Idiopathic (immunological) dermatoses

    Polymorphic light eruption

    • 1  Clayton R, George S. Haemorrhagic polymorphic light eruption: two cases of a rare variant. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2006;22:1667. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 2  Commens C. Polymorphic light eruption sine eruptione and brachioradial pruritus. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:554. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 3  Dover JS, Hawk JL. Polymorphic light eruption sine eruption. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:736. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 4  Kontos AP, Cusack CA, Chaffins M, et al. Polymorphous light eruption in African Americans: pinpoint papular variant. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18:3036. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 5  Calzavara Pinton PG, Venturini M, Capezzera R, et al. Photosensitive erythema multiforme and erythema multiforme‐like polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2003;19:1579. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 6  Hawk J. Juvenile spring eruption is a variant of polymorphic light eruption. NZ Med J 1996;109:389.
    • 7  Molina‐Ruiz AM, Sanmartin O, Santonja C, et al. Spring and summer eruption of the elbows: a peculiar localized variant of polymorphous light eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68:30612. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 8  Leroy D, Dompmartin A, Verneuil L, et al. [Does benign summer light eruption exist?] Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002;129:8558. Pubmed link
    • 9  Guarrera M, Cardo P, Rebora AE, et al. Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27:359. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 10  Lambert J, Verheyen A, Dockx P. Experimental reproduction of polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption by whole‐body UVA irradiation. Dermatology 1997;194:38891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 11  Chen YA, Lee JY. Clinicopathologic study of solar dermatitis, a pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption in Taiwan, and review of the literature. J Formos Med Assoc 2013;112:12530. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 12  Jong CT, Finlay AY, Pearse AD, et al. The quality of life of 790 patients with photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:1927. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 13  Richards HL, Ling TC, Evangelou G, et al. Evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression in polymorphic light eruption and their association with clinical and demographic variables. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:43944. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 14  Rizwan M, Haylett AK, Richards HL, et al. Impact of photosensitivity disorders on the life quality of children. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28:2902. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 15  Rizwan M, Reddick CL, Bundy C, et al. Photodermatoses: environmentally induced conditions with high psychological impact. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013;12:1829. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 16  Patel GK, Gould DJ, Hawk JL, et al. A complex photodermatosis: solar urticaria progressing to polymorphic light eruption. Clin Exp Dermatol 1998;23:778. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 17  Darvay A, White IR, Rycroft RJ, et al. Photoallergic contact dermatitis is uncommon. Br J Dermatology 2001;145:597601. Cross Ref link
    • 18  Calnan CD, Meara RH. Actinic prurigo (Hutchinson's summer prurigo). Clin Exp Dermatol 1977;2:36572. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 19  Addo HA, Frain‐Bell W. Actinic prurigo – a specific photodermatosis? Photodermatology 1984;1:11928. Pubmed link
    • 20  Morison WL, Stern RS. Polymorphous light eruption: a common reaction uncommonly recognized. Acta Derm Venereol 1982;62:23740. Pubmed link
    • 21  Pao C, Norris PG, Corbett M, et al. Polymorphic light eruption: prevalence in Australia and England. Br J Dermatol 1994;130:624. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 22  Rhodes LE, Bock M, Janssens AS, et al. Polymorphic light eruption occurs in 18% of Europeans and does not show higher prevalence with increasing latitude: multicenter survey of 6,895 individuals residing from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia. J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:6268. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 23  Ros AM, Wennersten G. Current aspects of polymorphous light eruptions in Sweden. Photodermatology 1986;3:298302. Pubmed link
    • 24  Deng D, Hang Y, Chen H, et al. Prevalence of photodermatosis in four regions at different altitudes in Yunnan province, China. J Dermatol 2006;33:53740. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 25  Frain‐Bell W, ed. The idiopathic photodermatoses. In: Cutaneous Photobiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986:2459.
    • 26  Boonstra HE, van Weelden H, Toonstra J, et al. Polymorphous light eruption: a clinical, photobiologic, and follow‐up study of 110 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:199207. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 27  Aubin F. Why is polymorphous light eruption so common in young women? Arch Dermatol Res 2004;296:2401. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 28  Kerr HA, Lim HW. Photodermatoses in African Americans: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients over a 7‐year period. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:63843. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 29  Nakamura M, Henderson M, Jacobsen G, et al. Comparison of photodermatoses in African‐Americans and Caucasians: a follow‐up study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(6):3378. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 30  Wadhwani AR, Sharma VK, Ramam M, et al. A clinical study of the spectrum of photodermatoses in dark‐skinned populations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;8:8239. Cross Ref link
    • 31  Sharma VK, Sahni K, Wadhwani AR. Photodermatoses in pigmented skin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013;12:6577. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 32  Nyberg F, Hasan T, Puska P, et al. Occurrence of polymorphous light eruption in lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:21721. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 33  Millard TP, Lewis CM, Khamashta MA, et al. Polymorphic light eruption in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematousus. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:11314. Cross Ref link
    • 34  Hasan T, Ranki A, Jansen CT, et al. Disease associations in polymorphous light eruption. A long‐term follow‐up study of 94 patients. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:10815. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 35  Grabczynska SA, McGregor JM, Kondeatis E, et al. Actinic prurigo and polymorphic light eruption: common pathogenesis and the importance of HLA‐DR4/DRB1*0407. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:2326. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 36  Ros AM, Eklund G. Photosensitive psoriasis. An epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:7528. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 37  Boulitrop‐Morvan C, Geindre V, Gaumont N, et al. Polymorphic light eruption associated to C‐hepatitis. Nouv Dermatol 1996;15:405.
    • 38  Nikkels AF, Delwaide J, Letawe C, et al. Polymorphous light eruption‐like lesions on sun‐protected injection sites of recombinant IFN‐alpha‐2b. J Dermatolog Treat 1997;8:285. Cross Ref link
    • 39  Juhlin L, Malmros‐Enander I. Familial polymorphous light eruption with aquagenic urticaria: successful treatment with PUVA. Photodermatology 1986;3:3469. Pubmed link
    • 40  Downs AM, Lear JT, Dunnill MG. Polymorphic light eruption limited to areas of vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:37981. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 41  Creamer D, Clement M, McGregor JM, et al. Polymorphic light eruption occurring solely on an area of naevoid telangiectasia. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:2023. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 42  Creamer D, McGregor JM, Hawk JL. Polymorphic light eruption occurring in common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia, and resolving with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:2734. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 43  Seetharam KA, Sridevi K. Association of polymorphic light eruption and autoimmune thyroiditis. Indian J Dermatol Venerol Leprol 2010;76:7045. Cross Ref link
    • 44  Norris PG, Morris J, McGibbon DM, et al. Polymorphic light eruption: an immunopathological study of evolving lesions. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:17383. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 45  Hasan T, Stephansson E, Ranki A. Distribution of naive and memory T‐cells in photoprovoked and spontaneous skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus and polymorphous light eruption. Acta Derm Venereol 1999;79:43742. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 46  Verheyen AM, Lambert JR, Van Marck EA et al. Polymorphic light eruption – an immunopathological study of provoked lesions. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995;20:297303. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 47  Gonzalez‐Amaro R, Baranda L, Salazar‐Gonzalez JF, et al. Immune sensitization against epidermal antigens in polymorphous light eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:703. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 48  Van de Pas CB, Kelly DA, Seed PT, et al. Ultraviolet‐radiation‐induced erythema and suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses in patients with polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 2004;122:2959. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 49  Palmer RA, Hawk JL, Young AR, et al. The effect of solar‐simulated radiation on the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity does not differ between controls and patients with polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 2005;124:130812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 50  Lembo S, Fallon J, O'Kelly P, et al. Polymorphic light eruption and skin cancer prevalence: is one protective against the other? Br J Dermatol 2008;159:13427. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 51  Horkay I, Krajczar J, Bodolay E, et al. A study on cell‐mediated immunity in polymorphic light eruption. Dermatologica 1983;166:7580. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 52  Horkay I, Bodolay E, Krajczar J, et al. In situ identification of T lymphocytes in polymorphic light eruption. Photodermatology 1984;1:2502. Pubmed link
    • 53  Muhlbauer JE, Bhan AK, Harrist TJ, et al. Papular polymorphic light eruption: an immunoperoxidase study using monoclonal antibodies. Br J Dermatol 1983;108:15362. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 54  Weedon D, ed. Skin Pathology, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
    • 55  Panet‐Raymond G, Johnson WC. Lupus erythematosus and polymorphous light eruption. Differentiation by histochemical procedures. Arch Dermatol 1973;108:7857. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 56  Hood AF, Elpern DJ, Morison WL. Histopathologic findings in papulovesicular light eruption. J Cutan Pathol 1986;13:1321. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 57  Jansen CT, Terho P, Karvonen J. [Chlamydia and polymorphous photodermatitis.] Dermatologische Monatschrift 1983;169:56871. Pubmed link
    • 58  Millard TP, Bataille V, Snieder H, et al. The heritability of polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:46770. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 59  McGregor JM, Grabczynska S, Vaughan R, et al. Genetic modeling of abnormal photosensitivity in families with polymorphic light eruption and actinic prurigo. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:4716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 60  Jansen CT. Heredity of chronic polymorphous light eruptions. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:18890. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 61  Piletta PA, Salomon D, Beani JC, et al. A pilot with an itchy rash. Lancet 1996;348:1142. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 62  Erickson LR, Peterka ES. Sunlight sensitivity from oral contraceptives. JAMA 1968;203:9801. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 63  Horkay I, Tamasi P, Prekopa A, et al. Photodermatoses induced by oral contraceptives. Archives for dermatological research. Arch Dermatol Res 1975;253:5361. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 64  Neumann R. Polymorphous light eruption and oral contraceptives. Photodermatology 1988;5:402. Pubmed link
    • 65  Boonstra H, Boer J. Polymorphic light eruption induced by oral contraceptives and pregnancy? Photodermatology 1989;6:556. Pubmed link
    • 66  Tegner E, Brudin AM. Polymorphous light eruption in hypopigmented pressure areas with a UVA sunbed. Acta Derm Venereol 1986;66:4468. Pubmed link
    • 67  Roger H, Antoniotti O, D'Incan M, et al. Polymorphic light eruption revealed by arc welding. Nouv Dermatol 1996;15:3979.
