Part 11, Reference for Chapter 125: Cutaneous Reactions to Cold and Heat
Skip chapter table of contents and go to main content
Physiological reactions to cold
- 1 Raised plasma endothelin‐1 concentration following cold pressor test. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990;169:217–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 2 Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 1930;15:177–208. .
- 3 The effect of cold on platelets: cold‐induced platelet aggregation. Blood 1971;38:39–48. Pubmed link , .
Diseases caused or aggravated by cold
Frostbite
- 4 Cold exposure injuries to the extremities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008;16:704–15. Pubmed link , , , .
- 5 Tissue freezing and local cold injury. Physiol Rev 1957;37:233–51. Pubmed link .
- 6 Freezing cold injury. Arctic Med Res 1991;50(Suppl. 6):76–9. Pubmed link .
- 7 Microcirculatory studies of frostbite injury. Ann Plast Surg 1998;40:246–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 8 Frostbite. BMJ 1974;i:67–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 9 Retrospective study of 70 cases of severe frostbite lesions: a proposed new classification scheme. Wilderness Environ Med 2001;12:248–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 10 Cold and Frost Injuries. Berlin: Springer, 1981.
- 11 The value of technetium 99 scintigraphy in the prognosis of amputation in severe frostbite injuries of the extremeties: a retrospective study of 92 severe frostbite injuries. J Hand Surg Am 2000;25:969–78. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 12 Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. Wilderness Environ Med 2011;22(2):156–66 Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 13 Reduction of the incidence of amputation in frostbite injury with thrombolytic therapy. Arch Surg 2007;142:546–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 14 Frostbite: pathogenesis and treatment. J Trauma 2000;48:171–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 15 A controlled trial of a prostacyclin and rt‐PA in the treatment of severe frostbite. N Engl J Med 2011;364:189–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
Trench foot
- 16 Trench foot: the medical response in the first world war 1914–18. Wilderness Environ Med 2006;17:282–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 17 Immersion foot. A problem of the homeless in the 1990s. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:785–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 18 Neuropathy in non‐freezing cold injury (trench foot). J Roy Soc Med 1997;90:433–8. Pubmed link , , , .
Perniosis
- 19 Chilblains (perniosis). J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:257–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 20 Clinical characteristics, etiologic associations, laboratory findings, treatment, and proposal of diagnostic criteria of pernio (chilblains) in a series of 104 patients at Mayo Clinic, 2000 to 2011. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89(2):207–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 21 Perniosis in association with anorexia nervosa. Paediatr Dermatol 1994;11:1–5. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 22 Chilblain lupus erythematosus (Hurtchinson). Br J Dermatol 1978;98:497–506. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 23 Pernio: a possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:1048–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 24 Acrocyanosis and perniosis: an investigation of cutaneous neuronal and endothelial peptides in digital skin. Skin Pharmacol 1994;7:156. , , , .
- 25 Perniosis: a histopathological review. Clin Exp Dermatol 1981;6:263–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 26 A histologic and immunohistochemical study of chilblains. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:924–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 27 Equestrian cold panniculitis in women. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:1025–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 28 Chilblain lupus erythematosus – a review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 2008;27:949–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 29 Pernio: a possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:1048–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 30 The chilblain‐like eruption as a diagnostic clue to the blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:S42–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 31 Papular perniosis mimicking erythema multiforme. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:527–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 32 The treatment of chilblains with nifedipine. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:267–75. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 33 Chilblain lupus erythematosus Hutchinson: successful treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:235–6. Pubmed link , .
Acrocyanosis
- 34 Paraneoplastic acral vascular syndrome: epidemiologic features, clinical manifestations and disease sequelae. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:47–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 35 Acrocyanosis: the Flying Dutchman. Vasc Med 2011;16(4):288–301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 36 Vascular reactions in acrocyanosis. Angiology 1966;17:269–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 37 Acrocyanosis and perniosis: an investigation of cutaneous neural and endothelial peptides in digital skin. Skin Pharmacol 1994;7:563–73. , , , .
- 38 Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is caused by mutations in ETHE1, a gene encoding a mitochondrial matrix protein. Am J Hum Genet 2004;74:239–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Erythrocyanosis
- 39 BMJ 1936;1(3925):629–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
Livedo reticularis
- 40 The Histopathology of the Diseases of the Skin (Walker N, transl.). Edinburgh: Clay, 1896.
- 41 The histopathological characteristics of livedo reticularis. J Cutan Pathol 2009;36(12):1275–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 42 Hereditary cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Pediatrics 1982;70:32–3. Pubmed link .
