread cutaneous and myo‐fibrosis. J Dermatol 1999;26:368–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Reactions to intralesional corticosteroids
- 454 Reactions following intralesional and sublesional injections of corticosteroids. JAMA 1962;182:613–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 455 Unusual cutaneous reactions to injections of corticosteroids. Am J Dermatopathol 1982;4:199–203. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 456 Granulomatous response to anaebolic steroid injections. Acta Dermatovenerol Corat 2011;19(2):103–6. , , , .
Reactions to silicone
- 457 Injectable fluid silicone therapy: human morbidity and mortality. JAMA 1975;234:308–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 458 Localized reaction to injected therapeutic materials. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:289–303. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 459 Severe migratory granulomatous reactions to silicone gel in three patients. J Rheumatol 1999;26:699–704. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 460 Medical‐grade fluid silicone: a monographic review. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1977;3:597–611. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 461 Rupture of silicone‐gel breast implants: causes, sequelae, and diagnosis. Lancet 1997;350:1531–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 462 Silicone granuloma on the entry points of acupuncture, venepuncture and surgical needles. J Cutan Pathol 2000;27:301–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 463 Acupuncture granulomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:225–6. Cross Ref link , .
- 464 Subcutaneous nodules on the face. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:93–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 465 Silicone granulomas and sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:904. Pubmed link , .
- 466 Minocycline for the treatment of cutaneous silicone granulomas. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:985–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 467 Granulomatous reaction to silicone injection. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012;5(7):44–7. Pubmed link , , ,
Fibreglass dermatitis
- 468 Allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin finished glass fibre. Contact Dermatitis 1979;5:190. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 469 Fibreglass dermatitis. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1970;31:12–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 470 Fiberglass dermatitis. Am J Ind Med 1985;8:395–400. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 471 Patch testing with mineral wool (rock‐wool). Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1977;57:257–60. , .
- 472 The histopathology of fibre‐glass dermatitis in relation to von Hebra's concept of eczema. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:88–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Complications of tattoos
- 473 Tattoos: marked for life. BMJ 1991;303:380. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 474 Skin Deep. London: Davies, 1974. , , eds.
- 475 Blast tattoos resulting from black powder firearms. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:819–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 476 Monsel solution tattooing [Letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:753–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 477 Monsel's solution: a histologic nuisance. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:492–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 478 Earring‐induced localised iron tattoo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:788–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 479 Tattoos and body piercings in the United States: a national data set. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:413–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 480 Angres permalid‐liner method: a new surgical procedure. Ann Ophthalmol 1984;16:145–6. Pubmed link .
- 481 In vitro quantitative chemical analysis of tattoo pigments. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:143–7. Pubmed link , , , .
- 482 Histologic reactions in tattoos. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1979;5:896–900. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 483 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among tattoo recipients – Ohio, Kentucky and Vermont, 2004–2005. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55:677–9.
- 484 An outbreak of hepatitis B from tattooing. Lancet 1979;ii:86–8. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 485 Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in a low‐risk population. Hepatology 2006;44:341–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 486 Tattooing and transfusion‐transmitted diseases in Brazil: a hospital‐based cross‐sectional matched study. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:441–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 487 Molluscum contagiosum, an unusual complication of tattooing. BMJ 1982;285:607. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 488 Verruca vulgaris inoculated during tattoo placement. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:796–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 489 Sarcoidosis presenting in tattoos. Clin Exp Dermatol 1976;1:395–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 490 Sarcoidosis presenting with a granulomatous reaction confined to red tattoos. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17:446–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 491 Uveitis and skin tattoos. Eye 1994;8:602–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 492 Cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis in association with tattoos. Cutis 2005;75:44–8. Pubmed link , , , .
- 493 Red tattoo reactions: X‐ray microanalysis and patch test studies. Br J Dermatol 1991;124:576–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 494 Red tattoo reactions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:508–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 495 Reactions to manganese and cadmium in tattoos. Cutis 1979;23:71–2. Pubmed link , .
- 496 Aluminium‐induced granulomas in a tattoo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:903–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 497 Lichenoid tattoo reactions. Br J Dermatol 1979;100:451–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 498 Lichenoid delayed hypersensitivity reactions in tattoos. J Cutan Pathol 1979;6:59–65. , .
