Occupational irritant contact dermatitis

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  • 3  Foulds IS, Koh D. Dermatitis from metalworking fluids. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;15:157–62. Cross Ref link
  • 4  Pryce DW, White J, English JSC, et al. Soluble oil dermatitis: a review. J Soc Occup Med 1989;39:93–8. Cross Ref link
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  • 25  Nicholson PJ, Llewellyn D, English JS, et al. Evidence based guidelines for the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 2010;63:177–86. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 28  Meding B, Swanbeck G. Occupational hand eczema in an industrial city. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:13–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 29  Malten KE, Fregert S, Bandmann HJ, et al. Occupational dermatitis in five European dermatology departments. Berufsdermatosen 1963;11:181–244.
  • 30  Fregert S. Occupational dermatitis in a 10‐year material. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:96–107. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 31  Campion KM, Rycroft RJG. A study of attenders at an occupational dermatology clinic. Contact Dermatitis 1993;28:307. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 32  Coenraads PJ, Foo SC, Phoon WO, et al. Dermatitis in small‐scale metal industries. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12:155–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 34  Turner S, Carder M, van Tongeren M, et al. The incidence of occupational skin disease as reported to The Health and Occupation Reporting (THOR) network between 2002 and 2005. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:713–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 35  Meneghini CL, Rantuccio F, Riboldi A. [Klinisch‐allergologische Beobachtungen bei beruflichen ekzematösen Kontakt‐Dermatosen.] Berufsdermatosen 1963;11:181–202,280–93.
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  • 38  Rycroft RJG. Occupational contact dermatitis. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001:555–80. Cross Ref link
  • 39  Wahlberg JE. Health‐screening for occupational skin diseases in building workers. Berufsdermatosen 1969;17:184–98. Pubmed link
  • 40  Agrup G. Hand eczema and other hand dermatoses in South Sweden. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1969;49(Suppl. 69):59.
  • 41  Fregert S. Occupational dermatitis in a 10‐year material. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:96–107. Cross Ref link
  • 42  Engel HO, Calnan CD. Chromate dermatitis from paint. Br J Ind Med 1963;20:192–8.
  • 43  Rivett J, Merrick C. Prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:304–5. Cross Ref link
  • 44  Wagner G, Wezel G. [Art und Häufigkeit hautschädigender Berufsnoxen in Schleswig‐Holstein. Ergebnisse einer statistischen Analyse der von 1952–62 an der Universitäts‐Hautklinik Kiel erstellten Gutachten über Berufsdermatosen.] Berufsdermatosen 1966;14:1–40.
  • 45  Landeck L, Visser M, Skudlik C, et al. Clinical course of occupational irritant contact dermatitis of the hands in relation to filaggrin genotype status and atopy. Br J Dermatol 2012;167:1302‐9. Cross Ref link
  • 46  Meding B, Swanbeck G. Occupational hand eczema in an industrial city. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:13–23. Cross Ref link
  • 47  Fregert S, Hjorth N, Magnusson B, et al. Epidemiology of contact dermatitis. Trans St John's Hosp Dermatol Soc 1969;55:17–35.
  • 48  Held E, Skoet R, Johansen JD, et al. The hand eczema severity index (HECSI): a scoring system for clinical assessment of hand eczema. A study of inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:302‐7. Cross Ref link
  • 49  Rycroft RJG. Occupational contact dermatitis. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001: 555–80. Cross Ref link
  • 50  Fregert S. Occupational dermatitis in a 10‐year material. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:96–107. Cross Ref link
  • 51  Pryce DW, Irvine D, English JSC, et al. Soluble oil dermatitis: a follow‐up study. Contact Dermatitis 1989;21:28–35. Cross Ref link
  • 52  Adishesh A, Meyer JD, Cherry NM. Prognosis and work absence due to occupational contact dermatitis: outcome of cases reported to EPIDERM. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:273–9. Cross Ref link
  • 53  Sajjachareonpong P, Cahill J, Keegel T, et al. Persistent post‐occupational dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51:278–83. Cross Ref link
  • 54  Cvetkovski RS, Rothman KJ, Olsen J, et al. Relation between diagnoses on severity, sick leave and loss of job among patients with occupational hand eczema. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:93–8. Cross Ref link
  • 55  Gruvberger B, Bruze M, Fregert S. Spot tests and chemical analyses for allergen evaluation. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001: 495–510. Cross Ref link
  • 56  Fregert S. Physicochemical methods for detection of contact allergens. Dermatol Clin 1988;6:97–104.
  • 57  Fregert S. Manual of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1981:31.
  • 58  Flyvholm MA, Tiedemann E, Menné T. Comparison of 2 tests for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:35–8. Cross Ref link
  • 59  Fregert S, Trulsson L. Simple methods for demonstration of epoxy resins of bisphenol A type. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4:69–72. Cross Ref link