    • 68  Majoie IM, van Weelden H, Sybesma IM, et al. Polymorphous light eruption‐like skin lesions in welders caused by ultraviolet C light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:1501. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 69  LeVine MJ. Polymorphic light eruption. Exacerbation from photocopier exposure. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:3734. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 70  Mastalier U, Kerl H, Wolf P. Clinical, laboratory, phototest and phototherapy findings in polymorphic light eruptions: a retrospective study of 133 patients. Eur J Dermatol 1998;8:5549. Pubmed link
    • 71  Ros AM. Solar purpura – an unusual manifestation of polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatology 1988;5:478. Pubmed link
    • 72  Kalivas J, Kalivas L. Solar purpura appearing in a patient with polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1995;11:312. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 73  Elpern DJ, Morison WL, Hood AF. Papulovesicular light eruption. A defined subset of polymorphous light eruption. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:12868. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 74  Guarrera M, Parodi A, Rebora A. Solar purpura is not related to polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatology 1989;6:2934. Pubmed link
    • 75  Bilsland D, Ferguson J. Contact allergy to sunscreen chemicals in photosensitivity dermatitis/actinic reticuloid syndrome (PD/AR) and polymorphic light eruption (PLE). Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:703. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 76  Thune P. Contact and photocontact allergy to sunscreens. Photodermatology 1984;1:59. Pubmed link
    • 77  Green C, Norris PG, Hawk JL. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from oxybenzone aggravating polymorphic light eruption. Contact Dermatitis 1991;24:623. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 78  Leroy D, Dompmartin A, Faguer K, et al. Polychromatic phototest as a prognostic tool for polymorphic light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2000;16:1616. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 79  Man I, Dawe RS, Ferguson J. Artificial hardening for polymorphic light eruption: practical points from ten years' experience. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1999;15:969. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 80  Lehmann P, Fritsch C, Neumann NJ. Photodiagnostic test procedures. Part 2: Photoprovocation testing. Hautarzt 2000;51:44957. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 81  Przybilla B, Galosi A, Heppeler M, et al. Polymorphous light eruption: eliciting and inhibiting wavelengths. Acta Derm Venereol 1988;68:1736. Pubmed link
    • 82  Holzle E, Plewig G, Hofmann C, et al. Polymorphous light eruption. Experimental reproduction of skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:11125. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 83  Jansen C. The polymorphic phototest reaction. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:63842. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 84  Kowalzick L, Berinson B, Koster W, et al. Polymorphous light eruption: impact of demographic, anamnestic and instrumental findings on differential diagnosis. Aktuel Dermatol 1994;20:1737.
    • 85  McFadden N, Larsen TE. Polymorphous light eruption: the properties of a UVA‐induced PLME patient group. Photodermatology 1986;3:3640. Pubmed link
    • 86  Marsh TW, Rietschel RL. Importance of appropriate wavelength, dosage, and test site in the experimental reproduction of polymorphous light eruption. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:587. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 87  Miyamoto C. Polymorphous light eruption: successful reproduction of skin lesions, including papulovesicular light eruption, with ultraviolet B. Photodermatology 1989;6:6979. Pubmed link
    • 88  Bilsland D, George SA, Gibbs NK, et al. A comparison of narrow band phototherapy (TL‐01) and photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the management of polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:70812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 89  Murphy GM, Hawk JL. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with apparent polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 1991;125 44851. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 90  Dawe RS. Ultraviolet A1 phototherapy. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:62637. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 91  Dawe RS, Collins P, Ferguson J, et al. Actinic prurigo and HLA‐DR4. J Invest Dermatol 1997;108:2334. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 92  Caccialanza M, Percivalle S, Piccinno R, et al. Photoprotective activity of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract in 25 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2007;23:467. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 93  Caccialanza M, Recalcati S, Piccinno R. Oral polypodium leucotomos extract photoprotective activity in 57 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses. G Ital Dermatol Venereol2011;146: 857. Pubmed link
    • 94  Tanew A, Radakovic S, Gonzalez S, et al. Oral administration of a hydrophilic extract of Polypodium leucotomos for the prevention of polymorphic light eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:5862. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 95  Dawe R, Russell S, Ferguson J. Borrowing from museums and industry: two photoprotective devices. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:101617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 96  McFadden N. UVA sensitivity and topical photoprotection in polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatology 1984;1:768. Pubmed link
    • 97  Allas S, Lui H, Moyal D, et al. Comparison of the ability of 2 sunscreens to protect against polymorphous light eruption induced by a UV‐A/UV‐B metal halide lamp. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:14212. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 98  Moyal D, Verschoore M, Binet O. Indoor simulation of polymorphic light eruption using a UVA/UVB solar simulator and prevention by a well‐balanced UVA/UVB sunscreen. J Dermatolog Treat 1999;10:2559. Cross Ref link
    • 99  Fourtanier A, Moyal D, Seite S. Sunscreens containing the broad‐spectrum UVA absorber, Mexoryl SX, prevent the cutaneous detrimental effects of UV exposure: a review of clinical study results. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2008;24:16474. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 100  Schleyer V, Weber O, Yazdi A, et al. Prevention of polymorphic light eruption with a sunscreen of very high protection level against UVB and UVA radiation under standardized photodiagnostic conditions. Acta Derm Venereol 2008;88:55560. Pubmed link
    • 101  Azurdia RM, Pagliaro JA, Rhodes LE. Sunscreen application technique in photosensitive patients: a quantitative assessment of the effect of education. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2000;16:536. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 102  Murphy GM, Logan RA, Lovell CR, et al. Prophylactic PUVA and UVB therapy in polymorphic light eruption – a controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:5318. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 103  Fesq H, Ring J, Abeck D. Management of polymorphous light eruption : clinical course, pathogenesis, diagnosis and intervention. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4:399406. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 104  Aljasser MI, Lui H, Ball NJ, et al. Persistent polymorphous light eruption after ultraviolet A1 phototherapy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29:524. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 105  Ferguson J. The management of the photodermatoses with phototherapy. In: Honigsmann H, Jori G, Young AR, eds. The Fundamental Bases of Phototherapy. Milano: OEMF Spa, 1996:1719.
    • 106  Patel DC, Bellaney GJ, Seed PT, et al. Efficacy of short‐course oral prednisolone in polymorphic light eruption: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:82831. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 107  Man I, Dawe RS, Ibbotson SH, et al. Is topical steroid effective in polymorphic light eruption? Br J Dermatol 2000;143(Suppl. 57):113.
    • 108  Corbett MF, Hawk JL, Herxheimer A, et al. Controlled therapeutic trials in polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 1982;107:57181. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 109  Jansen CT. Oral carotenoid treatment in polymorphous light eruption: a cross‐over comparison with oxychloroquine and placebo. Photodermatology 1985;2:1669. Pubmed link
    • 110  Murphy GM, Hawk JL, Magnus IA. Hydroxychloroquine in polymorphic light eruption: a controlled trial with drug and visual sensitivity monitoring. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:37986. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 111  Anon. Hydroxychloroquine in light eruption: new indication. Can be tried. Prescrire Int 1999;8:723. Pubmed link
    • 112  Pareek A, Khopkar U, Sacchidanand S, et al. Comparative study of efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in polymorphic light eruption: a randomized, double‐blind, multicentric study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74:1822. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 113  Rhodes LE, Durham BH, Fraser WD, et al. Dietary fish oil reduces basal and ultraviolet B‐generated PGE2 levels in skin and increases the threshold to provocation of polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:5325. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 114  Przybilla B, Heppeler M, Ruzicka T. Preventive effect of an E. coli‐filtrate (colibiogen) in polymorphous light eruption. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:22933. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 115  Kerscher M, Przybilla B, Rueff F. Successful preventive treatment of polymorphous light eruption with an E. coli‐filtrate. Allergo J 1998;7:2613.
    • 116  Wurzel R. Prophylaxis of polymorphous light eruption: comparative efficacy of bacteria, E. coli strain Nissle 1917, and nicotinamide/folic acid. Aktuel Dermatol 1999;25:32933.
    • 117  Neumann R, Rappold E, Pohl‐Markl H. Treatment of polymorphous light eruption with nicotinamide: a pilot study. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:7780. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 118  Weber G. Systemische Behandlung der Sonnenallergie. Dtsch Derm 1991;39:8012.
    • 119  Gruber‐Wackernagel A, Bambach I, Legat FJ, et al. Randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled intra‐individual trial on topical treatment with a 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogue in polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 2011;165:15263. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 120  Norris PG, Hawk JL. Successful treatment of severe polymorphous light eruption with azathioprine. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:13779. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 121  Shipley DR, Hewitt JB. Polymorphic light eruption treated with cyclosporin. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:4467. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Juvenile springtime eruption

    • 122  Lava SA, Simonetti GD, Ragazzi M, et al. Juvenile spring eruption: an outbreak report and systematic review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 2013;168:106672. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 123  Anderson D, Wallace HJ, Howes EI. Juvenile spring eruption. Lancet 1954;266:7556. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 124  Berth‐Jones J, Norris PG, Graham‐Brown RA, et al. Juvenile spring eruption of the ears. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:4623. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 125  Requena L, Alegre V, Hasson A. Spring eruption of the ears. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:2846. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 126  Tan E, Eberhart‐Phillips J, Sharples K. Juvenile spring eruption: a prevalence study. NZ Med J 1996;109:2935.
    • 127  Heathcote K, Theaker JM, Gibbins N, et al. ‘Lambing ears’: a blistering disorder affecting farmers at lambing time. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:1347. Pubmed link
    • 128  Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papadakis P, et al. Juvenile spring eruption: clinicopathologic features and phototesting results in 4 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:S5760. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 129  Dogru S, Gungor A, Cekin E, et al. Juvenile spring eruption: a report of two cases. Laryngoscope 2006;116:127980. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 130  Perez‐Carmona L, Vano‐Galvan S, Carrillo‐Gijon R, et al. Photosensitive erythema multiforme presenting as juvenile spring eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010;26:534. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Actinic prurigo

    • 131  Addo HA, Frain‐Bell W. Actinic prurigo – a specific photodermatosis? Photodermatology 1984;1:11928. Pubmed link
    • 132  Hojyo‐Tomoka MT, Vega‐Memije ME, Cortes‐Franco R, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of actinic prurigo. Dermatol Ther 2003;16:404. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 133  Dawe RS. Prevalences of chronic photodermatoses in Scotland. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009;25:5960. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 134  Birt AR, Davis RA. Photodermatitis in North American Indians: familial actinic prurigo. Int J Dermatol 1971;10:10714. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 135  Khoo SW, Tay YK, Tham SN. Photodermatoses in a Singapore skin referral centre. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21:2638. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 136  Cornelison RL, Jr. Cutaneous diseases in Native Americans. Dermatol Clin 2003;21:699702. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 137  Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papathanakou E, et al. Spectrum of idiopathic photodermatoses in a Mediterranean country. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:44954. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 138  Wong SN, Khoo LS. Analysis of photodermatoses seen in a predominantly Asian population at a photodermatology clinic in Singapore. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21:404. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 139  Ker HA, Lim HW. Photodermatoses in African Americans: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients over a 7‐year period. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:63843. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 140  Ker KJ, Chong WS, Theng CT. Clinical characteristics of adult‐onset actinic prurigo in Asians: a case series. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:7838. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 141  Vega‐Memije ME, Mosqueda‐Taylor A, Irigoyen‐Camacho ME, et al. Actinic prurigo cheilitis: clinicopathologic analysis and therapeutic results in 116 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:8391. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 142  Bernal JE, Duran de Rueda MM, de Brigard D. Human lymphocyte antigen in actinic prurigo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:31012. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 143  Bernal JE, Duran de Rueda MM, Ordonez CP, et al. Actinic prurigo among the Chimila Indians in Colombia: HLA studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:104951. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 144  Sheridan DP, Lane PR, Irvine J, et al. HLA typing in actinic prurigo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:101923. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 145  Duran MM, Bernal J. HLA typing in actinic prurigo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:658. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 146  Menage HD, Vaughan RW, Baker CS, et al. HLA‐DR4 may determine expression of actinic prurigo in British patients. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:3627. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 147  Dawe RS, Collins P, Ferguson J, et al. Actinic prurigo and HLA‐DR4. J Invest Dermatol 1997;108:2334. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 148  Hojyo‐Tomoka T, Granados J, Vargas‐Alarcon G, et al. Further evidence of the role of HLA‐DR4 in the genetic susceptibility to actinic prurigo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:9357. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 149  Rybojad M, Moraillon I, Manciet JR, et al. [Actinic prurigo of childhood. 3 familial cases associated with HLA‐DR 0407.] Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998;125:1820. Pubmed link
    • 150  Suarez A, Valbuena MC, Rey M, et al. Association of HLA subtype DRB10407 in Colombian patients with actinic prurigo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2006;22:558. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 151  Jong CT, Finlay AY, Pearse AD, et al. The quality of life of 790 patients with photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:1927. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 152  Kerr AC, Ferguson J. Actinic prurigo deterioration due to degradation of DermaGard window film. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:61920. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 153  Fusaro RM, Johnson JA. Topical photoprotection for hereditary polymorphic light eruption of American Indians. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:7446. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 154  Dawe R, Russell S, Ferguson J. Borrowing from museums and industry: two photoprotective devices. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:101617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 155  Lane PR, Moreland AA, Hogan DJ. Treatment of actinic prurigo with intermittent short‐course topical 0.05% clobetasol 17‐propionate. A preliminary report. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:121113. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 156  Collins P, Ferguson J. Narrow‐band UVB (TL‐01) phototherapy: an effective preventative treatment for the photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:95663. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 157  Farr PM, Diffey BL. Treatment of actinic prurigo with PUVA: mechanism of action. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:41118. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 158  Londono F. Thalidomide in the treatment of actinic prurigo. Int J Dermatol 1973;12:3268. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 159  Calnan CD, Meara RH. Actinic prurigo (Hutchinson's summer prurigo). Clin Exp Dermatol 1977;2:36572. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 160  Bernal JE, Duran MM, Londono F, et al. Cellular immune effects of thalidomide in actinic prurigo. Int J Dermatol 1992;31:599600. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 161  Grabczyska SA, Hawk JL. Managing PLE and actinic prurigo. Practitioner 1997;241:74, 77, 79. Pubmed link
    • 162  Ng JC, Foley PA, Crouch RB, et al. A case of severe actinic prurigo successfully treated with thalidomide. Australas J Dermatol 2001;42:1925. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 163  Yong‐Gee SA, Muir JB. Long‐term thalidomide for actinic prurigo. Australas J Dermatol 2001;42:2813. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 164  Crouch RB, Foley PA, Ng JC, et al. Thalidomide experience of a major Australian teaching hospital. Australas J Dermatol 2002;43:27884. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 165  Estrada GI, Garibay‐Escobar A, Nunez‐Vazquez A et al. Evidence that thalidomide modifies the immune response of patients suffering from actinic prurigo. Int J Dermatol 2004;43:8937. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 166  Holzer A, Wolf P, Legat FJ, et al. Successful thalidomide therapy for actinic prurigo in a European woman. J Dtsche Dermatol Ges 2006;4:9614. Cross Ref link
    • 167  Scheen SR, 3rd, Connolly SM, Dicken CH. Actinic prurigo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:18390. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 168  Torres‐Alvarez B, Castanedo‐Cazares JP, Moncada B. Pentoxifylline in the treatment of actinic prurigo. A preliminary report of 10 patients. Dermatology 2004;208:198201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 169  Duran MM, Ordonez CP, Prieto JC, et al. Treatment of actinic prurigo in Chimila Indians. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:41316. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 170  Lestarini D, Khoo LS, Goh CL. The clinical features and management of actinic prurigo: a retrospective study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1999;15:1837. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 171  Crouch R, Foley P, Baker C. Actinic prurigo: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases referred to an Australian photobiology clinic. Australas J Dermatol 2002;43:12832. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 172  Ortiz‐Castillo JV, Boto‐de‐los‐Bueis A, De‐Lucas‐Laguna R, et al. [Topical cyclosporine in the treatment of ocular actinic prurigo.] Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2006;81:6614. Pubmed link
    • 173  McCoombes JA, Hirst LW, Green WR. Use of topical cyclosporin for conjunctival manifestations of actinic prurigo. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:8301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Chronic actinic dermatitis

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    • 175  Hawk JLM, Magnus IA. Chronic actinic dermatitis – an idiopathic photosensitivity syndrome including actinic reticuloid and photosensitive eczema. Br J Dermatol 1979;101(Suppl. 17):24. Pubmed link
    • 176  Norris PG, Hawk JLM. Chronic actinic dermatitis – a unifying concept. Arch Dermatol 1990;126(3):3768. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 177  Ive FA, Magnus IA, Warin RP, Jones WE. “Actinic reticuloid”; a chronic dermatosis associated with severe photosensitivity and the histological resemblance to lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:46985. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 178  Ramsay CA, Black AK. Photosensitive eczema. Trans St Johns Hospital Dermatolog Soc Sympos Photodermatos 1973:1528.
    • 179  Frain‐Bell W, Lakshmipathi T, Rogers J, Willock J. The syndrome of chronic photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid. Br J Dermatol 1974:61734. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 180  Wilkinson DS. Patch test reactions to certain halogenated salicylanilides. Br J Dermatol 1962;74:3026. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 181  Wilkinson DS. Photodermatitis due to tetrachlorsalicylanilide. Br J Dermatol 1961;73:21319. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 182  Decastro JLC, Pereira MA, Nunes FP, Dossantos AP. Musk ambrette and chronic actinic dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(5):3026. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 183  Nakamura M, Henderson M, Jacobsen G, Lim H. Comparison of photodermatoses in African‐Americans and Caucasians: a follow‐up study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29:10.1111.
    • 184  Lim HW, Morison WL, Kamide R, Buchness MR, Harris R, Soter NA. Chronc actinic dermatitits – an analysis of 51 patients evaluated in the United States and Japan. Arch Dermatol 1994;130(10):12849. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 186  Healy E, Rogers S. Photosensitivity dermatitis actinic reticuloid syndrome in an Irish population – a review and some unusual features. Acta Derm Venereol 1995;75(1):724. Pubmed link
    • 187  Lee PA, Freeman S. Photosensitivity: the 9‐year experience at a Sydney contact dermatitis clinic. Australas J Dermatol 2002;43(4):28992. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 188  Khoo SW, Tay YK, Tham SN. Photodermatoses in a Singapore skin referral centre. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21(4):2638. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 189  Wong SN, Khoo LSW. Analysis of photodermatoses seen in a predominantly Asian population at a photodermatology clinic in Singapore. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21:404. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 190  Stratiogos AJ, Antoniou C, Papathanakou E, et al. Spectrum of idiopathic photodermatoses in a Mediterranean country. Int J Dermatol 2003;42(6):44954. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 191  Wadhwani AR, Sharma VK, Ramam M, Khaitan BK. A clinical study of the spectrum of photodermatoses in dark‐skinned populations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;38(8):8239. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 192  Fotiades J, Soter NA, Lim HW. Results of evaluation of 203 patients for photosensitivity in a 7.3‐year period. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33(4):597602. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 193  Dawe RS. Chronic actinic dermatitis in the elderly – recognition and treatment. Drugs Aging 2005;22(3):2017. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 194  Kurumaji Y, Kondo S, Fukuro S, Keong CH, Nishioka K. Chronic actinic dermatitis in a young patient with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:6679. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 195  Creamer D, McGregor JM, Hawk JLM. Chronic actinic dermatitis occurring in young patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:111213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 196  Russell SC, Dawe RS, Collins P, Man I, Ferguson J. The photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome (chronic actinic dermatitis) occurring in seven young atopic dermatitis patients. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:496501. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 197  Ogboli MI, Rhodes LE. Chronic actinic dermatitis in young atopic dermatitis sufferers. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:845. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 198  Dawe RS, Crombie IK, Ferguson J. The natural history of chronic actinic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 2000;136(10):121520. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 199  Botcherby PK, Magnus IA, Marimo B, Giannelli F. Actinic reticuloid – an idiopathic photodermatosis with cellular‐sensitivity to near ultraviolet‐radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1984;39(5):6419. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 200  Menage HD, Ross JS, Norris PG, Hawk JLM, White IR. Contact and photocontact sensitization in chronic actinic dermatitis – sesquiterpene lactone mix is an important allergen. Br J Dermatol 1995;132(4):5437. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 201  Toback AC, Longley J, Cardullo AC, Doddy Y, Romagnoli M, DeLeo VA. Severe chronic photosensitivity in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;15(5):10567. Cross Ref link
    • 202  Pappert A, Grossman M, DeLeo V. Photosensitivity as the presenting illness in 4 patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection. Arch Dermatol 1994;130(5):61823. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 203  Meola T, Sanchez M, Lim HW, Buchness MR, Soter NA. Chronic actinic dermatitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Dermatol 1997;137(3):4316. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 204  Wong SN, Khoo LSW. Chronic actinic dermatitis as the presenting feature of HIV infection in three Chinese males. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28(3):2658. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 205  Tan AW‐M, Lim K‐S, Theng C, Chong W‐S. Chronic actinic dermatitis in Asian skin: a Singaporean experience. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(4):1725. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 206  Beattie PE, Dawe RS, Ibbotson SH, Ferguson J. Co‐existence of chronic actinic dermatitis and solar urticaria in three patients. Br J Dermatol 2004;151(2):51315. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 207  Granados MTR, De La Torre C, Cruces MJ, Pineiro G. Chronic actinic dermatitis due to simvastatin. Contact Dermatitis 1998;38(5):2945. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 208  Holme SA, Pearse AD, Anstey AV. Chronic actinic dermatitis secondary to simvastatin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18(6):31314. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 209  Menter M, McKerron R, Amos H. Actinic reticuloid: an immunological investigation providing evidence of basement membrane damage. Br J Dermatol 1974;90(5):50715. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 210  Fujita M, Miyachi Y, Horio T, Imamura S. Immunohistochemical comparison of actinic reticuloid with allergic contact dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 1990;1(4):28996. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 211  Toonstra J, Henquet CJM, Van Weelden H, Vanderputte SCJ, van volten WA. Actinic reticuloid: a clinical, photobiologic, histopathologic, and follow‐up study of 16 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:20514. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 212  Koga C, Aragane Y, Matsushita K, et al. Chronic actinic dermatitis: a case report and immunohistological analysis in its early phase. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18(3):1601. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 213  Menage HD, Sattar NK, Haskard DO, Hawk JLM, Breathnach SM. A study of the kinetics and pattern of E‐selectin, VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression in chronic actinic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1996;134(2):2628. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 214  Norris PG, Morris J, Smith NP, Chu AC, Hawk JLM. Chronic actinic dermatitis – an immunohistoligic and photobiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(5):96671. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 215  Norris P, Bacon K, Bird C, Hawk J, Camp R. The role of interleukins 1, 6 and 8 as lymphocyte attractants in the photodermatoses polymorphic light eruption and chronic actinic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24(4):3216. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 216  Kochevar IE, Harber LC. Photoreactions of 3,3',4',5‐tetrachlorosalicylanilide with proteins. J Invest Dermatol 1977;68(3):1516. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 217  Willis I, Kligman AM. The mechanism of the persistent light reaction. J Invest Dermatol 1968;51(5):38594. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 218  Vonderheid EC, Sobel EL, Hoeldtke RD, Faerber GJ, Sardi VS. Kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid excretion after tryptophan loading in actinic reticuloid. Int J Dermatol 1987;26(1):3341. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 219  Giannelli F, Botcherby PK, Marimo B, Magnus IA. Cellular‐hypersensitivity to UV‐A – a clue to the etiology of actinic reticuloid. Lancet 1983;1(8316):8891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 220  Kondo S, Nishioka K. Hypersensitivity of skin fibroblasts from patients with chronic actinic dermatitis to ultraviolet‐B (UVB), UVA and superoxide radical. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1991;8(5):21217. Pubmed link
    • 221  Applegate LA, Frenk E, Gibbs N, Johnson B, Ferguson J, Tyrrell RM. Cellular‐sensitivity to oxidative stress in the photosensitivity dermatitis actinic reticuloid syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 1994;102(5):7627. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 222  Kobza A, Ramsay CA, Magnus IA. Oral B carotene therapy in actinic reticuloid and solar urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1973;88:15766. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 223  Fuchs S, Berl V, Lepoittevin J‐P. Chronic actinic dermatitis to sesquiterpene lactones: (2+2) photoreaction toward thymidine of (+) and (–) alpha‐methylene‐hexahydrobenzofuranone with a cis ring junction. Photochem Photobiol 2010;86(3):54552. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 224  Miyauchi H, Horio T, Asada Y, Hayami M. Chronic actinic dermatitis – a time course study of histopathological changes. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1991;8(2):658. Pubmed link
    • 225  Heller P, Wieczorek R, Waldo E, et al. Chronic actinic dermatitis – an immunohistochemical study of its T‐cell antigenic profile, with comparison to cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1994;16(5):51016. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 226  Neild VS, Hawk JLM, Eady RAJ, Cream JJ. Actinic reticuloid with Sezary cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 1982;7(2):1438. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 227  De Silva BD, McLaren K, Kavanagh GM. Photosensitive mycosis fungoides or actinic reticuloid? Br J Dermatol 2000;142(6):12217. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 228  Chu AC, Robinson D, Hawk JLM, Meacham R, Spittle MF, Smith NP. Immunological differentiation of the Sezary‐syndrome due to cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and chronic actinic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1986;86(2):1347. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 229  Jensen NE, Sneddon IB. Actinic reticuloid with lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 1970;82:28791. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 230  Ashinoff R, Buchness MR, Lim HW. Lymphoma in a black patient with actinic reticuloid treated with PUVA – possible etiologic considerations. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(5):11347. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 231  Bilsland D, Crombie IK, Ferguson J. The photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome – no association with lymphoreticular malignancy. Br J Dermatol 1994;131(2):20914. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 232  Harkins CP, Waters A, Kerr A, et al. Loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin are not strongly associated with chronic actinic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2015;135(7):191921. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 233  Von den Dreisch P, Fartasch M, Hornstein O. Chronic actinic dermatitis with vitiligo‐like depigmentation. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17(1):3843. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 234  Choi K‐W, Lee C‐Y, Lee Y‐K, Kim Y‐H, Kim K‐H. A Korean experience with chronic actinic dermatitis during an 18‐year period: meteorological and photoimmunological aspects. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009;25(6):28692. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 235  Agar N, Morris S, Russell‐Jones R, Hawk J, Whittaker S. Case report of four patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and severe photosensitivity mimicking chronic actinic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2009;160(3):698703. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 236  Rose RF, Goulden V, Wilkinson SM. The spontaneous resolution of photosensitivity and contact allergy in a patient with chronic actinic dermatitis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009;25(2):11416. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 237  Addo HA, Frain‐Bell W. Persistence of allergic contact sensitivity in subjects with photosensitvity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1987;117:5559. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 238  Bryden AM, Ibbotson SH, Ferguson J. Spontaneous resolution of chronic actinic dermatitis in a young patient with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002;27(2):1634. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 239  Sigurdsson VS, Toonstra J, Hezemans‐Boer M, van Vloten WA. Erythroderma: a clinical and follow‐up study of 102 patients, with special emphasis on survival. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35(1):537. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 240  Diffey BL, Farr PM, Ive FA. The establishment and clinical‐value of a dermatological photobiology service in a district general‐hospital. Br J Dermatol 1984;110(2):18794. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 241  Mackenzie LA, Frain‐Bell W. The construction and development of a grating monochromator and its application to the study of the reaction of the skin to light. Br J Dermatol 1973;89:25164. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 242  O'Reilly FM, McKenna D, Murphy GM. Is monochromatic irradiation testing useful in the differentiation of drug‐induced photosensitivity from chronic actinic dermatitis? Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:11821. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 243  Ferguson J, Addo HA, Johnson BE, Frain‐Bell W. Quinine induced photosensitivity – clinical and experimental studies. Br J Dermatol 1987;117(5):63140. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 244  Diffey BL, Farr PM, Adams SJ. The action spectrum in quinine photosensitivity. Br J Dermatol 1988;118(5):67985. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 245  Addo HA, Ferguson J, Frain‐Bell W. Thiazide‐induced photosensitivity: a study of 33 subjects. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:74960. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 246  Menage HD, Harrison GI, Potten CS, Young AR, Hawk JLM. The action spectrum for induction of chronic actinic dermatitis is similar to that for sunburn inflammation. Photochem Photobiol 1995;62(6):9769. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 247  Wulf H, Brodthagen H. Solar simulators: modifications for testing with visitble light. Acta Dermatol Venereol 1983;63(3):2402.
    • 248  Roelandts R. The diagnosis of photosensitivity. Arch Dermatol 2000;136(9):11527. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 249  Asawanonda P. Chronic actinic dermatitis developing during narrowband UVB phototherapy for psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2004;20(1):667. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 250  Fujii N, Uetsu N, Hamakawa M, Futamura S, Okamoto T. Chronic actinic dermatitis developed during phototherapy for psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18:1579. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 251  Dawe RS, Arseculeratne G, Ferguson J. Chronic actinic dermatitis recognized on minimal erythema dose testing prior to narrow‐band UVB treatment for psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21(2):11213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 252  Attili S, Hearn R, Ferguson J, Ibbotson SH. Minerva. BMJ 2006;332(7537):372. Cross Ref link
    • 253  Kerr A, Dawe RS, Lowe G, Ferguson J. False‐negative monochromator phototesting in a chronic actinic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2010;162(6):14068. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 254  Muller FM, Dawe RS, Murdoch RD, et al. Delayed ultraviolet erythema not suppressed by oral prednisolone: a randomized crossover study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009;25(3):1435. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 255  Ferguson J, Ibbotson SH. A case of false‐negative monochromator phototesting in a patient with chronic actinic dermatitis taking prednisolone. Br J Dermatol 2012;167(1):21415. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 257  Ross JS, Menage HD, Hawk JLM, White IR. Sesquiterpene lactone contact sensitivity – clinical‐patterns of compositae dermatitis and relationship to chronic actinic dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29(2):847. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 258  Frain‐Bell W, Johnson BE. Contact allergic sensitivity to plants and the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1979;101(5):50312. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 259  Green C, Ferguson J. Sequiterpene lactone mix is not an adequate screen for Compositae allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(3):1513. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 260  Dawe RS, Green CM, MacLeod TM, Ferguson J. Daisy, dandelion and thistle contact allergy in the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35(2):10910. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 261  Addo HA, Sharma SC, Ferguson J, Johnson BE, Frain‐Bell W. A study of compositae plant extract reactions in photosensitivity dermatitis. Photodermatology 1985;2(2):6879. Pubmed link
    • 262  Frain‐Bell W, Hetherington A, Johnson BE. Contact allergic sensitivity to chrysanthemum and the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1979;101(5):491501. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 263  Bilsland D, Ferguson J. Contact allergy to sunscreen chemicals in photosensitivity dermatitis actinic reticuloid syndrome (PD/AR) and polymorphic light eruption (PLE). Contact Dermatitis 1993;29(2):703. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 266  Ibbotson S, Farr P, Beck M. Photopatch testing – methods and indications. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:3716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 267  Bruynzeel DP, Ferguson J, Andersen K, et al. Photopatch testing: a consensus methodology for Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004;18(6):67982. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 268  Bryden AM, Moseley H, Ibbotson SH, et al. Photopatch testing of 1155 patients: results of the UK multicentre photopatch study group. Br J Dermatol 2006;155(4):73747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 269  Gonçalo M, Ferguson J, Bonevalle A, et al. Photopatch testing: recommendations for a European photopatch test baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2013;68(4):23943. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 270  Kerr AC, Ferguson J, Haylett AK, et al. A European Multi‐centre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS). Br J Dermatol 2012;166(5):10029. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 271  Murphy GM, White IR, Hawk JLM. Allergic airborne contact‐dermatitis to compositae with photosensitivity – chronic actinic dermatitis in evolution. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1990;7(1):389. Pubmed link
    • 272  Ibbotson S, Dawe R. Chronic actinic dermatitis. In: Lebwohl M, Heymann W, Berth‐Jones J, Coulson I, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease, 3rd edn. 2013:1446.
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    • 274  Stafford R, Farrar MD, Kift R, et al. The impact of photosensitivity disorders on aspects of lifestyle. Br J Dermatol 2010;163(4):81722. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 275  Welsh C, Diffey B. The protection agains solar actinic radiation afforded by common clothing fabrics. Clin Exp Dermatol 1981;6(6):57781. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 278  Huang C, Yan S, Ren J, et al. A quantitative assessment of the effects of formal sun protection education on photosensitive patients. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(5):2615. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 279  Moseley H, Cameron H, MacLeod TM, Clark C, Dawe RS, Ferguson J. New sunscreens confer improved protection for photosensitive patients in the blue light region. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:78994. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 280  Moseley H, Johnston S, Susskind W. Is viewing television harmful to actinic reticuloid patients? Photodermatology 1989;6(4):1913. Pubmed link
    • 281  Moseley H, Ferguson J. The risk to normal and photosensitive individuals from exposure to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(3):1317. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 283  Fenton L, Ferguson J, Ibbotson S, Moseley H. Energy saving lamps and their impact on photosensitive and normal individuals. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:91015. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 285  Reid SM, Robinson M, Kerr AC, Ibbotson SH. Prevalence and predictors of low vitamin D status in patients referred to a tertiary photodiagnostic service: a retrospective study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(2):916. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 286  Kapur N, Creamer D, Hawk J. Incipient osteomalacia occurring in chronic actinic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25(5):3845. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 288  Dawe RS, Russell S, Ferguson J. Borrowing from museums and industry: two photoprotective devices. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:101617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 289  Evans AV, Palmer RA, Hawk JLM. Erythrodermic chronic actinic dermatitis responding only to topical tacrolimus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2004;20(1):5961. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 298  Murphy GM, Maurice PDL, Norris PG, Morris RW, Hawk JLM. Azathioprine treatment in chronic actinic dermatitis – a double‐blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet‐radiation. Br J Dermatol 1989;121(5):63946. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 300  Leigh IM, Hawk JLM. Treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis with azathioprine. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:6915. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 302  Holme SA, Duley JA, Sanderson J, Routledge PA, Anstey AV. Erythrocyte thiopurine methyl transferase assessment prior to azathioprine use in the UK. Q J Med 2002;95(7):43944. Cross Ref link
    • 303  Norris PG, Camp RDR, Hawk J. Actinic reticuloid: response to cyclosporine. Brief Communications 1989:3079.
    • 304  Gardeazabal J, Arregui MA, Gil N, Landa N, Raton JA, Diaz‐Perez J. Successful treatment of musk ketone‐induced chronic actinic dermatitis with cyclosporine and PUVA. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:83842. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 305  Marguery MC, Montazeri A, El Sayed F, et al. Chronic actinic dermatitis: a severe case responding to cyclosporin‐bath‐PUVA therapy. J Dermatolog Treat 1997;8(4):2813.
    • 306  Stinco G, Codutti R, Frattasio A, De Francesco V, Patrone P. Chronic actinic dermatitis treated with cyclosporine‐A. Eur J Dermatol 2002;12(5):4557. Pubmed link
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    • 308  Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ, Morison WL. Mycophenolate in psoralen‐UV‐A desensitization therapy for chronic actinic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1999;135(9):11289. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 315  Schopf R, Poblete‐Gutierrez P. Successful therapy of chronic actinic dermatitis with infliximab. Exp Dermatol 2009;18:302.
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    • 317  Paul CF, Ho VC, McGeown C, et al. Risk of malignancies in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporine: a 5 y cohort study. J Invest Dermatol 2003;120(2):21116. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Solar urticaria

    • 318  Leenutaphong V, Plewig G. Pathogenesis and classification of solar urticaria – a new concept. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(2):23740. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 319  Ive H, Lloyd J, Magnus I. Action spectra in idiopathic solar urticaria. A study of 17 cases with a monochromator. Br J Dermatol 1965;77:22943. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 350  Fenton L, Ferguson J, Ibbotson S, Moseley H. Energy saving lamps and their impact on photosensitive and normal individuals. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:91015. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 351  Eadie E, Ferguson J, Moseley H. A preliminary investigation into the effect of exposure of photosensitive individuals to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Br J Dermatol 2009;160(3):65964. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 352  Moseley H, Ferguson J. The risk to normal and photosensitive individuals from exposure to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(3):1317. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 356  Wessendorf U, Hanneken S, Haust M, Neumann NJ. Fixed solar urticaria with delayed onset. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60(4):6957. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 359  Norris P, Hawk J. Bruising and susceptibility to solar urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1991;124(4):393. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 360  Reinauer S, Leenutaphong V, Holzle E. Fixed solar urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29(2):1615. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 361  Schwarze HP, Marguery MC, Journe F, Loche F, Bazex J. Fixed solar urticaria to visible light successfully treated with fexofenadine. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2001;17(1):3941. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 362  Tuchinda C, Leenutaphong V, Sudtim S, Lim HW. Fixed solar urticaria induced by UVA and visible light: a report of a case. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21(2):979. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 363  Juhlin L, Malmrosenander I. Solar urticaria – mechanism and treatment. Photodermatology 1986;3(3):1648. Pubmed link
    • 364  Calzavara‐Pinton P, Sala R, Venturini M, et al. Local angioedema following sun exposures: a report of five cases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010;153(3):31520. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 365  Rose RF, Bhushan M, King CM, Rhodes LE. Solar angioedema: an uncommonly recognized condition? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21(5):2268. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 366  Yap LM, Foley PA, Crouch RB, Baker CS. Drug‐induced solar urticaria due to tetracycline. Australas J Dermatol 2000;41(3):1814. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 367  Lovell C, Cronin E, Rhodes E. Photocontact urticaria from chlorpromazine. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(5):2901. Cross Ref link
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    • 369  DeLeo V, Hanson D, Scheide S. Benoxaprofen photosensitization of phospholipase activation in mammalian cells in culture. Toxicol Lett 1986;32(3):21520. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 370  Frain‐Bell W. Cutaneous Photobiology Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985:1369.
    • 371  Kurumaji Y, Shono M. Drug‐induced solar urticaria due to repirinast. Dermatology 1994;188:11721. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 372  Crow KD, Alexander E, Buck WHL, Johnson BE, Magnus IA, Porter AD. Photosensitivity due to pitch. Br J Dermatol 1961;73:22032. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 373  Collins P, Ferguson J. Photoallergic contact‐dermatitis to oxybenzone. Br J Dermatol 1994;131(1):1249. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 374  Morison WL. Solar urticaria due to progesterone compounds in oral contraceptives. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2003;19(3):1556. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 375  Lim H. Mechanisms of phototoxicity in porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic protoporphyria. Immunol Ser 1989;46:67185. Pubmed link
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    • 377  Dawe RS, Clark C, Ferguson J. Porphyria cutanea tarda presenting as solar urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1999;141(3):5901. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 378  Shimauchi T, Kabashima K, Tokura Y. Solar urticaria as a manifestation of Churg–Strauss syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32(2):20910. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 379  Ramsay CA, Scrimenti RJ, Cripps DJ. Ultraviolet and visible action spectrum in a case of solar urticaria. Arch Dermatol 1970;101(5):5203. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 380  Horio T, Fujigaki K. Augmentation spectrum in solar urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18(5):118993. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 381  Leenutaphong V, Vonkries R, Plewig G. Solar urticaria induced by visible light and inhibited by UVA. Photodermatology 1988;5(4):1704. Pubmed link
    • 382  Miyauchi H, Horio T. Detection of action, inhibition and augmentation spectra in solar urticaria. Dermatology 1995;191(4):28691. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 383  Murphy G, Hawk J. Broadening of action spectrum in a patient with solar urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12(6):4556. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 384  Ng JCH, Foley PA, Crouch RB, Baker CS. Changes of photosensitivity and action spectrum with time in solar urticaria. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18:1915. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 385  Jong CT, Finlay AY, Pearse AD, , et al. The quality of life of 790 patients with photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 2008;159(1):1927. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 388  Bernhard J. Treatment of solar urticaria with terfenadine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28(4):668. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 419  Edstrom DW, Ros AM. Cyclosporin A therapy for severe solar urticaria. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1997;13(1–2):613. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 421  Adamski H, Bedane C, Bonnevalle A, , et al. Solar urticaria treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65(2):33640. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 427  Puech‐Plottova I, Michel J, Rouchouse B, Perrot J, Dzviga C, Cambazard F. Solar urticaria: one case treated by intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2000;127(10):8315. Pubmed link
    • 428  Collins P, Ahamat R, Green C, Ferguson J. Plasma exchange therapy for solar urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1996;134(6):10937. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 429  Duschet P, Leven P, Schwarz T, Hocker P, Greiter J, Gschnait F. Solar urticaria: treatment by plasmapheresis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15(4):71213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 430  Duschet P, Leyen P, Schwarz T, Hocker P, Greiter J, Gschnait F. Solar urticaria – effective treatment by plasmapheresis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12(3):1858. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 431  Hudson‐Peacock MJ, Farr PM, Diffey BL, Goodship THJ. Combined treatment of solar urticaria with plasmapheresis and PUVA. Br J Dermatol 1993;128(4):4402. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 432  Leenutaphong V, Plewig G, Grabensee B, Kutkuhn B. Plasmapheresis in solar urticaria. Photodermatology 1987;4(6):3089. Pubmed link
    • 433  Leenutaphong V, Plewig G, Kutkuhn B, Grabensee B. Plasmapheresis in solar urticaria. Dermatologica 1991;182(1):358. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 434  Mang R, Stege H, Budde MA, Ruzicka T, Krutmann J. Successful treatment of solar urticaria by extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis) – a case report. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18(4):1968. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 435  Güzelbey O, Ardelean E, Magerl M, Zuberbier T, Maurer M, Metz M. Successful treatment of solar urticaria with anti‐immunoglobulin E therapy. Allergy 2008;63(11):15635. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 436  Duchini G, Bäumler W, Bircher AJ, Scherer K. Failure of omalizumab (Xolair®) in the treatment of a case of solar urticaria caused by ultraviolet A and visible light. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(6):3367. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 437  Metz M, Altrichter S, Ardelean E, et al. Anti‐immunoglobulin e treatment of patients with recalcitrant physical urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010;154(2):17780. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 438  Spector SL, Tan RA. Omalizumab also successful in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121(3):784. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 439  Waibel KH, Reese DA, Hamilton RG, Devillez RL. Partial improvement of solar urticaria after omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(2):4901. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 440  Caccialanza M, Percivalle S, Piccinno R, Brambilla R. Photoprotective activity of oral polypodium leucotomos extract in 25 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2007;23(1):467. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 441  Caccialanza M, Recalcati S, Piccinno R. Oral polypodium leucotomos extract photoprotective activity in 57 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2011;146(2):857. Pubmed link
    • 442  Haylett AK, Nie Z, Brownrigg M, Taylor R, Rhodes LE. Systemic photoprotection in solar urticaria with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone analogue (Nle4‐d‐Phe7)‐α‐MSH. Br J Dermatol 2011;164(2):40714. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Hydroa vacciniforme

    • 443  Bazin E. Lecons theriques et cliniques sur les affectations generiques de la peau. Delabrage 1862;1:132.
    • 444  Gupta G, Man I, Kemmett D. Hydroa vacciniforme: a clinical and follow‐up study of 17 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:20813. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 446  Wong SN, Tan SH, Khoo SW. Late‐onset hydroa vacciniforme: two case reports. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:8747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 447  De Pietro U, Simoni R, Barbieri C, Girolomoni G. Hydro vacciniforme persistent in a 60‐year‐old man. Eur J Dermatol 1999;9:31112. Pubmed link
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    • 450  Livideanu CB, Lamant L, Calonje E, et al. Purpuric lesions induced by UVA1 spectrum (340–400 nm) phototesting in an adult with persistent and severe hydroa vacciniforme. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010;26:1046. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 455  Zeng Y, Fu L, Jin H, Sun Q, Wang B. Hydroa vacciniforme‐like Epstein–Barr virus‐associated lymphoproliferative disease: a case report. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29:96100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 456  Xu Z, Lian S. Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lymphoma in seven chinese children. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:4639. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 457  Verneuil L, Gouarin S, Comoz F, et al. Epstein‐Barr virus involvement in the pathogenesis of hydroa vacciniforme: an assessment of seven adult patients with long‐term follow‐up. Br J Dermatol 2010;163:17482. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 458  Varughese N, Petrella T, Singer M, Carlson AJ. Plasmacytoid (CD68+CD123+) monocytes may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hydroa vacciniforme: a case report [Report]. Am J Dermatopathol 2009;31:82833. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 459  Iwatsuki K, Xu Z, Takata M, et al. The association of latent Epstein–Barr virus infection with hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:71521. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 460  Iwatsuki K, Satoh M, Yamamoto T, et al. Pathogenic link between hydroa vacciniforme and Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated hematologic disorders. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:58795. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 461  Zhang G, Bai HX, Yang L, et al. NK‐/T‐cell lymphoma resembling hydroa vacciniforme with positive CD4 marker expression: a diagnostic difficulty. Am J Dermatopathol 2013;35:947. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 462  Sangueza M, Plaza JA. Hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:11219. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 463  Rodriguez‐Pinilla SM, Barrionuevo C, Garcia JJ, , et al. EBV‐associated cutaneous NK/T‐cell lymphoma: review of a series of 14 cases from Peru in children and young adults. Am J Surg Pathol 2010;34:177382. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 464  Cho KH, Lee SH, Kim CW, et al. Epstein–Barr virus‐associated lymphoproliferative lesions presenting as a hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruption: an analysis of six cases. Br J Dermatol 2004;151:37280. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 465  Kawabe S, Ito Y, Gotoh K, et al. Application of flow cytometric in situ hybridization assay to Epstein–Barr virus‐associated T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Cancer Sci 2012;103:14818. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 466  Wada T, Toga A, Sakakibara Y, et al. Clonal expansion of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infected γδ T cells in patients with chronic active EBV disease and hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruptions. Int J Hematol 2012;96:4439. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 467  Andrews AD, Halasz CL, Poh‐Fitzpatrick MB. Abnormally low UV‐induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells from a patient with hydroa vacciniforme. Photodermatology 1985;2:31518. Pubmed link
    • 468  Hashizume H, Tokura Y, Oku T, Iwamoto Y, Takigawa M. Photodynamic DNA‐breaking activity of serum from patients with various photosensitivity dermatoses. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:58690. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 469  Sato K, Taguchi H, Maeda T, et al. The primary cytotoxicity in ultraviolet‐A‐irradiated riboflavin solution is derived from hydrogen peroxide. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:60812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 470  Eramo LR, Garden JM, Esterly NB. Hydroa vacciniforme: diagnosis by repetitive ultraviolet‐A phototesting. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:131013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 471  Gupta G, Mohamed M, Kemmett D. Familial hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Dermatol 1999;140(1):1246. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 472  Annamalai R. Hydroa vacciniforme in three alternate siblings. Arch Dermatol 1971;103:2245. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 473  McGrae JD, Perry HO. Hydroa vacciniforme. Arch Dermatol 1963;87:61825. Cross Ref link
    • 474  Hann SK, Im S, Park YK, Lee S. Hydroa vacciniforme with unusually severe scar formation: diagnosis by repetitive UVA phototesting. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:4013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 475  Drummond A, Bilsland DJ. Subungual haemorrhage in hydroa vacciniforme. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:2278. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 476  Kim WS, Yeo UC, Chun HS, Lee ES. A case of hydroa vacciniforme with unusual ear mutilation. Clin Exp Dermatol 1998;23:702. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 477  Trikha S, Turnbull A, Srikantha N, Krishnan R, Tappin A. Anterior keratouveitis secondary to hydroa vacciniforme: a role for ophthalmic slit‐lamp examination in this condition? Br Med J Case Rep 2011:pii:bcr0920103309; doi: 10.1136/bcr.09.2010.3309.
    • 478  Jeng BH, Margolis TP, Chandra NS, McCalmont TH. Ocular findings as a presenting sign of hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:14789. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 479  Leenutaphong V. Hydroa vacciniforme: an unusual clinical manifestation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:8925. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 480  Bennion SD, Johnson C, Weston WL. Hydroa vacciniforme with inflammatory keratitis and secondary anterior uveitis. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:3204. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 481  Wierzbicka E, Malthieu F, Villers A, Guillet G. Oral involvement in hydroa vacciniforme. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:64751. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 482  Halasz CLG, Leach EE, Walther RR, Poh‐Fitzpatrick MB. Hydroa vacciniforme: Induction of lesions with ultraviolet A. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:1716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 483  Ashurst PJ. Hydroa vacciniforme occurring in association with Hartnup disease. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:48692. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 484  Huggins RH, Leithauser LA, Eide MJ, Hexsel CL, Jacobsen G, Lim HW. Quality of life assessment and disease experience of patient members of a web‐based hydroa vacciniforme support group. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009;25:20915. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 485  Sunohara A, Mizuno N, Sakai M, Kawabe Y, Sakakibara S. Action spectrum for UV erythema and reproduction of the skin‐lesions in hydroa vacciniforme. Photodermatology 1988;5:13945. Pubmed link
    • 486  Leroy D, Dompmartin A, Michel M, Tack B, Bravard P, Louvet S. Factors influencing the photo‐reproduction of hydroa vacciniforme lesions. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1997;13:98102. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 487  Collins P, Ferguson J. Narrow‐band UVB (TL‐01) phototherapy – an effective preventative treatment for the photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:95663. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 488  Durbec F, ReguiaÏ Z, Leonard F, Pluot M, Bernard P. Efficacy of Ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment of refractory hydroa vacciniforme. Pediatr Dermatol 2011;29:11819. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 489  Modeste AB, Cordel N, Balguerie X, Leroy D, Lauret P, Joly P. Hydroa vacciniform: dietary fish oil. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2001;128:2479. Pubmed link
    • 490  Rhodes LE, White SI. Dietary fish oil as a photoprotective agent in hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:1738. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Exogenous drug‐ and chemical‐induced photosensitivity

    • 491  Ferguson J. Photosensitivity due to drugs. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002;18(5):2629. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 492  Ferguson J, DeLeo V. Drug and chemical photosensitivity: exogenous. In: Lim H, Honigsmann H, Hawk J, eds. Photodermatology. London: Informa Healthcare, 2007:199217.
    • 493  Gould JW, Mercurio MG, Elmets CA. Cutaneous photosensitivity diseases induced by exogenous agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33(4):55173. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 494  Stein K, Scheinfeld N. Drug‐induced photoallergic and phototoxic reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007;6(4):43143. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 495  Ferguson J. Drug‐induced photosensitivity. In: Ferguson J, Dover J, eds. Photodermatology. London: Manson Publishing, 2006:6671. Cross Ref link
    • 496  Glatz M, Hofbauer G. Phototoxic and photoallergic cutaneous drug reactions. Chem Immunol Allergy 2012;97:16779. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 497  Johnson BE, Ferguson J. Drug and chemical photosensitivity. Semin Dermatol 1990;9(1):3946. Pubmed link
    • 498  Kerr HA, Lim HW. Photodermatoses in African Americans: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients over a 7‐year period. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:63843. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 499  Khoo SW, Tay YK, Tham SN. Photodermatoses in a Singapore skin referral centre. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21(4):2638. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 500  Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papathanakou E, , et al. Spectrum of idiopathic photodermatoses in a Mediterranean country. Int J Dermatol 2003;42(6):44954. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 503  Tolland JP, Murphy BP, Boyle J, Hall V, McKenna KE, Elborn JS. Ciprofloxacin‐induced phototoxicity in an adult cystic fibrosis population. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(5):25860. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 504  Bruynzeel DP, Ferguson J, Andersen K, et al. Photopatch testing: a consensus methodology for Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004;18(6):67982. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 505  Gonçalo M, Ferguson J, Bonevalle A, et al. Photopatch testing: recommendations for a European photopatch test baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2013;68(4):23943. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 506  Ibbotson S, Farr P, Beck M. Photopatch testing – methods and indications. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:3716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 507  Kerr AC, Ferguson J, Haylett AK, et al. A European Multi‐centre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS). Br J Dermatol 2012;166(5):10029. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 508  Victor FC, Cohen DE, Soter NA. A 20‐year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62(4):60510. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 509  Bryden AM, Moseley H, Ibbotson SH, et al. Photopatch testing of 1155 patients: results of the UK multicentre photopatch study group. Br J Dermatol 2006;155(4):73747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 512  Selvaag E. Clinical drug photosensitivity. A retrospective analysis of reports to the Norwegian Adverse Drug Reactions Committee from the years 1970–1994. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1997;13(1–2):213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 513  Carlsen K, Weismann K. Phytophotodermatitis in 19 children admitted to hospital and their differential diagnoses: child abuse and herpes simplex virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57(Suppl.):S8891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 520  Collins P, Ferguson J. Photodistributed nifedipine‐induced facial telangiectasia. Br J Dermatol 1993;129(5):6303. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 521  Rubegni P, Feci L, Pellegrino M, Fimiani M. Photolocalized purpura during levofloxacin therapy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(2):1057. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 523  Johnston GA, Coulson IH. Thiazide‐induced lichenoid photosensitivity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002;27(8):6702. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 524  Burry J, Lawrence J. Phototoxic blisters from high frusemide dosage. Br J Dermatol 1976;94(5):4959. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 525  LaDuca J, Bouman P, Gaspari A. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced pseudoporphyria: a case series. J Cutan Med Surg 2002;6(4):3206. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 526  Sharp MT, Horn TD. Pseudoporphyria induced by voriconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53(2):3415. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 527  Reed BR, Huff JC, Jones SK, Orton PW, Lee LA, Norris DA. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with hydrochlorothiazide therapy. Ann Intern Med 1985;103(1):4951. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 529  Cooper SM, Wojnarowska F. Photo‐damage in northern Europe renal transplant recipients is associated with use of calcium channel blockers. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:58891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 537  Emmett EA, Taphorn BR, Kominsky JR. Phototoxicity occurring during the manufacture of ultraviolet‐cured ink. Arch Dermatol 1977;113(6):7705. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 538  Wilkinson DS. Photodermatitis due to tetrachlorsalicylanilide. Br J Dermatol 1961;73:21319. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 539  Wilkinson DS. Patch test reactions to certain halogenated salicylanilides. Br J Dermatol 1962;74:3026. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 540  Kerr A, Woods J, Ferguson J. Photocontact allergic and phototoxic studies of chlorproethazine. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2008;24:1115. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 541  Klaber R. Phytophotodermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1942;54:193211. Cross Ref link
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    • 543  Frain‐Bell W. A study of persistent photosensitivity as a sequel of the prior administration of the drug benoxaprofen. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:55162. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 544  Decastro JLC, Pereira MA, Nunes FP, Dossantos AP. Musk ambrette and chronic actinic dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(5):3026. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 545  Jaka A, Lopez‐Pestana A, Tuneu A, Lobo C, Lopez‐Nunez M, Ormaechae N. Letter: Photodistributed reticulated hyperpigmentation related to diltiazem. Dermatol Online J 2011;17(7):14. Pubmed link
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    • 549  Jensen AO, Thomsen HF, Engebjerg MC, Olesen AB, Sorensen HT, Karagas MR. Use of photosensitising diuretics and risk of skin cancer: a population‐based case‐control study. Br J Cancer 2008;99(9):15228. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 552  Stern RS, Laird N. The carcinogenic risk of treatments for severe psoriasis. Cancer 1994;73(11):275964. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 554  Cowen EW, Nguyen JC, Miller DD, et al. Chronic phototoxicity and aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in children and adults during treatment with voriconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62(1):317. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 555  Haylett AK, Felton S, Denning DW, Rhodes LE. Voriconazole‐induced photosensitivity: photobiological assessment of a case series of 12 patients. Br J Dermatol 2013;168(1):17985. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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    • 557  Johnson BE, Gibbs NK, Ferguson J. Quinolone antibiotic with potential to photosensitize skin tumorigenesis. J Photochem Photobiol B Biology 1997;37(3):1713. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 558  Perrett CM, Walker SL, O'Donovan P, et al. Azathioprine treatment photosensitizes human skin to ultraviolet A radiation. Br J Dermatol 2008;159(1):198204. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 559  Gelot P, Dutartre H, Khammari A, et al. Vemurafenib: an unusual UVA‐induced photosensitivity. Exp Dermatol 2013;22(4):2978. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 560  Boussemart L, Routier E, Mateus C, et al. Prospective study of cutaneous side‐effects associated with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib: a study of 42 patients. Ann Oncol 2013;24(6):16917. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 561  Brickl R, Schmid J, Koss FW. Clinical pharmacology of oral psoralen drugs. Photodermatology 1984;1:17486. Pubmed link
    • 562  Brickl R, Schmid J, Koss F. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psoralens after oral administration: considerations and conclusions. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1984;66:637. Pubmed link
    • 563  Oliveira HS, Gonçalo M, Figueiredo AC. Photosensitivity to lomefloxacin. A clinical and photobiological study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2000;16(3):11620. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 564  Ferguson J. Phototoxicity due to fluoroquinolones. In: Hooper D, Rubinstein E, eds. Quinolone Anti‐microbial Agents, 3rd edn. Washington: ASM Press, 2003:44958.
    • 565  Bellnier DA, Greco WR, Loewen GM, Nava H, Oseroff AR, Dougherty TJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of the PDT photosensitizers porfimer sodium (Photofrin), 2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a (Photochlor) and 5‐ala‐induced protoporphyrin IX. Lasers Surg Med 2006;38(5):43944. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 566  Bromley E, Briggs B, Keltner L, Wang S‐S. Characterization of cutaneous photosensitivity in healthy volunteers receiving talaporfin sodium. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(2):859. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 567  Yones SS, O'Donoghue NB, Palmer RA, Menage HD, Hawk JLM. Persistent severe amiodarone‐induced photosensitivity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30(5):5002. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 568  Ferguson J, Addo HA, Johnson BE, Frain‐Bell W. Quinine induced photosensitivity – clinical and experimental studies. Br J Dermatol 1987;117(5):63140. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 569  Metayer I, Balguerie X, Courville P, Lauret P, Joly P. Photodermatosis induced by hydroxychloroquine: 4 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2001;128(6–7):72931. Pubmed link
    • 570  O'Reilly FM, McKenna D, Murphy GM. Is monochromatic irradiation testing useful in the differentiation of drug‐induced photosensitivity from chronic actinic dermatitis? Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:11821. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 571  Lowe G, Walker EM, Johnson BE, Ferguson J. Thiazide‐induced photosensitivity, the use of bumetanide as alternative therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:58. Cross Ref link
    • 572  Cameron H, Dawe RS. Photosensitizing drugs may lower the narrow‐band ultraviolet B (TL‐01) minimal erythema dose. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(2):38990. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 573  Seto Y, Inoue R, Ochi M, Gandy G, Yamada S, Onoue S. Combined use of in vitro phototoxic assessments and cassette dosing pharmacokinetic study for phototoxicity characterization of fluoroquinolones. AAPS J 2011;13(3):48292. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 574  Layton A, Cunliffe J. Photosensitive eruptions to doxycycline – a dose related phenomenon. Br J Dermatol 1992;127(Suppl. 30):31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 575  Donta ST, Engel JCC, Collins JF, et al. Benefits and harms of doxycycline treatment for Gulf War veterans' illnesses. a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141(2):8594. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 576  Lim DS, Murphy GM. High level ultraviolet A photoprotection is needed to prevent doxycycline phototoxicity: lessons learned in East Timor. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:21314. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 577  Chalmers R, Muston H, Srinivas V, Bennett D. High incidence of amiodarone‐induced photosensitivity in north‐west England. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:341. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 578  Collins P, Ferguson J. Narrow‐band UVB (TL‐01) phototherapy – an effective preventative treatment for the photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 1995;132(6):95663. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 579  Elewski BE, Elmets CA. Drug‐induced photosensitivity with antimycotics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14(6):444. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 580  Alvarez‐Fernández J, Castaño‐Suárez E, Cornejo‐Navarro P, Gómez de la Fuente E, Ortiz de Frutos F, Iglesias‐Diez L. Photosensitivity induced by oral itraconazole. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14(6):5013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 581  Jiang C, Huang H, Liu J, Wang Y, Lu Z, Xu Z. Adverse events of pirfenidone for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2012;7(10):e47024. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 582  Sulkowski MS, Asselah T, Lalezari J, et al. Faldaprevir combined with pegylated interferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin in treatment‐naïve patients with chronic genotype1 HCV: SILEN‐C1 trial. Hepatology 2013;57(6):214354. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 583  Adamski H, Lopez L, Polard E, Chevrant‐Breton J, Dupuy A. Photodistributed eruption with rhabdomyolisis due to leflunomide. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(4):2223. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 584  Brazzelli V, Muzio F, Manna G, et al. Photoinduced dermatitis and oral lichenoid reaction in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with imatinib mesylate. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(1):25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Photoaggravated dermatoses

    • 585  Dawe R. Photo‐aggravated dermatoses. In: Ferguson J, Dover J, eds. Photodermatology. London: Manson Publishing, 2006:5765. Cross Ref link
    • 586  Frain‐Bell W. Cutaneous Photobiology: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985:1369.
    • 587  Kerker B, Morison W. The photoaggravated dermatoses. Semin Dermatol 1990;9(1):707. Pubmed link
    • 588  Werth V, Honigsmann H. Photoaggravated dermatoses. In: Lim H, Honigsmann H, Hawk J, eds. Photodermatology. London: Informa Healthcare, 2007:25266.
    • 589  Crouch RB, Foley PA, Baker CS. Analysis of patients with suspected photosensitivity referred for investigation to an Australian photodermatology clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48(5):71420. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 590  Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papathanakou E, et al. Spectrum of idiopathic photodermatoses in a Mediterranean country. Int J Dermatol 2003;42(6):44954. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 591  Wong SN, Khoo LSW. Analysis of photodermatoses seen in a predominantly Asian population at a photodermatology clinic in Singapore. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21:404. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 592  Ten Berge O, van Weelden H, Bruijnzeel‐Koomen CAFM, de Bruin‐Weller MS, Sigurdsson V. Throwing a light on photosensitivity in atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study. Am J Clin Dermatol 2009;10(2):11923. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 593  Sahoo B, Kumar B. The coexistence of photosensitive psoriasis with chronic actinic dermatitis. Dermatology 2002;204(1):779. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 594  Zalla M, Muller S. The coexistence of psoriasis with lupus erythematosus and other photosensitive disorders. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1996;195:115. Pubmed link
    • 595  Buhl T, Kruger U, Emmert S, Bertsch H, Mossner R. Photosensitive psoriasis vulgaris inducible by a single suberythematous dose of ultraviolet B irradiation. Acta Derm Venereol 2008;88(4):41416. Pubmed link
    • 596  Farber EM, Bright RD, Nall M. Psoriasis: a questionnaire survey of 2,144 patients. Arch Dermatol 1968;98(3):24859. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 597  Nalluri R, Arun B, Rhodes LE. Photoaggravated hand and foot psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010;26(5):2612. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 598  Ros A. Photosensitive psoriasis. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1987;131:148. Pubmed link
    • 599  Ros A. Photosensitive psoriasis. Semin Dermatol 1992;11(4):2678. Pubmed link
    • 600  Ros A, Eklund G. Photosensitive psoriasis. An epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;15(5 Pt 1):7528. Cross Ref link
    • 601  Ros AM, Wennersten G. PUVA therapy for photosensitive psorasis. Acta Derm Venereol 1987;67(6):5015. Pubmed link
    • 602  Rutter KJ, Watson REB, Cotterell LF, Brenn T, Griffiths CEM, Rhodes LE. Severely photosensitive psoriasis: a phenotypically defined patient subset. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129(12):28617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 603  Palmer RA, Hawk JLM. Light‐exacerbated seborrhoeic eczema: a severe photoprovocation from subclinical disease. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(Suppl. 64):93.
    • 604  Armisen M, Rodriguez V, Vidal C. Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis due to Rosmarinus officinalis cross‐reactive with Thymus vulgaris. Contact Dermititis 2003;48(1):523.
    • 605  Izu R, Aguirre A, Goicoechea A, Gardeazabal J, Diaz Perez J. Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis due to topical thiabendazole. Contact Dermititis 1993;28(4):2434. Cross Ref link
    • 606  Norris P, Hawk J. Actinic folliculitis – response to isotretinoin. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14(1):6971. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 607  Verbov J. Actinic folliculitis. Br J Dermatol 1985;113(5):6301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 608  Veysey EC, Geroge S. Actinic folliculitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:65961. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 609  Murphy G. Ultraviolet light and rosacea. Cutis 2004;74(Suppl. 3):136, 32–4. Pubmed link
    • 610  Gilchrest BA, Baden H. Photodistribution of viral exanthems. Pediatrics 1974;54(2):1368. Pubmed link
    • 611  Ichihashi M, Nagai H, Matsunaga K. Sunlight is an important causative factor of recurrent herpes simplex. Cutis 2004;74(Suppl. 5):1418. Pubmed link
    • 612  Calzavara Pinton PG, Venturini M, Capezzera R, Zane C, Facchetti F. Photosensitive erythema multiforme and erythema multiforme‐like polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2003;19(3):1579. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 613  Huff C, Weston WL. The photodistribution of erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 1980;116(4):477. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 614  Pérez‐Carmona L, Vaño‐Galvan S, Carrillo‐Gijón R, Jaén‐Olasolo P. Photosensitive erythema multiforme presenting as juvenile spring eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010;26(1):534. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 615  Foering K, Chang AY, Piette EW, Cucchiara A, Okawa J, Werth VP. Characterization of clinical photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69(2):20513. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 616  Kim A, Chong BF. Photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(1):411. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 617  Kuhn A, Gensch K, Haust M, et al. Photoprotective effects of a broad‐spectrum sunscreen in ultraviolet‐induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, vehicle‐controlled, double‐blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;64(1):3748. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 618  Sanders CJG, Van Weelden H, Kazzaz GAA, Sigurdsson V, Toonstra J, Bruijnzeel‐Koomen CAFM. Photosensitvity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:1317. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 619  Kuhn A, Richter‐Hintz D, Oslislo C, Ruzicka T, Megahed M, Lehmann P. Lupus erythematosus tumidus – a neglected subset of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: report of 40 cases. Arch Dermatol 2000;136(8):103341. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 620  Isaacson D, Turner M, Elgart M. Summertime actinic lichenoid eruption (lichen planus actinicus). J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4(4):40411. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 621  Kim G, Mikkilineni R. Lichen planus actinicus. Dermatol Online J 2007;13(1):13. Pubmed link
    • 622  Meyrick Thomas R, Munro D. Lichen planus in a photosensitive distribution due to quinine. Clin Exp Dermatol 1986;11(1):97101. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 623  Ramírez P, Feito M, Sendagorta E, González‐Beato M, De Lucas R. Childhood actinic lichen planus: successful treatment with antimalarials. Australas J Dermatol 2012;53(1):e1013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 624  Salman S, Kibbi A, Zaynoun S. Actinic lichen planus. A clinicopathologic study of 16 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20(2 Pt 1):22631. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 625  Wadhwani AR, Sharma VK, Ramam M, Khaitan BK. A clinical study of the spectrum of photodermatoses in dark‐skinned populations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;38(8):8239. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 626  Person J, Rogers RR. Bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis: does subclinical bullous pemphigoid exist? Br J Dermatol 1976;95(5):53540. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 627  Pfau A, Hohenleutner U, Hohenleutner S, Eckert F, Landthaler M. UV‐A provoked localized bullous pemphigoid. Acta Derm Venereol 1994;74(4):31416. Pubmed link
    • 628  Thomsen K, Schmidt H. PUVA‐induced bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 1976;95(5):5689. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 629  Muramatsu T, Iida T, Ko T, Shirai T. Pemphigus vulgaris exacerbated by exposure to sunlight. J Dermatol 1996;23(8):55963. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 630  Dourmishev L, Meffert H, Piazena H. Dermatomyositis: comparative studies of cutaneous photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus and normal subjects. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2004;20(5):2304. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 631  Baba T, Yaoita H. UV radiation and keratosis follicularis. Arch Dermatol 1984;120(11):14847. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 632  Davis MDP, Dinneen AM, Landa N, Gibson LE. Grover's disease: clinicopathologic review of 72 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74(3):22934. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 633  Kimoto M, Akiyama M, Matsuo I. Darier's disease restricted to sun‐exposed areas. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004;29(1):379. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 634  Bencini PL, Crosti C, Sala F. Porokeratosis: immunosuppression and exposure to sunlight. Br J Dermatol 1987;116(1):11316. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 635  Fleischer AJ, Donahue M, Feldman S. Tanning salon porokeratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29(5 Pt 1):8788. Cross Ref link
    • 636  Ibbotson S. Disseminated superficial porokeratosis: what is the association with ultraviolet radiation? Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21(1):4850. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 637  Neumann R, Knobler R, Jurecka W, Gebhart W. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: experimental induction and exacerbation of skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(6):11828. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 638  Hegyi J, Schwartz RA, Hegyi V. Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. Int J Dermatol 2004;43(1):15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 639  Volden G. Light sensitivity in mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol 1977;97(3):27984. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 640  Passeron T. Melasma pathogenesis and influencing factors – an overview of the latest research. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27:56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 641  Tamega ADA, Miot LDB, Bonfietti C, Gige TC, Marques MEA, Miot HA. Clinical patterns and epidemiological characteristics of facial melasma in Brazilian women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27(2):1516. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 642  Swoboda A, Kasche A, Baumstark J,Worret WI, Ring J, Eberlein‐König B. Vitiliginous lesions after photosensitive dermatitis due to flutamide. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21(5):6812. Pubmed link
    • 643  Evangelou G, Murdoch SR, Palamaras I, Rhodes LE. Photoaggravated pityriasis rubra pilaris. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005;21(5):2724. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 644  Marguery M, Durand‐Malgouyres C, Bayle‐Lebey P, Dupin P, Bazex J Photosensitive and phototriggered pityriasis rubra pilaris. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1994;10(1):425. Pubmed link
    • 645  Adamski H, Le Gall F, Chevrant‐Breton J. Positive photobiological investigation in reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2004;20(5):2358. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 646  O'Brien JP. Actinic granuloma: an annular connective tissue disorder affecting sun and heat‐damaged (elastotic) skin. Arch Dermatol 1975;111(4):4606. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 647  Belhadjali H, Marguery MC, Lamant L, Giordano‐Labadie F, Bazex J. Photosensitivity in Sweet's syndrome: two cases that were photoinduced and photoaggravated. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:6758. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 648  Meyer V, Schneider S, Bonsmann G, Beissert S. Experimentally confirmed induction of Sweet's syndrome by phototesting. Acta Derm Venereol 2011;91(6):7201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 649  Natkunarajah J, Gordon K, Chow J, Sarkany R, Millington GW, Marsden RA. Photoaggravated Sweet's syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010;35(3):e1819. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Clinical assessment and management of a patient with suspected photosensitivity

    • 650  Diffey BL, Farr PM, Ive FA. The establishment and clinical‐value of a dermatological photobiology service in a district general‐hospital. Br J Dermatol 1984;110(2):18794. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 651  Mackenzie LA, Frain‐Bell W. The construction and development of a grating monochromator and its application to the study of the reaction of the skin to light. BrJ Dermatol 1973;89:25164. Cross Ref link
    • 652  O'Reilly FM, McKenna D, Murphy GM. Is monochromatic irradiation testing useful in the differentiation of drug‐induced photosensitivity from chronic actinic dermatitis? Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:11821. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 653  Holzle E, Plewig G, Hofmann C, Rosermaass E. Polymorphous light eruption – experimental reproduction of skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7(1):11125. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 654  Wulf H, Brodthagen H. Solar simulators: modifications for testing with visible light. Acta Dermatol Venereol 1983;63(3):2402.
    • 655  Eadie E, Ferguson J, Moseley H. A preliminary investigation into the effect of exposure of photosensitive individuals to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Br J Dermatol 2009;160(3):65964. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 656  Fenton L, Ferguson J, Ibbotson S, Moseley H. Energy saving lamps and their impact on photosensitive and normal individuals. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:91015. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 657  Moseley H, Ferguson J. The risk to normal and photosensitive individuals from exposure to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2011;27(3):1317. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 658  Fenton L, Moseley H. UV emissions from low energy artificial light sources. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2014;30(2/3);1539. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 659  Bruynzeel DP, Ferguson J, Andersen K, et al. Photopatch testing: a consensus methodology for Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004;18(6):67982. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 660  Bryden AM, Moseley H, Ibbotson SH, et al. Photopatch testing of 1155 patients: results of the UK multicentre photopatch study group. Br J Dermatol 2006;155(4):73747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 661  Gonçalo M, Ferguson J, Bonevalle A, et al. Photopatch testing: recommendations for a European photopatch test baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2013;68(4):23943. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 662  Ibbotson S, Farr P, Beck M. Photopatch testing – methods and indications. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:3716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 663  Kerr AC, Ferguson J, Haylett AK, et al. A European Multi‐centre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS). Br J Dermatol 2012;166(5):10029. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 664  Victor FC, Cohen DE, Soter NA. A 20‐year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62(4):60510. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 665  Azurdia RM, Pagliaro JA, Diffey BL, Rhodes LE. Sunscreen application by photosensitive patients is inadequate for protection. Br J Dermatol 1999;140(2):2558. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 666  Bech‐Thomsen N, Wulf H. Sunbathers' application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1992–1993;9(6):2424. Pubmed link
    • 667  Brown S, Diffey BL. The effect of applied thickness on sunscreen protection: in vivo and in vitro studies. Photochem Photobiol 1986;44(4):50913. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 668  Diffey B, Farr P. An evaluation of sunscreens in patients with broad action‐spectrum photosensitivity. Br J Dermatol 1985;112(1):836. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 669  Farr PM, Diffey BL. How reliable are sunscreen protection factors. Br J Dermatol 1985;112(1):11318. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 670  Petersen B, Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Young AR, Wulf HC. A sun holiday is a sunburn holiday. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(4):2214. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 671  Moseley H, Cameron H, MacLeod TM, Clark C, Dawe RS, Ferguson J. New sunscreens confer improved protection for photosensitive patients in the blue light region. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:78994. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 672  Dawe RS, Russell S, Ferguson J. Borrowing from museums and industry: two photoprotective devices. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:101617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 673  Jong CT, Finlay AY, Pearse AD, et al. The quality of life of 790 patients with photodermatoses. Br J Dermatol 2008;159(1):1927. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 674  Stafford R, Farrar MD, Kift R, et al. The impact of photosensitivity disorders on aspects of lifestyle. Br J Dermatol 2010;163(4):81722. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 675  Rizwan M, Reddick CL, Bundy C, Unsworth R, Richards HL, Rhodes LE. Photodermatoses: environmentally induced conditions with high psychological impact. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013;12(1):1829. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 676  Richards HL, Ling TC, Evangelou G, Brooke RCC, Fortune DG, Rhodes LE. Evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression in polymorphic light eruption and their association with clinical and demographic variables. Br J Dermatol 2008;159(2):43944. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 677  Rizwan M, Haylett AK, Richards HL, Ling TC, Rhodes LE. Impact of photosensitivity disorders on the life quality of children. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2012;28(6):2902. Cross Ref link Pubmed link