- 499 Pseudolymphomatous reactions to tattoos. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:485–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 500 Immunohistochemical studies of lymphadenosis benigna cutis occurring in a tattoo. Am J Dermatopathol 1988;6:518–23. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 501 Evolution of B‐cell lymphoma from pseudolymphoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1992;14:408–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 502 Reactions to light in yellow tattoos from cadmium sulphide. Arch Dermatol 1963;88:267–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 503 Mercury‐cadmium sensitivity in tattoos. A photoallergic reaction in red pigment. Ann Inten Med 1967;67:984–9. Cross Ref link .
- 504 Perforating granuloma annulare complicating tattoos. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:926–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 505 Early treatment of traumatic tattoo by erbium‐YAG laser. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:219–21. Cross Ref link , , , .
Hair as a foreign body
- 506 Barbers' interdigital hair sinus. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:523–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 507 Interdigital sinuses of barber's hands. J Med Soc N Jersey 1978;75:598–600. , , , et al.
- 508 Interdigital pilonidal sinus in the hand. J Hand Surg 2001;26B:53–5. Cross Ref link , , .
- 509 Pilonidal sinus of the finger pulp. J Hand Surg 2001;26:490–1. Cross Ref link , .
- 510 Subungual trichogranuloma in a hairdresser. Cutis 1988;42:105–6. Pubmed link .
- 511 Subungual hair implantation in hairdressers. Br J Dermatol 1994;130:400–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 512 Barber's hair sinus in a female hairdresser: uncommon manifestion of an occupational dermatosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:209–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 513 Creeping hair: an isolated hair burrowing in the uppermost dermis resembling larva migrans. Dermatology 2006;213:242–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 514 Hair fragments in the skin resembling larva migrans. Br J Dermatol 1975;93:349–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 515 Granulomatosis fistulosa of milkers' hands. Dermatologica 1964;128:38–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 516 Interdigitale pilonidale Sinus an beiden Händen. Dermatol Monat 1970;156:16–22. .
- 517 Pilonidal sinus. BMJ 1992;305:409–12. .
- 518 Surgical treatment of complicated pilonidal disease: limited separate elliptical excision with primary closure. Colorectal Dis 2006;8:704–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 519 Treatment of natal cleft sinus: a prospective clinical and economic evaluation. BMJ 1992;304:1282–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 520 Comparison of three methods in surgical treatment of pilonidal disease. J Surg 2001;71:362–4. , , , .
- 521 Chronic pilonidal disease: a randomised trial with complete 3‐year follow‐up. Br J Surg 1986;72:303–4. Cross Ref link , , .
- 522 Simple and effective surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:701–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 523 Squamous‐cell carcinoma in a pilonidal sinus. Acta Chir Scand 1986;152:703–4. Pubmed link .
- 524 Clinicopathologic characterization of squamous‐cell carcinoma arising from pilonidal disease in association with condylomata acuminatum in HIV‐infected patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1873–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 525 Treatment of malignancy arising in pilonidal disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:60–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 526 A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. J Dermatol 2002;29:757–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 527 Pilonidal sinus of the penis. Br Urol 1996;78:642–58. Cross Ref link , , .
- 528 Acute umbilical sepsis. J Fam Pract 1989;29:205–9. Pubmed link .
- 529 A bizarre facial sinus. Dent Update 1994;21:303–4. Pubmed link .
- 530 Post‐traumatic pilonidal sinus of the face. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:1319–59. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 531 Pilonidal cyst of the breast. Br J Surg 1996;84:781–4. , , .
- 532 Hair‐thread tourniquet syndrome. Pediatrics 1988;83:1007–8. , , , .
- 533 Hair‐thread syndrome. Australas J Dermatol 1990;31:117–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 534 Hair thread touniquet syndrome. J Accid Emerg 1996;13:138–9. Cross Ref link , , .
- 535 Pseudofolliculitis barbae in the miltary: a medical, administrative and social problem. J Natl Med Assoc 1974;66:459–64. Pubmed link , .
- 536 Defining pseudofolliculitis barbae in 2001: a review of the literature and current trends. Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:113–19. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 537 Pseudofolliculitis of the legs. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:507–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 538 Pseudofolliculitis vibrissa. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:368–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 539 Treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae using the long‐pulse Nd:Yag laser on skin types V and VI. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:187–91. , .