  • 60  Foussereau J, Benezra C, Maibach HI. Occupational Contact Dermatitis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1982: 80–9.
  • 61  Adams RM. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and plant inspection. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:279–90.
  • 62  Calnan CD. Dermatology and industry. Clin Exp Dermatol 1978;3:1–16. Cross Ref link
  • 63  Carmichael AJ, Foulds IS. Performing a factory visit. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18:208–10. Cross Ref link
  • 64  Rycroft RJG. Plant survey and inspection. In: Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI, eds. Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. Berlin: Springer, 2000: 437–40. Cross Ref link
  • 65  Rycroft RJG. Looking at work dermatologically. Dermatol Clin 1988;6:1–5.
  • 66  Rycroft RJG. Occupational dermatoses in perspective. Lancet 1980;ii:24–6. Cross Ref link
  • 67  Maguire A. Psychic possession among industrial workers. Lancet 1978;i:376–8. Cross Ref link
  • 68  Valsecchi R, Cassina G, Leghissa P, et al. Cooperation between departments of dermatology and occupational disease: an eighteen months' experience results. Boll Dermatol Allergol Prof 1987;2:192–8.
  • 69  Adams RM. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and plant inspection. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:279–90.
  • 70  Rycroft RJG. Occupational contact dermatitis. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001:555–80. Cross Ref link
  • 71  Foussereau J, Benezra C, Maibach HI. Occupational Contact Dermatitis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1982:78–9.
  • 72  Fregert S. Manual of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1981:105–14.
  • 73  Ellenbecker MJ. Engineering controls as an intervention to reduce worker exposure. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:303–7. Cross Ref link
  • 74  Church R. Prevention of dermatitis and its medico‐legal aspects. Br J Dermatol 1981;105(Suppl. 21):85–90. Cross Ref link
  • 75  Estlander T, Jolanki R. How to protect the hands. Dermatol Clin 1988;6:105–14. Cross Ref link
  • 76  Forsberg K, Keith LH. Chemical Protective Clothing Performance Index Book. New York: Wiley, 1989.
  • 77  Mellstrom G, Carlsson B. Second Scandinavian Symposium on Protective Clothing Against Chemicals and Other Health Risks. Arbete Och Hälsa Vetenskaplig Skriftserie, 1987: 12.
  • 78  Wahlberg JE. Prophylaxis of contact dermatitis. Semin Dermatol 1986;5:255–62.
  • 79  Wilkinson DS. Protective gloves. In: Griffiths WAD, Wilkinson DS, eds. Essentials of Industrial Dermatology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1985:101–5.
  • 80  Darre E, Vedel P, Jensen JS. Skin protection against methyl‐methacrylate. Acta Orthop Scand 1987;58:236–8. Cross Ref link
  • 81  Fregert S. Possibilities of skin contact in automatic processes. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6:23.
  • 82  Zschunke E. Management of industrial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6:18–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 83  Calnan CD. Studies in contact dermatitis, 23: allergen replacement. Trans St John's Hosp Dermatol Soc 1970;56:131–8.
  • 84  de Fine Olivarius F, Hansen AB, Karlsmark T, et al. Water protective effect of barrier creams and moisturizing creams: a new in vivo test method. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:219–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 85  Mortz CG, Andersen KE, Halkier‐Sorensen L. The efficacy of different moisturizers on barrier recovery in hairless mice evaluated by non‐invasive bioengineering methods. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:297–301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 86  Schlüter‐Wigger W, Elsner P. Efficacy of 4 commercially available protective creams in the repetitive irritation test (RIT). Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:278–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 87  Grunewald AM, Gloor M, Gehring W, et al. Barrier creams: commercially available barrier creams versus urea‐ and glycerol‐containing oil‐in‐water emulsions. Dermatosen 1995;43:69–74.
  • 88  Gawkrodger DJ, Healy J, Howe AM. The prevention of nickel contact dermatitis: a review of the use of binding agents and barrier creams. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:257–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 89  Agner T, Held E. Skin protection programmes. Contact Dermatitis 2002;47:253–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 90  Dickel H, Kuss O, Schmidt A, Diepgen TI. Impact of preventative strategies on trend of occupational skin disease in hairdressers: population based register study. BMJ 2002;324:1422–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 91  Brown TP, Rushton L, Williams HC, et al. Intervention development in occupational research: an example from the printing industry. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:261–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 92  Adams RM. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and plant inspection. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:279–90.
  • 93  Rycroft RJG. Occupational contact dermatitis. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin J‐P, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001:555–80. Cross Ref link
  • 94  Calnan CD, Rycroft RJG. Rehabilitation in occupational skin disease. Trans Coll Med S Afr 1981;25(Suppl.):136–43.
  • 95  Fregert S. Occupational dermatitis in a 10‐year material. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:96–107. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 96  Fregert S. Manual of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1981:110–14,115–16.
  • 97  Frosch PJ, Kligman AM. The chamber‐scarification test for irritancy. Contact Dermatitis 1976;2:314–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 98  Kligman AM, Wooding WM. A method for the measurement and evaluation of irritants on human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1967;49:78–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 99  Schlede E, Eppler R. Testing for skin sensitization according to the notification procedure for new chemicals: the Magnusson and Kligman test. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:1–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 100  Magnusson B. Identification of contact sensitizers by animal assay. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6:46–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 101  Magnusson B, Fregert S, Wahlberg J. Determination of Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals. Predictive Testing in Guinea Pigs. Stockholm: Liber Tryck, 1979 (Arbete Och Hälsa, Ventenskaplig Skriftserie, 26 (E)).
  • 102  Magnusson B, Kligman AM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig: Identification of Contact Allergens. Springfield: Thomas, 1970.
  • 103  Maurer T. Contact and Photocontact Allergens: a Manual of Predictive Test Methods. New York: Dekker, 1983.
  • 104  Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. Identification of topical photosensitizing agents in humans. J Invest Dermatol 1978;70:149–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 105  Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM. Photomaximization test for identifying photoallergic contact sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6:161–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 106  Maurer TH, Weirich EC, Hess R. Predictive animal testing for photocontact allergenicity. Br J Dermatol 1980;103:593–605. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 107  Dupuis G, Benezra C. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Simple Chemicals: a Molecular Approach. New York: Dekker, 1982.
  • 108  Kligman AM, Basketter DA. A critical commentary and updating of the guinea pig maximization test. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:129–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 109  Sato Y, Katsumura Y, Ichikawa H, et al. A modified technique of guinea pig testing to identify delayed hypersensitivity allergens. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7:225–37. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 110  Shillaker RO, Bell GM, Hodgson JT, et al. Guinea pig maximisation test for skin sensitisation: the use of fewer test animals. Arch Toxicol 1989;63:283–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 111  Goodwin BFJ, Crevel RWR, Johnson AW. A comparison of three guinea‐pig sensitization procedures for the detection of 19 reported human contact sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7:248–58. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 112  Maurer T, Hess R, Weirich EG. [Prädiktive tierexperimentelle Kontaktallergenitätsprüfung. Relevanz der Methoden der OECD‐ und EG‐Richtlinien.] Dermatosen 1985;33:6–11.
  • 113  Ziegler V, Süss E. Methodological problems in detecting new allergens in animal experiments. Dermatosen 1980;28:152–7.
  • 114  Weil CS, Scala RA. Study of intra‐ and interlaboratory variability in the results of rabbit eye and skin irritation tests. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1971;19:276–360. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 115  Roupe G, Ridell B. The cellular infiltrate in contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1979;59:191–5.
  • 116  Maisey J, Purchase R, Robbins MC, et al. Evaluation of the sensitizing potential of 4 polyamines present in technical triethylenetetramine using 2 animal species. Contact Dermatitis 1988;18:133–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 117  Basketter DA, Kimber I. Olive oil: suitability for use in the local lymph node assay. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:190–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 118  Frosch PJ. Cutaneous irritation. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer, 1995:28–61. Cross Ref link
  • 119  Iliev D, Hinnen U, Elsner P. Reproducibility of a non‐invasive skin irritancy test in a cohort of metalworker trainees. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:101–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 120  Foussereau J, Benezra C, Maibach HI. Occupational Contact Dermatitis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1982:76–7.
  • 121  Björnberg A. Skin Reactions to Primary Irritants in Patients with Hand Eczema. Göteborg, Sweden:1968.
  • 122  Smith HR, Armstrong DK, Holloway D, et al. Skin irritation thresholds in hairdressers: implications for the development of hand dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:849–52. Cross Ref link
  • 123  Frosch PJ. Cutaneous irritation. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer, 1995: 28–61. Cross Ref link
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  • 129  Fenske RA. Correlation of fluorescent tracer measurements of dermal exposure and urinary metabolite excretion during occupational exposure to malathion. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1988;49:438–44. Cross Ref link