- 43 Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: report of 22 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:1098–104. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 44 Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:895–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 45 Livedo reticularis and migraine: a marker for stroke risk? Headache 2002;42:352–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 46 The cutaneous manifestations of cholesterol crystal embolization. Arch Dermatol 1986;112:1194–8. Cross Ref link , , .
- 47 Cholesterol embolization syndrome: cutaneous histopathological features and the variable onset of symptoms in patients with different risk factors. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:511–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 48 Primary oxalosis with livedo reticularis. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:213–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 49 Livedo reticularis, ulcers and peripheral gangrene: cutaneous manifestations of primary hyperoxaluria. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1272–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 50 Pentazocine ulcers. J R Soc Med 1982;75:903–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 51 Idiopathic thrombocythemia. Cutaneous manifestations. Arch Dermatol 1963;87:302–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 52 Microvascular occlusive lesions in primary thrombocythaemia. Br J Haematol 1977;36:553–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 53 Cutaneous vascular calcification, gangrene and hyperparathyroidism. Br J Dermatol 1970;83:263–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 54 Calciphylaxis, a poorly understood clinical syndrome: more case reports and a review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg 2001;15:470–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Raynaud phenomenon
- 55 On local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities. In:Barlow T (transl.). Selected Monographs, Vol. 121. London: New Sydenham Society, 1888. .
- 56 Raynaud's phenomenon. Med Press Circ 1901;72:403–5. .
- 57 Raynaud's disease: a critical review of the minimum requisites for diagnosis. Am J Med Sci 1932;183:187–200. Cross Ref link , .
- 58 Raynaud's phenomenon: epidemiology and risk factors. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002;4:123–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 59 Familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1189–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 60 A two‐stage, genome‐wide screen for susceptibility loci in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1641–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 61 Prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon in the general population: a preliminary study by questionnaire. J Chronic Dis 1986;39:1189–91. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 62 Ultrastructural investigations of finger pulp biopsies: a study of 31 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Ultrastruct Pathol 1982;3:175–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 63 Raynaud's phenomenon: pathogenesis and management. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:633–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 64 Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelin 1 levels in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: implications for vascular dysfunction and progression of disease. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:1992–2000. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 65 Serum endothelin‐1 concentrations and cold provocation in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Lancet 1990;336:1144–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 66 Silent alpha (2c)‐adrenergic receptors enable cold‐induced vasoconstriction in cutaneous arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;278:H1075–83. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 67 Increased tyrosine phosphorylation mediates the cooling‐induced contraction and increased vascular reactivity of Raynaud's disease. Arhtritis Rheum 2004;50:1578–85. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 68 Raynaud's phenomenon with oral manifestations. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:78–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 69 Understanding, assessing and treating Raynaud's phenomenon. Curr Opin Rheum 2005;17:752–60. , .
- 70 Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta‐analysis. Rheumatology 2005;44:145–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 71 Comparison of sustained‐release nifedipine and temperature biofeedback for treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1101–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 72 Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy. Circulation 2005;112:2980–5. Pubmed link , , , .
- 73 Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:199–206. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 74 Effects of long‐term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001;19:503–8. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 75 Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3985–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 76 Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen‐week, randomised, parallel‐group, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2646–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 77 Sustained‐release transdermal glyceryl trinitrate patches as a treatment for primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:636–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 78 A pilot study evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(5):834–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
Cryoglobulinaemia
- 79 Nature of cryoglobulinaemia. Lancet 1980;i:285–6. Cross Ref link .
- 80 Prevalence of mixed cryoglobulinaemia syndrome and circulating cryoglobulins in a population‐based survey: the Origgio study. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13(6):609–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 81 Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2004;33(6):355–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 82 Natural history and clinical impact of cryoglobulins in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2007;133:835–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 83 Cryoglobulinaemia. Blood Rev 2007;21:182–200. , , , .
- 84 Cutaneous manifestations of cryoglobulinaemia. Clinical and histopathologic study of seventy‐two patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:21–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 85 Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Blood 2003;101:3827–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Cold agglutinins
- 86 Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: an update on pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy. Haematology 2007;12:361–70. Cross Ref link , , .
- 87 Favourable response to therapy with the anti‐CD 20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in primary cold agglutinin disease. Br J Haematol 2001;115:79–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
Physiological reactions to heat and infrared radiation
- 88 Reflections on heat. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:369–79. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 89 Cutaneous effects and therapeutic uses of heat with emphasis on infrared radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:278–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 90 The optics of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1989;77:13–19. Cross Ref link , .
- 91 Effect of infrared and UVA rays in the human skin and their efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Z Hautkr 1985;60:171–7. Pubmed link , , .
- 92 Infrared erythema. Z Hautkr 1985;60:938–44. Pubmed link , , .