- 540 Treatment of pseudofollicultis barbae in skin types IV, V, VI with long‐pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:263–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 541 Fiber implantation for pattern baldness. JAMA 1979;241:146–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 542 Therapy and histopathology of complications from synthetic fiber implants for hair replacement. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:195–204. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 543 Fiber implantation for pattern baldness: a review of complications in 41 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4:278–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 544 A histopathological study of the percutaneous implantation of polyester fibers. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1984;8:67–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 545 Problems associated with synthetic fibre implants for hair replacement (‘NIDO’ process) [Letter]. Med J Aust 1990;152:560. Pubmed link , .
- 546 Complications of artificial hair implantation. J R Soc Med 1994;87:291–2. Pubmed link , .
Other skin injuries
Hand–arm vibration syndrome
- 547 The Stockholm Workshop Scale for the classification of cold‐induced Raynaud's phenomenon in the hand–arm vibration syndrome (revision of the Taylor–Pelmear Scale). Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:275–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 548 The hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS): secondary Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. Proc R Coll Phys Edin 1989;19:7–13. .
- 549 The hand arm vibration syndrome: a review. Cardiovasc Surg 1998;6:1–9. Cross Ref link , , .
- 550 Vibration white finger revisited. J Occup Environ Med 1998;40:9. Cross Ref link .
- 551 Raynaud's phenomenon of fingers and toes among vibration‐exposed patients. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994;57(Suppl.):121–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 552 Risk of hand–arm vibration syndrome according to occupation and sources of exposure to hand‐transmitted vibration: a national survey. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:389–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 553 Hand–arm vibration syndrome may be associated with prolonged use of vibrating computer games. BMJ 2002;324:301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 554 Effects of high‐speed vibrating tools on operators engaged in the aeroplane industry. Occup Med 1946;1:515–50. Pubmed link .
- 555 Vibration: good or bad. Clin Exp Dermatol 1981;6:179–89. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 556 Handbook of Human Vibration. London: Academic Press, 1990. .
- 557 Hand–Arm Vibration: a comprehensive guide for occupational health professionals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. , , .
- 558 Hand‐arm vibration syndrome in Swedish car mechanics. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:287–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 559 Epidemiology of hand–arm vibration syndrome. In: Pelmear PL, Taylor W, Wasserman DE, eds. Hand–Arm Vibration: a comprehensive guide for occupational health professionals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992:105–21. , .
- 560 Foundations of hand‐transmitted vibration standards. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994;57(Suppl.):147–64. Pubmed link .
- 561 Pathophysiology of white fingers in workers using hand‐held vibrating tools. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994;57(Suppl.):87–97. Pubmed link .
- 562 Effect of tobacco use on vibration white finger disease. J Occup Med 1989;30:13–16. , .
- 563 Combined effect of hand–arm vibration and smoking on white finger in different age groups. Arch Complex Environ Stud 1991;3:7–12. , , .
- 564 Acute vascular response to the frequency of vibration transmitted to the hand. Occup Environ Med 2000;54:422–30. Cross Ref link , , .
- 565 Vibration energy absorption (VEA) in human fingers‐hand‐arm system. Med Eng Phys 2004;26:483–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 566 Acute effects of continuous and intermittent vibration on finger circulation. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2004;77:255–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 567 Evaluation of exposure to vibration. In: Cralley LV, Cralley LJ, eds. Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. III. Theory and Rationale of Industrial Hygiene Practice. New York: Wiley Interscience, 1979:465–524. .
- 568 Hand arm vibration syndrome among quarry workers in Vietnam. J Occup Health 2005;47:165–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 569 The clinical features of hand‐arm vibration syndrome in a warm environment – a review of the literature. J Occup Health 2012;54(5):349–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 570 Disorders in workers using hand‐held vibrating tools. In: Pelmear PL, Taylor W, Wasserman DE, eds. Hand–Arm Vibration: a comprehensive guide for occupational health professionals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992:41–76. .
- 571 Histopathologic observations in finger biopsy from 30 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. J Kumamoto Med Soc 1984;58:56–70. , .
- 572 Cutaneous nerve depletion and vibration white finger. J R Soc Med 1994;87:377–81. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 573 Alpha‐adrenoceptors inhibition in patients with vibration white fingers. Kurume Med J 1990;37(Suppl.):595–9. Cross Ref link , .
- 574 Alpha‐adrenoreceptors and cold‐induced vasoconstriction in human finger skin. Am J Physiol 1988;255:1000–3. , , , et al.