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis

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  • 131  Veien NK. Allergic contact dermatitis: immunological aspects and common occupational causes. In: English JSC, ed. A Colour Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. London: Manson, 1998:31–52.
  • 132  Foussereau J, Benezra C, Maibach HI. Occupational Contact Dermatitis. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1982.
  • 133  Dickel H. Kuss O, Schmidt A, et al. Occupational relevance of positive standard patch‐test results in employed persons with an initial report of an occupational skin disease. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002;75:423–34. Cross Ref link
  • 134  Fregert S. Manual of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1981:88.
  • 135  Burrows D, Adams RM, Flint GN. Metals. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999: 395–433.
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  • 138  Freeman S. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:189–207.
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  • 146  Ale SI, Maibach HI. Occupational contact urticaria. In: Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI, eds. Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. Berlin: Springer, 2000:201.
  • 147  Adams RM. Patch testing: a recapitulation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:629–43. Cross Ref link
  • 148  Wahlberg JE. Patch testing. In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin JP, eds. Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 2001:435–78. Cross Ref link
  • 149  Fischer T, Adams RM. Diagnostic patch testing. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:221–50.
  • 150  Fregert S. Manual of Contact Dermatitis, 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1981.
  • 151  Dickel H. Kuss O, Schmidt A, et al. Occupational relevance of positive standard patch‐test results in employed persons with an initial report of an occupational skin disease. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002;75:423–34. Cross Ref link
  • 152  Rycroft RJG. Problems in occupational allergy. Semin Dermatol 1982;1:43–7.
  • 153  Adams RM. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and plant inspection. In: Adams RM, ed. Occupational Skin Disease, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1999:279–90.
  • 154  Carmichael AJ, Foulds IS. Performing a factory visit. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18:208–10. Cross Ref link
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Acne of chemical origin

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Occupational dyspigmentation

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Occupationally induced skin tumours

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Vibration white finger

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