- 93 Effect of infrared radiation on the recoverable levels of free arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in human forearm skin. J Invest Dermatol 1983;81:297–300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 94 Effect of infrared radiation on the kinetics of guinea pig's epidermis cells: comparison with UV radiation effect. Z Hautkr 1985;60:947–56. Pubmed link , , .
- 95 The influence of infrared radiation on short term ultraviolet radiation‐induced injuries. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:315–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 96 Biological action of light: the influence of temperature. Proc R Soc Lond 1923;95:163–80. Cross Ref link , .
- 97 The influence of infrared radiation on ultraviolet‐induced skin injury. Korean J Dermatol 1984;22:176–82. , , .
- 98 Intensification of ultraviolet induced dermal damage by infrared radiation. Arch Dermatol Res 1982;272:229–38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 99 Temperature dependence of induction of cyclobutane‐type pyrimidine photodimers in human fibroblasts by 313 nm light. Photochem Photobiol 1983;37:467–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 100 Hyperthermic effects on DNA‐repair mechanisms. Radiology 1977;123:475. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 101 The effects of temperature upon ultraviolet carcinogenesis with wavelengths of 2800–3400 Å. Cancer Res 1943;3:610–12. , , .
- 102 Influence of temperature on ultraviolet injury. Arch Dermatol 1964;89:858–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 103 Influence of heat, wind and humidity on ultraviolet radiation injury. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978;50:161–7. Pubmed link , .
Diseases caused by heat and infrared radiation
Erythema ab igne
- 104 Reflections on heat. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:369–79. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 105 Furniture‐induced erythema ab igne. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:516–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 106 Erythema ab igne caused by frequent hot bathing. Acta Derm Venereol 2002;82:478–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 107 Erythema ab igne caused by a car heater. Cutis 1997;59:81–2. Pubmed link , , .
- 108 Erythema ab igne due to a laptop computer. Contact Dermatitis 2004;50:105. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 109 Erythema ab igne induced by a laptop computer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:973–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 110 Erythema ab igne as an unexpected computer side‐effect. Dermatology 2006;212:392–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 111 Laptop computer‐induced erythema ab igne: a case report. Cutis 2007;79:59–60. Pubmed link , , , .
- 112 Erythema ab igne in chronic pancreatic pain: a diagnostic sign. J R Soc Med 1984;77:299–301. Pubmed link , .
- 113 Hot‐water‐bottle rash: not only a sign of chronic pancreatitis. Lancet 1998;351:667. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 114 Erythema ab igne: an unusual manifestation of cancer‐related pain. Pain 2000;87:107–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 115 Early destructive effect of sunlight in human skin. JAMA 1969;210:2377–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 116 Chronic heat‐induced skin lesions (erythema ab igne): ultrastructural studies. Ultrastruct Pathol 2001;25:93–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 117 Palmar erythema ab igne without detectable type IV collagen at the basement membrane zone. J Dermatol 1996;23:484–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 118 Erythema ab igne: a histopathological study. J Invest Dermatol 1966;46:104–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 119 Erythema ab igne elastosis. Arch Dermatol 1971;104:128–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 120 The wages of warmth: changes in erythema ab igne. Br J Dermatol 1977;97:179–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 121 Graham Brown RAC. Erythema ab igne affecting the palms. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:168–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link ,
- 122 Erythema ab igne in a child with atopic eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:336–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 123 Bullous erythema ab igne. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:1151–65. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 124 A reticulate vascular abnormality in patients with lymphoedema: observations in eight patients. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:92–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 125 Malignant change in erythema ab igne. BMJ 1955;2:1599–602. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 126 The ‘Kang cancer’ of north‐west China. BMJ 1948;1:982. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 127 Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising from erythema ab igne. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi 1989;99:735–42. Pubmed link , .
- 128 Kangri‐burn cancer. BMJ 1923;2:1255–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 129 Skin cancer in India. In: Urbach F, ed. The Biology of Cutaneous Cancer. National Cancer Institute Monography No. 10. Washington: Public Health Service, 1963:215–24. .
- 130 On a turf (peat) fire cancer: malignant change superimposed on erythema ab igne. Proc R Soc Med 1967;60:1307–8. Pubmed link .
- 131 Development of neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma mixed with squamous cell carcinoma in erythema ab igne. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:110–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 132 Merkel cell and squamous cell carcinomas arising in erythema ab igne. Br J Dermatol 1993;128:591–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 133 Role of spectacle lenses in production of cutaneous changes, especially epithelioma. Arch Dermatol 1949;54:435–48. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 134 Reflections on heat [Quoting Koscard E]. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:369–75. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 135 Erythema ab igne: treatment with 5‐fluorouracil cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:109–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .