Part 12, Reference for Chapter 146: Skin Cancer in the Immunocompromised Patient
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- 1 Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update on the classification from the international union of immunological societies expert committee for primary immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2014;5:162. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 2 Host defenses against human papillomaviruses: lessons from epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008;321:59–83. Pubmed link .
- 3 Genetics of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Insights into host defense against papillomaviruses. Semin Immunol 2006 Dec;18(6):362–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 4 The EVER proteins as a natural barrier against papillomaviruses: a new insight into the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus infections. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009 Jun;73(2):348–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 5 EVER2 deficiency is associated with mild T‐cell abnormalities. J Clin Immunol 2013 Jan;33(1):14–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 6 Inherited MST1 deficiency underlies susceptibility to EV‐HPV infections. PLOS One 2012;7(8):e44010. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 7 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis‐like eruption associated with HIV infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004 May;29(3):311–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 8 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a HIV‐positive patient homozygous for the c917A–>T polymorphism in the TMC8/EVER2 gene. Dermatology 2009;218(2):114–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 9 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients: a marker of human papillomavirus‐related disorders not affected by antiretroviral therapy. Arch Dermatol 2011 May;147(5):590–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 10 Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009 Feb;60(2):315–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 11 Warts and all: human papillomavirus in primary immunodeficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012 Nov;130(5):1030–48. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 12 Severe cutaneous papillomavirus disease after haemopoietic stem‐cell transplantation in patients with severe combined immune deficiency caused by common gammac cytokine receptor subunit or JAK‐3 deficiency. Lancet 2004 Jun 19;363(9426):2051–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 13 Severe cutaneous papillomavirus disease after haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Br J Haematol 2004 Oct;127(2):232–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 14 Description and outcome of a cohort of 8 patients with WHIM syndrome from the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012;7:71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 15 Combined immunodeficiency associated with DOCK8 mutations. N Engl J Med 2009 Nov 19;361(21):2046–55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 16 Cutaneous manifestations of DOCK8 deficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol 2012 Jan;148(1):79–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 17 Common variable immunodeficiency: a new look at an old disease. Lancet 2008 Aug 9;372(9637):489–502. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 18 Multiple invasive squamous cell carcinomas and common variable immunodeficiency. Arch Dermatol 1992 Mar;128(3):412–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 19 Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007;8(5):307–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 20 Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2009 Jun 18;113(25):6288–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 21 The genetics and clinical manifestations of telomere biology disorders. Genet Med 2010 Dec;12(12):753–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 22 Human papillomavirus infection in Netherton's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2001 May;144(5):1044–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 23 A population‐based study of skin cancer incidence and prevalence in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2006 Mar;154(3):498–504. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 24 Progress in skin cancer: the U.K. experience. Br J Dermatol 2014 Sep;171(3):443–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 25 Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta‐analysis. Lancet 2007 Jul 7;370(9581):59–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 26 Epidemiology of nonkeratinocytic skin cancers among persons with AIDS in the United States. AIDS (London) 2009 Jan 28;23(3):385–93. Cross Ref link , , , , , .
- 27 The rising challenge of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers in HIV‐infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2012 Nov;55(9):1228–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 28 Melanoma in immunosuppressed patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Oct;87(10):991–1003. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 29 Incidence of types of cancer among HIV‐infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992–2003. Ann Int Med 2008 May 20;148(10):728–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 30 Skin cancers and non‐hodgkin lymphoma among users of systemic glucocorticoids: a p6opulation‐based cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004 May 5;96(9):709–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 31 Cutaneous malignancies among HIV‐infected persons. Arch Intern Med 2009 Jun 22;169(12):1130–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 32 HIV infection status, immunodeficiency, and the incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013 Mar 6;105(5):350–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 33 Lymphoma‐associated skin cancer: incidence, natural history, and clinical management. Int J Dermatol 2014 Mar;53(3):267–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 34 An association between cutaneous melanoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: pooled analysis of published data with a review. Ann Oncol 2005 Mar;16(3):460–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 35 Second malignancy risks after non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: differences by lymphoma subtype. J Clin Oncol 2010 Nov 20;28(33):4935–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 36 Second cancer incidence and cancer mortality among chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients: a population‐based study. Br J Cancer 2011 Sep 27;105(7):1076–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 37 Skin cancer in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2012 Sep;10(9):571–6. Pubmed link , .