- 575 Deficiency of immunoreactive calcitonin gene‐related peptide. J R Soc Med 1994;87:377–81. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 576 Reduced epidermal nerve density among hand‐transmitted vibration‐exposed workers. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48:549–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 577 Reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity of the distal part of the radial nerve among patients with vibration syndrome. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2002;42:113–18. Pubmed link , , .
- 578 Structural nerve changes at wrist level in workers exposed to vibration. Occup Environ Med 1997;54:307–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 579 The pathology of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. In: Taylor W, ed. The Vibration Syndrome. London: Academic Press, 1974:109–28. .
- 580 Pathological changes observed in the finger biopsy of patients with vibration induced white finger. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986;12:280–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 581 Occurrence of intimal thickening of the peripheral arteries in response to local vibration. Br J Ind Med 1987;44:470–5. Pubmed link , , .
- 582 Acrosclerosis associated with vibration: an electron microscopic study. J Cutan Pathol 1980;7:373–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 583 Pathophysiology and classification of the vibration white finger. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000;73:150–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 584 Laser Doppler anemometry distinguishes primary Raynaud phenomenon from VWF syndrome. Microvasc Res 2004;68:203–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 585 Cutaneous responses to endothelin‐1 and histamine in patients with vibration white finger. J Invest Dermatol 1998;110:127–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 586 Endothelial activation and response in patients with hand arm vibration syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 1999;29:577–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 587 Usefulness of blood parameters, especially viscosity, for the diagnosis and elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms of the hand–arm vibration syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:358–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 588 Vibration syndrome and autonomic nervous system. Cent Eur J Public Health 1995;3:11–14. Pubmed link , .
- 589 Vibration stress and the autonomic nervous system. Kurume Med J 1990;37(Suppl.):553–60. , , .
- 590 Sympathetic responses to hand–arm vibration and symptoms of the foot. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994;57(Suppl.):99–111. Pubmed link .
- 591 Raynaud's phenomenon, vibration induced white finger, and difficulties in hearing. Occup Environ Med 2002;59:640–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 592 Effect of hand–arm vibration on inner ear and cardiac functions in man. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994;57(Suppl.):113–19. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 593 Involvement in the central nervous system of patients with vibration syndrome. In: Dupuis H, Christ E, Sandover DJ, et al., eds. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hand–Arm Vibration, Bonn 1992. Essen, Germany: Schriftreihe des Hauptverbandes der Gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, 1992:311–17. , , , et al.
- 594 Hand–arm vibration in the aetiology of hearing loss of lumberjacks. Br J Ind Med 1981;38:281–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 595 Hearing loss of forest workers with vibration induced white finger: a 5 year follow‐up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1989;61:437–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 596 Vibration damage to the hand: clinical presentation, prognosis and length and severity of vibration required. J Hand Surg 2001;5:471–4. Cross Ref link .
- 597 Bone and joint pathology in workers using hand‐held vibratory tools: an overview. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:290–300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 598 Hand–arm vibration syndrome. J Fam Prac 1994;33:180–5. , .
- 599 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and exposure to vibration, repetitive wrist movements and heavy manual work: a case‐referent study. Br J Ind Med 1989;46:43–7. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 600 Carpal tunnel syndrome in vibration disease. Br J Ind Med 1990;47:411–16. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 601 Repetitive trauma and nerve compression. Orthop Clin North Am 1988;19:157–64. Pubmed link , .
- 602 Sensorineural stages of the hand–arm vibration syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:279–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 603 Clinical evaluation. In: Pelmear PL, Taylor W, Wasserman DE, eds. Hand–Arm Vibration: a comprehensive guide for occupational health professionals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992:41–76. , .
- 604 Hand–arm vibration syndrome: clinical evaluation and prevention. J Occup Med 1991;33:1144–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 605 Vibratory angioedema: lesion induction, clinical features, laboratory and ultrastructural findings and response to therapy. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:93–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 606 Angio‐oedeme vibratoire. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 2001;128:750–3. , , .
- 607 Follow up study of vibration‐induced white finger in chain saw operators. Br J Ind Med 1985;42:267–71. Pubmed link , , .
- 608 Long‐term follow‐up study on patients with vibration‐induced white finger (VWF). J Occup Environ Med 2002;44:1203–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 609 How likely is it that Stockholm stage 1 of the hand arm vibration syndrome will progress to stages 2 and 3? Occup Med 1999;49:401–2. Cross Ref link , .
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