- 38 Increased incidence and recurrence rates of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a Rochester Epidemiology Project population‐based study in Minnesota. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015 Feb;72(2):302–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 39 Increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia among cancer survivors in the Netherlands: increased detection, causal factors or both? Ann Hematol 2014 Jan;93(1):157–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 40 Cutaneous findings in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Dermatol 2004 Jun;150(6):1129–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 41 Utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography for nodal staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Otolaryngol 2014 Jan–Feb;35(1):66–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 42 Association of advanced leukemic stage and skin cancer tumor stage with poor skin cancer outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JAMA Dermatol 2014 Mar;150(3):280–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 43 Solid tumors after chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001 Sep 15;98(6):1979–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 44 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with decreased survival of patients with malignant melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma in a SEER population‐based study. J Clin Oncol 2012 Mar 10;30(8):843–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 45 HIV‐associated primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological subset with more aggressive behavior? Case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2012 Dec;39(12):1100–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 46 Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA 2006 Dec 20;296(23):2823–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 47 Risk of skin cancer and other malignancies in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients 1970 to 2008‐A Swedish population‐based study. Int J Cancer 2013 Mar 15;132(6):1429–38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 48 Cancer incidence among Canadian kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2007 Apr;7(4):941–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 49 Risk of de novo cancers after transplantation: results from a cohort of 7217 kidney transplant recipients, Italy 1997–2009. Eur J Cancer 2013 Jan;49(2):336–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 50 A surveillance model for skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: a 22‐year prospective study in an ethnically diverse population. Am J Transplant 2013 Jan;13(1):119–29. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 51 Incidence, risk factors, and preventative management of skin cancers in organ transplant recipients: a review of single‐ and multicenter retrospective studies from 2006 to 2010. Dermatol Surg 2013 Mar;39(3):345–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 52 Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: risk factor analysis and relevance of immunosuppressive therapy. Circulation 2000 Nov 7;102(19 Suppl. 3):III222–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 53 Risk factors for non‐melanoma skin cancer in kidney transplant patients in a Spanish population in the Mediterranean region. Acta Dermato‐Venereol 2013;93(4):422–7. , , , , , .
- 54 Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Mar;32(3):458–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 55 Epidermal dysplasia and neoplasia in kidney transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Oct;33(4):590–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 56 Cancer incidence in 854 kidney transplant recipients from a single institution: comparison with normal population and with patients under dialytic treatment. Clin Transplant 1996 Oct;10(5):461–9. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 57 A prospective study of the incidence of skin cancer and its risk factors in a Spanish Mediterranean population of kidney transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2003 Dec;149(6):1221–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 58 Influence of immunosuppression on the prevalence of cancer after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2003 Aug;35(5):1714–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 59 Incidence and risk factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer after heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010 Oct;42(8):3001–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 60 Skin cancers after liver transplantation: retrospective single‐center study on 371 recipients. Transplantation 2014 Aug 15;98(3):335–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 61 Skin tumours posttransplantation: a retrospective analysis of 28 years' experience at a single centre. Transplant Proc 1997 Feb–Mar;29(1–2):828–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 62 Skin cancers after organ transplantation. N Engl J Med 2003 Apr 24;348(17):1681–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 63 Kidney transplant recipients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma have an increased risk of internal malignancy. J Invest Dermatol 2012 Sep;132(9):2176–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 64 Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans in a renal transplant recipient. Histopathology 2003 Feb;42(2):198–200. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 65 Low‐dose retinoids in the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients: a 16‐year retrospective study. Arch Dermatol 2005 Apr;141(4):456–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 66 Clinical spectrum of atypical fibroxanthoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in solid organ transplant recipients: a collective experience. Dermatol Surg 2012 Feb;38(2):230–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 67 Pain identifies squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: the SCOPE‐ITSCC PAIN study. Am J Transplant 2014 Mar;14(3):668–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 68 Skin cancers in renal‐transplant recipients occur more frequently than previously recognized in a temperate climate. Transplantation 2004 Feb 27;77(4):574–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 69 Subsequent skin cancers in kidney and heart transplant recipients after the first squamous cell carcinoma. Transplantation 2006 Apr 27;81(8):1093–100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 70 Subsequent squamous‐ and basal‐cell carcinomas in kidney‐transplant recipients after the first skin cancer: cumulative incidence and risk factors. Transplantation 2010 May 27;89(10):1231–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 71 Incidence and clinical predictors of a subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients with a first nonmelanoma skin cancer: a multicenter cohort study. Arch Dermatol 2010 Mar;146(3):294–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 72 Timing of subsequent new tumors in patients who present with basal cell carcinoma or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA Dermatol 2015 Apr;151(4):382–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 73 Incidence and prediction of nonmelanoma skin cancer post‐renal transplantation: a prospective study in Queensland, Australia. Am J Kidney Dis 2003 Mar;41(3):676–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 74 Baseline quality of life and anxiety in solid organ transplant recipients: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2006 Dec;32(12):1480–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 75 The impact of skin disease following renal transplantation on quality of life. Br J Dermatol 2005 Sep;153(3):574–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 76 The epidemiology of transplant‐associated keratinocyte cancers in different geographical regions. Cancer Treat Res 2009;146:75–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 77 Skin cancer in Australian heart transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999 Jan;40(1):27–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 78 The risk of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia. A follow‐up study. Transplantation 1996 Mar 15;61(5):715–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 79 Skin cancer risk among solid organ recipients: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Acta Derm Venereol 2010 Sep;90(5):474–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 80 Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and pattern of malignancies after kidney transplantation. Medicine 2005 Jan;84(1):12–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link .
- 81 Kaposi's sarcoma: the most common tumor after renal transplantation in Saudi Arabia. Am J Med 1988 Feb;84(2):225–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 82 Kaposi's sarcoma in renal transplant recipients: a report on 26 cases from a single institution. Transplant Proc 1993 Feb;25(1 Pt 2):1402–5. Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 83 Kaposi's sarcoma in kidney transplant recipients: a 23‐year experience. Q J Med 2005 Mar;98(3):205–14. Cross Ref link .
- 84 Malignancies in organ transplant recipients. Pathol Int 2004 Sep;54(9):649–58. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 85 Low incidence of malignancy after transplantation in Chinese heart allograft recipients. Transplant Int 2005 Mar;18(3):283–8. Cross Ref link , , , , , .
- 86 Incidence of primary skin cancer after organ transplantation: An 18‐year single‐center experience in Korea. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Mar;70(3):465–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 87 Skin surveillance of a U.K. paediatric transplant population. Br J Dermatol 2007 Jan;156(1):45–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 88 Malignancy incidence after renal transplantation in children: a 20‐year single‐centre experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010 Feb;25(2):611–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 89 Skin cancers following pediatric organ transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 2):616–21. Pubmed link , , , .
- 90 Post‐transplant skin cancer: the influence of organ and pre‐transplant disease. Cancer Treat Res 2009;146:65–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 91 Comparison of the incidence of malignancy in recipients of different types of organ: a UK Registry audit. Am J Transplant 2010 Aug;10(8):1889–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 92 Increased risk of squamous‐cell carcinoma in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant recipients compared with kidney transplant recipients. J Invest Dermatol 2009 Dec;129(12):2886–94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 93 The risk of cancer is not increased in patients with multiple kidney transplantations. Transplant Immunol 2012 Dec;27(4):189–94. Cross Ref link , , , et al.
- 94 Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: effect of pretransplant end‐organ disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 Nov;53(5):783–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 95 Malignancy in the HIV‐infected patients undergoing liver and kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Oncol 2012 Sep;24(5):517–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 96 Effect of immunosuppression for primary renal disease on the risk of cancer in subsequent renal transplantation: a population‐based retrospective cohort study. Transplantation 2013 Jan 15;95(1):122–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 97 Solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1997 Mar 27;336(13):897–904. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 98 Long‐term follow‐up of secondary malignancies in adults after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005 Jan;35(1):51–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 99 Skin cancer after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006 Jun;37(12):1103–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 100 Second malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007 Oct;13(10):1121–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 101 Nonmelanoma skin and mucosal cancers after hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2006 Mar 1;24(7):1119–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 102 Solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2009 Jan 29;113(5):1175–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 103 Continuing increased risk of oral/esophageal cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults in association with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Ann Oncol 2014 Feb;25(2):435–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 104 Nonmelanoma skin cancer in childhood after hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a report of 4 cases. J Pediatr Haematol/Oncol 2014 Apr;36(3):224–7. Cross Ref link , , , .
- 105 Cancer risk in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Mol Cancer 2013;12(1):98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 106 Increased risk for non‐melanoma skin cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010 Mar;8(3):268–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 107 Association between thiopurine use and nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta‐analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014 Feb;109(2):163–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 108 Risk of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer in ulcerative colitis patients treated with thiopurines: a nationwide retrospective cohort. Am J Gastroenterol 2014 Nov;109(11):1781–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 109 Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011 Nov;141(5):1621–28 e1–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 110 Increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011 Nov;141(5):1612–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , .
- 111 Thiopurines and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA Dermatol 2013 Jan;149(1):92–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 112 Use of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer in an at‐risk population: a cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012 Feb;27(2):385–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 113 Atypical fibroxanthoma in an HIV‐infected individual. J Cutan Pathol 2011 Apr;38(4):357–9. Pubmed link , , , , .
- 114 Risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2012 Aug;143(2):390–9 e1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 115 Systematic review with meta‐analysis: malignancies with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014 Mar;39(5):447–58. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 116 Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after long‐term treatment with azathioprine in patients with auto‐immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014 Jan;28(1):27–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 117 Biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy: analyses from a large US observational study. Arthr Rheum 2007 Sep;56(9):2886–95. Cross Ref link , .
- 118 Incidences of overall and site specific cancers in TNFalpha inhibitor treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides – a follow‐up study from the DANBIO Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2013 Jan;72(1):79–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 119 Cancer risk with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) inhibitors: meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab using patient level data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011 Feb;20(2):119–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 120 Malignancies associated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in registries and prospective observational studies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011 Nov;70(11):1895–904. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 121 Cancer risk of anti‐TNF‐alpha at recommended doses in adult rheumatoid arthritis: a meta‐analysis with intention to treat and per protocol analyses. PLOS One 2012;7(11):e48991. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 122 Short‐term risk of total malignancy and nonmelanoma skin cancers with certolizumab and golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Rheumatol 2012 Apr;39(4):712–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 123 The influence of anti‐TNF therapy upon incidence of keratinocyte skin cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: longitudinal results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Ann Rheum Dis 2012 Jun;71(6):869–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 124 Risk of malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic therapy: a meta‐analysis. JAMA 2012 Sep 5;308(9):898–908. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 125 The risk of infection and malignancy with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in adults with psoriatic disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Jun;64(6):1035–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 126 Roles of the immune system in skin cancer. Br J Dermatol 2011 Nov;165(5):953–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 127 Keratotic skin lesions and other risk factors are associated with skin cancer in organ‐transplant recipients: a case‐control study in The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy. J Invest Dermatol 2007 Jul;127(7):1647–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 128 Skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: advances in therapy and management: part II. Management of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Aug;65(2):263–79; quiz 80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 129 Ultraviolet radiation exposure through window glass may be associated with localization of nonmelanoma skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: a study in France and the UK. Br J Dermatol 2013 Aug;169(2):484–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 130 p53 mutations implicate sunlight in post‐transplant skin cancer irrespective of human papillomavirus status. Oncogene 1997 Oct 2;15(14):1737–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 131 PTCH mutations in basal cell carcinomas from azathioprine‐treated organ transplant recipients. Br J Cancer 2008 Oct 21;99(8):1276–84. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 132 et al. NOTCH1 mutations occur early during cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2014 Oct;134(10):2630–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , ,
- 133 Key differences identified between actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by transcriptome profiling. Br J Cancer 2014 Jan 21;110(2):520–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 134 Single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis defines a specific genetic fingerprint for well‐differentiated cutaneous SCCs. J Invest Dermatol 2009 Jun;129(6):1562–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 135 Molecular and immunologic mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2008 Nov;8(11):2205–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , .
- 136 Effect of long‐term immunosuppression in kidney‐graft recipients on cancer incidence: randomised comparison of two cyclosporin regimens. Lancet 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):623–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 137 Immunosuppression and risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients. Lancet 1997 Feb 8;349(9049):398. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 138 et al. CD4 lymphocytopenia as a risk factor for skin cancers in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 1998 May 15;65(9):1270–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , ,
- 139 Effect of reduced immunosuppression after kidney transplant failure on risk of cancer: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2010;340:c570. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 140 Decreased skin cancer after cessation of therapy with transplant‐associated immunosuppressants. Arch Dermatol 2001 Apr;137(4):459–63. Pubmed link , , , .
- 141 Reduction of immunosuppression for transplant‐associated skin cancer: expert consensus survey. Br J Dermatol 2006 Mar;154(3):395–400. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 142 Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma: HHV8 positivity persists but the tumors regress almost completely without immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation 2000 May 27;69(10):2230–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , .
- 143 Merkel cell carcinoma and immunosuppression: what we still need to know. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015 Feb;107(2). Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 144 Immune phenotype predicts risk for posttransplantation squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 Apr;21(4):713–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 145 The tumor microenvironment at a glance. J Cell Sci 2012 Dec 1;125(23):5591–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , .
- 146 Clinicopathologic features of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: a retrospective case‐control series. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006 Feb;54(2):290–300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , , , .
- 147 Progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in immunosuppressed patients is associated with reduced CD123+ and FOXP3+ cells in the perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate. Histopathology 2009 Jul;55(1):67–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 148 Immunosuppression affects CD4(+) mRNA expression and induces Th2 dominance in the microenvironment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients. J Immunother 2010 Jun;33(5):538–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 149 Increased Tc22 and Treg/CD8 ratio contribute to aggressive growth of transplant associated squamous cell carcinoma. PLOS One 2013 May 7;8(5). , , , et al.
- 150 Does the nature of residual immune function explain the differential risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer development in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients? Int J Cancer 2015 Jan 22. , , , et al.
- 151 Non‐melanoma skin cancer and its risk factors in an Austrian population of heart transplant recipients receiving induction therapy. Int J Dermatol 2008 Sep;47(9):918–25. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 152 Immunosuppressive treatment after solid organ transplantation and risk of post‐transplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010 Aug;25(8):2764–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 153 Malignancies after heart transplantation: incidence, risk factors, and effects of calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal. Transplant Proc 2010 Nov;42(9):3694–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 154 Long‐term cancer risk of immunosuppressive regimens after kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 May;21(5):852–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 155 Mycophenolate mofetil and risk of developing malignancy after orthotopic heart transplantation: analysis of the transplant registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transpl 2006 Oct;25(10):1186–91. Cross Ref link , , .
- 156 Skin cancer after renal transplantation: Results of a multicenter study in Iran. Ann Transpl 2010 Jul–Sep;15(3):44–50. , , , et al.
- 157 Combined introduction of anti‐IL2 receptor antibodies, mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus: effect on malignancies after renal transplantation in a single‐centre retrospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012 Jun;27(6):2547–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 158 Significant risk factors for occurrence of cancer after renal transplantation: a single center cohort study of 1265 cases. Transplant Proc 2009 Mar;41(2):672–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
- 159 Incidence of and risk factors for skin cancer after heart transplant. Arch Dermatol 2009 Dec;145(12):1391–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link , , , et al.
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