Skin disease due to arthropods

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  • 27  Restano L, Cavalli R, Colonna C, et al. Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis caused by an insect bite. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:1745. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 31  Hewitt M, Walton GS, Waterhouse M. Pet animal infestations and human skin lesions. Br J Dermatol 1971;85:21525. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 35  Brown M, Hebert AA. Insect repellents: an overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:2439. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 39  Steen CJ, Carbonaro PA, Schwartz RA. Arthropods in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:81942;quiz 842–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 40  Boyle RJ, Elremeli M, Hockenhull J, et al. Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD008838. Pubmed link
  • 41  Bernardeschi C, Le Cleach L, Delaunay P, et al. Bed bug infestation. BMJ 2013;346:f138. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 43  Del Giudice P, Blanc‐Amrane V, Bahadoran P, et al. Pyemotes ventricosus dermatitis, southeastern France. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:175961. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Mosquitoes, gnats, midges and flies (Diptera)

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  • 47  Laird M, ed. Blackflies. London: Academic Press, 1981.
  • 48  Healing TD, Dlugolecka MD, Morgan DTJ, et al. The Blandford fly. Commun Dis Rep 1 July 1988.
  • 49  Inskip H, Campbell L, Godfrey K, et al. A survey of the prevalence of biting by the Blandford fly during 1993. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:6969. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 50  Welton JS, Bass JAB, Ladle M, et al. Distribution of oviposition sites and, characteristics of egg development in the “Blandford fly” Simulium posticatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). J Appl Ecol 1987;24:86579. Cross Ref link
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  • 53  Alexander JO'D. Reactions to Dipterous biting flies. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:11533. Cross Ref link
  • 54  Rantanen T, Reunala T, Vuojolahti P, et al. Persistent pruritic papules from deer ked bites. Acta Derm Venereol 1982;62:30711. Pubmed link
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  • 56  Allen JR. Mosquitoes and other biting flies. In: Parish CL, Nutting WB, Schwartzman RM, eds. Cutaneous Infestations of Man and Animal. New York: Praeger, 1983:34455.
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  • 58  Oka K, Ohtaki N. Clinical observations of mosquito bite reactions in man: a survey of the relationship between age and bite reaction. J Dermatol 1989;16:21219. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 59  Hudson A, Bowman L, Orr CW. Effects of absence of saliva on blood feeding by mosquitoes. Science 1960;131:17301. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 60  Galindo PA, Gómez E, Borja J, et al. Mosquito bite hypersensitivity. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1998;26:2514. Pubmed link
  • 61  Gaig P, García‐Ortega P, Enrique E, et al. Serum sickness‐like syndrome due to mosquito bite. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1999;9:1902. Pubmed link
  • 62  Walker GB, Harrison PV. Seasonal bullous eruption due to mosquitoes. Clin Exp Dermatol 1985;10:12732. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 63  Lidén S, Bäck O, Tärnvik A. Chronic lymphatic leukaemia, malignant melanomas and mosquito hypersensitivity. Acta Derm Venereol 1977;57:8192. Pubmed link
  • 64  Weed RI. Exagerrated delayed hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood 1965;26:25768. Pubmed link
  • 65  Davis MD, Perniciaro C, Dahl PR, et al. Exaggerated arthropod‐bite lesions in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic study of eight patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:2735. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 66  Rongioletti F, Rebora A. Follicular mucinosis in exaggerated arthropod‐bite reactions of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:500. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 69  Diven DG, Newton RC, Ramsey KM. Heightened cutaneous reactions to mosquito bites in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome receiving zidovudine. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2296. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 70  Smith KJ, Skelton HG 3rd, Vogel P, et al. Exaggerated insect bite reactions in patients positive for HIV. Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:26972. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 71  Resneck JS Jr, Van Beek M, Furmanski L, et al. Etiology of pruritic papular eruption with HIV infection in Uganda. JAMA 2004;292:261421. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 72  Penneys NS, Nayar JK, Bernstein H, et al. Chronic pruritic eruption in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with increased antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland antigens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:4215. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 73  Hidano A, Kawakami M, Yago A. Hypersensitivity to mosquito bite and malignant histocytosis. Jpn J Exp Med 1982;52:3036. Pubmed link
  • 74  Mohri S, Kawashima Y, Uchigata Y, et al. A case of mosquito hypersensitivity terminating as malignant histiocytosis. J Dermatol 1982;9:43743. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 75  Ohsawa T, Morimura T, Hagari Y, et al. A case of exaggerated mosquito‐bite hypersensitivity with Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive inflammatory cells in the bite lesion. Acta Derm Venereol 2001;81:3603. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 76  Ishihara S, Yabuta R, Tokura Y, et al. Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is not an allergic disease, but an Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated lymphoproliferative disease. Int J Hematol 2000;72:2238. Pubmed link
  • 77  Tokura Y, Ishihara S, Tagawa S, et al. Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites as the primary clinical manifestation of a juvenile type of Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:56978. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 78  Asada H. Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: a unique pathogenic mechanism linking Epstein‐Barr virus infection, allergy and oncogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2007;45:15360. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 79  Roh EJ, Chung EH, Chang YP, et al. A case of hypersensitivity to mosquito bite associated with Epstein‐Barr viral infection and natural killer cell lymphocytosis. J Korean Med Sci 2010;25:3213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 80  Borah S, Goswami S, Agarwal M, et al. Clinical and histopathological study of Simulium (blackfly) dermatitis from North‐Eastern India – a report. Int J Dermatol 2012;51:636. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 81  Gudgel EF, Grauer FH. Acute and chronic reactions to black fly bites; Simulium fly. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol 1954;70:60915. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 82  Steffen C. Clinical and histopathologic correlation of midge bites. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:7857. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 83  Galindo PA, Feo F, Gómez E, et al. Hypersensitivity to chironomid larvae. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1998;8:21925. Pubmed link
  • 84  Cabrerizo Ballesteros S, de Barrio M, Baeza ML, et al. Allergy to chironomid larvae (red migde larvae) in non professional handlers of fish food. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16:638. Pubmed link
  • 85  Galindo PA, Melero R, García R, et al. Contact urticaria from chironomids. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:297. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 86  De Jaegher C, Goossens A. Protein contact dermatitis from midge larvae (Chironomus thummi thummi). Contact Dermatitis 1999;41:173. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 87  Seldén AI, Calo A, Mölleby G, et al. Chironomid midge sensitization in sewage workers: case study. Med Vet Entomol 2013;27:3468. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 88  Quercia O, Emiliani F, Foschi FG, et al. The wasp‐horsefly syndrome. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;40:613. Pubmed link
  • 89  Restano L, Cavalli R, Colonna C, et al. Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis caused by an insect bite. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:1745. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 90  Ban M, Ichiki Y, Kitajima Y. An outbreak of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis‐like lesions due to mosquito bites: erythema punctatum Higuchi. Dermatology (Basel) 2004;208:3569. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 91  Oka K, Ohtaki N, Kasai S, et al. Two cases of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis induced by mosquito bites. J Dermatol 2012;39:3015. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 92  Elston DM. Prevention of arthropod‐related disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:94754. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 93  Torpy JM. JAMA patient page. Insect bites and stings. JAMA 2013;310:110. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 94  Management of simple insect bites: where's the evidence? Drug Ther Bull 2012;50:458. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 95  Karppinen A, Brummer‐Korvenkontio H, Reunala T, et al. Rupatadine 10 mg in the treatment of immediate mosquito‐bite allergy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012;26:91922. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 96  Karppinen A, Brummer‐Korvenkontio H, Petman L, et al. Levocetirizine for treatment of immediate and delayed mosquito bite reactions. Acta Derm Venereol 2006;86:32931. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 97  PPAV Working Groups. Personal protection against biting insects and ticks. Parasite 2011;18:93111. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Myasis

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  • 99  Hall M, Wall R. Myiasis of humans and domestic animals. Adv Parasitol 1995;35:257334. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 102  Logan JC, Walkey M. A case of endemic cutaneous myiasis. Br J Dermatol 1964;76:21822. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 103  Macias EG, Graham AJ, Green M, et al. Cutaneous myiasis in South Texas. N Engl J Med 1973;289:123941. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 104  Poindexter HA. Cutaneous myiasis. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:235. Cross Ref link
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  • 106  Günther S. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of the dermal Tumbu‐fly‐myiasis in Equatorial‐Africa. Br J Dermatol 1971;85:22631. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 108  Lodi A, Bruscagin C, Gianni C, et al. Myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga (Tumbu‐fly). Int J Dermatol 1994;33:1278. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 109  Laurence BR, Herman FG. Letter: Tumbu fly (Cordylobia) infection outside Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1973;67:888. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 110  Curtis SJ, Edwards C, Athulathmuda C, et al. Case of the month: cutaneous myiasis in a returning traveller from the Algarve: first report of tumbu maggots, Cordylobia anthropophaga, acquired in Portugal. Emerg Med J 2006;23:2367. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 115  Alexis JB, Mittleman RE. An unusual case of Phormia regina myiasis of the scalp. Am J Clin Pathol 1988;90:7347. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 116  Hall RD, Anderson PC, Clark DP. A case of human myiasis caused by Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Missouri, USA. J Med Entomol 1986;23:5789. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 117  Reames MK, Christensen C, Luce EA. The use of maggots in wound debridement. Ann Plast Surg 1988;21:38891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 122  Delir S, Handjani F, Emad M, et al. Vulvar myiasis due to Wohlfahrtia magnifica. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:27980. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 123  Smith FD, Shaffer KL, Gasseling PA, et al. Furuncular myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia vigil (Walker). First case reported in Nebraska. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:11920. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 124  Goddard J. Human infestation with rodent botfly larvae: a new route of entry? South Med J 1997;90:2545. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 125  Keth AC. Three incidents of human myiasis by rodent Cuterebra (Diptera: Cuterebridae) larvae in a localized region of western Pennsylvania. J Med Entomol 1999;36:8312. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 126  Schiff TA. Furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by Cuterebra larva. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:2613. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 127  Baird JK, Baird CR, Sabrosky CW. North American cuterebrid myiasis. Report of seventeen new infections of human beings and review of the disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:76372. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 128  Keech JP. Dermatobia hominis – in Belize. J R Army Med Corps 1981;127:1313. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 129  Lane RP, Lowell CR, Griffiths WA, et al. Human cutaneous myiasis – a review and report of three cases due to Dermatobia hominis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:405. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 130  Jelinek T, Nothdurft HD, Rieder N, et al. Cutaneous myiasis: review of 13 cases in travelers returning from tropical countries. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:6246. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 131  Gordon PM, Hepburn NC, Williams AE, et al. Cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis: a report of six cases. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:81114. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 132  Gewirtzman A, Rabinovitz H. Botfly infestation (myiasis) masquerading as furunculosis. Cutis 1999;63:712. Pubmed link
  • 133  Veraldi S, Gorani A, Süss L, et al. Cutaneous myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Pediatr Dermatol 1998;15:11618. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 134  Maier H, Hönigsmann H. Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:S2630. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 135  Omar MS, Das AB, Osman NI. External ophthalmomyiasis due to the sheep nostril botfly larva Oestrus ovis in Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1988;82:2213. Pubmed link
  • 136  Fekry AA, el Serougi AO, Ayoub SA. Oestrus ovis (sheep nasal fly) infesting the eyes and the nose of a camel keeper family. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1997;27:4936. Pubmed link
  • 137  Morgan RJ, Moss HB, Honska WL. Muiasis; Hypoderma myiasis, occurrence in Oklahoma. Arch Dermatol 1964;90:1805. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 138  Kan B, Otranto D, Fossen K, et al. Dermal swellings and ocular injury after exposure to reindeer. N Engl J Med 2012;367:24567. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 139  Kan B, Asbakk K, Fossen K, et al. Reindeer warble fly‐associated human myiasis, Scandinavia. Emerging Infect Dis 2013;19:8302. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 140  Starr J, Pruett JH, Yunginger JW, et al. Myiasis due to Hypoderma lineatum infection mimicking the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:7559. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 142  Spigel GT. Opportunistic cutaneous myiasis. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:101415. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 143  Fernandes LF, Pimenta FC, Fernandes FF. First report of human myiasis in GoiáS state, Brazil: frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors. J Parasitol 2009;95:328. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 144  Mahal JJ, Sperling JD. Furuncular myiasis from Dermatobia hominus: a case of human botfly infestation. J Emerg Med 2012;43:61821. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 145  Möhrenschlager M, Mempel M, Weichenmeier I, et al. Scanning electron microscopy of Dermatobia hominis reveals cutaneous anchoring features. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:71618. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 146  McGraw TA, Turiansky GW. Cutaneous myiasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:90726;quiz 927–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 147  Fassler C, Lanco S, Denis A, et al. [Subcutaneous myiasis. A case report.] Arch Pediatr 2000;7:8403. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 148  Mumcuoglu I, Akarsu GA, Balaban N, et al. Eristalis tenax as a cause of urinary myiasis. Scand J Infect Dis 2005;37:9423. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 149  Dubois E, Durieux M, Franchimont MM, et al. [An unusual case in Belgium of intestinal myiasis due to Eristalis tenax.] Acta Clin Belg 2004;59:16870. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 150  Aguilera A, Cid A, Regueiro BJ, et al. Intestinal myiasis caused by Eristalis tenax. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:3082. Pubmed link
  • 151  Francesconi F, Lupi O. Myiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25:79105. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 152  Bakos RM, Bakos L. Dermoscopic diagnosis of furuncular myiasis. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:1234. Pubmed link
  • 153  Abraham LS, Azulay‐Abulafia L, Aguiar D de P, et al. Dermoscopy features for the diagnosis of furuncular myiasis. An Bras Dermatol 2011;86:1602. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 154  Bowry R, Cottingham RL. Use of ultrasound to aid management of late presentation of Dermatobia hominis larva infestation. J Accid Emerg Med 1997;14:1778. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 155  Schechter E, Lazar J, Nix ME, et al. Identification of subcutaneous myiasis using bedside emergency physician performed ultrasound. J Emerg Med 2011;40:e13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 156  Richter J, Schmitt M, Müller‐Stöver I, et al. Sonographic detection of subcutaneous fly larvae in human myiasis. J Clin Ultrasound 2008;36:16973. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Fleas

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  • 195  Feldmeier H, Heukelbach J. Tungiasis. In: Faber WR, Hay RJ, Naafs B, eds. Imported Skin Disease. Maarssen: Elsevier, 2006:23341.
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  • 212  Feldmeier H, Sentongo E, Krantz I. Tungiasis (sand flea disease): a parasitic disease with particular challenges for public health. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013;32:1926. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Bees, wasps and ants

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Lice (Phthiraptera)

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  • 298  Scott MJ Jr, Scott MJ Sr. Nits or not? Pseudonits – simple office diagnosis. JAMA 1980;243:23256. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 311  Izri A, Chosidow O. Efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice: recommendations to decontaminate washable clothes, linens, and fomites. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:e910. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 312  Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, et al. Controlled study of malathion and d‐phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis‐infested schoolchildren. Lancet 1994;344:17247. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 313  Burgess IF, Brown CM, Peock S, et al. Head lice resistant to pyrethroid insecticides in Britain. BMJ 1995;311:752. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 314  Downs AM, Stafford KA, Harvey I, et al. Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:50811. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 315  Downs AMR, Stafford KA, Hunt LP, et al. Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over‐the‐counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:8893. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 316  Izri MA, Brière C. First cases of resistance of Pediculus capitis Linné 1758 to malathion in France.Presse Med 1995;24:1444. Pubmed link
  • 317  Mumcuoglu KY, Hemingway J, Miller J, et al. Permethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel. Med Vet Entomol 1995;9:42732,447. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 318  Picollo MI, Vassena CV, Mougabure Cueto GA, et al. Resistance to insecticides and effect of synergists on permethrin toxicity in Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires. J Med Entomol 2000;37:7215. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 319  Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Clinical evidence of lice resistance to over‐the‐counter products. J Cutan Med Surg 2000;4:199201. Pubmed link
  • 320  SupYoon K, Symington SB, Hyeock Lee S, et al. Three mutations identified in the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel alpha‐subunit gene of permethrin‐resistant human head lice reduce the permethrin sensitivity of house fly Vssc1 sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2008;38:296306. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 321  Hodgdon HE, Yoon KS, Previte DJ, et al. Determination of knockdown resistance allele frequencies in global human head louse populations using the serial invasive signal amplification reaction. Pest Manag Sci 2010;66:103140. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 322  Bouvresse S, Berdjane Z, Durand R, et al. Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: results of ex vivo and molecular assays. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:114350. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 323  Ibarra J, Hall DM. Head lice in schoolchildren. Arch Dis Child 1996;75:4713. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 324  Roberts RJ, Casey D, Morgan DA, et al. Comparison of wet combing with malathion for treatment of head lice in the UK: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356:5404. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 325  Hill N, Moor G, Cameron MM, et al. Single blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom. BMJ 2005;331:3847. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 326  Dawes M. Combing and combating head lice. BMJ 2005;331:3623. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 327  Chosidow O. Bug Buster for head lice: is it effective? Arch Dermatol 2006;142:16357. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 328  Burgess IF, Brown CM, Lee PN. Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial. BMJ 2005;330:1423. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 329  Heukelbach J, Pilger D, Oliveira FA, et al. A highly efficacious pediculicide based on dimeticone: randomized observer blinded comparative trial. BMC Infect Dis 2008;8:115. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 330  Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. Asphyxiation of lice with topical agents, not a reality…yet. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:7212. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 331  Burgess IF. The mode of action of dimeticone 4% lotion against head lice, Pediculus capitis. BMC Pharmacol 2009;9:3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 332  Connolly M, Stafford KA, Coles GC, et al. Control of head lice with a coconut‐derived emulsion shampoo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009;23:679. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 333  Meinking TL, Villar ME, Vicaria M, et al. The clinical trials supporting benzyl alcohol lotion 5% (Ulesfia): a safe and effective topical treatment for head lice (pediculosis humanus capitis). Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:1924. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 334  Stough D, Shellabarger S, Quiring J, et al. Efficacy and safety of spinosad and permethrin creme rinses for pediculosis capitis (head lice). Pediatrics 2009;124:e38995. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 335  Kaul N, Palma KG, Silagy SS, et al. North American efficacy and safety of a novel pediculicide rinse, isopropyl myristate 50% (Resultz). J Cutan Med Surg 2007;11:1617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 336  Takano‐Lee M, Edman JD, Mullens BA, et al. Home remedies to control head lice: assessment of home remedies to control the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae).J Pediatr Nurs 2004;19:3938. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 337  Priestley CM, Burgess IF, Williamson EM. Lethality of essential oil constituents towards the human louse, Pediculus humanus, and its eggs. Fitoterapia 2006;77:3039. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 338  Chosidow O, Giraudeau B, Cottrell J, et al. Oral ivermectin versus malathion lotion for difficult‐to‐treat head lice. N Engl J Med 2010;362:896905. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 339  Chosidow O, Giraudeau B. Topical ivermectin – a step toward making head lice dead lice? N Engl J Med 2012;367:17502. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 340  Pariser DM, Meinking TL, Bell M, et al. Topical 0.5% ivermectin lotion for treatment of head lice. N Engl J Med 2012;367:168793. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 341  Frankowski BL, Bocchini JA Jr, Council on School Health and Committee on Infectious Diseases. Head lice. Pediatrics 2010;126:392403. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 342  Roux V, Raoult D. Body lice as tools for diagnosis and surveillance of reemerging diseases. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:5969. Pubmed link
  • 343  Raoult D, Ndihokubwayo JB, Tissot‐Dupont H, et al. Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi. Lancet 1998;352:3538. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 344  Sundnes KO, Haimanot AT. Epidemic of louse‐borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia. Lancet 1993;342:121315. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 345  Drancourt M, Mainardi JL, Brouqui P, et al. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana endocarditis in three homeless men. N Engl J Med 1995;332:41923. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 346  Alexander JO'D. Infestation with Anoplura – lice. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:2955. Cross Ref link
  • 347  Foucault C, Ranque S, Badiaga S, et al. Oral ivermectin in the treatment of body lice. J Infect Dis 2006;193:4746. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 348  Armstrong NR, Wilson JD. Did the “Brazilian” kill the pubic louse? Sex Transm Infect 2006;82:2656. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 349  Opaneye AA, Jayaweera DT, Walzman M, et al. Pediculosis pubis: a surrogate marker for sexually transmitted diseases. J R Soc Health 1993;113:67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 350  Pierzchalski JL, Bretl DA, Matson SC. Phthirus pubis as a predictor for chlamydia infections in adolescents. Sex Transm Dis 2002;29:3314. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 351  Nielsen AO, Secher L. Pediculosis pubis in a patient treated with topical steroids. Cutis 1980;25:655,658. Pubmed link
  • 352  Chitchang S, Yodmani B. Phthiriasis capitis. J Med Assoc Thai 1983;66:7279. Pubmed link
  • 353  Signore RJ, Love J, Boucree MC. Scalp infestation with Phthirus pubis. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:133. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 354  Safdi SA, Farrington J. Constitutional reactions and maculae ceruleae attending phthiriasis pubis. Am J Med Sci 1947;214:30811. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 355  Kern AB. Bullous eruption due to pediculosis pubis. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol 1952;65:3349. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 356  Brenner S, Yust I. Bullous eruption in a case of bullous pediculid. Cutis 1988;41:281. Pubmed link
  • 357  Goldman L. Phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp and cilia in young children;report of five additional cases. Arch Derm Syphilol 1948;57:274. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 358  Scott MJ, Esterly NB. Eyelash infestation by Phthirus pubis as a manifestation of child abuse. Pediatr Dermatol 1983;1:179. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 359  Scott GR, Chosidow O, IUSTI/WHO. European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis, 2010. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:3045. Cross Ref link
  • 360  Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1110.
  • 361  Speare R, Koehler JM. A case of pubic lice resistant to pyrethrins.Aust Fam Physician 2001;30:5724. Pubmed link
  • 362  Burns DA. The treatment of Pthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes. Br J Dermatol 1987;117:7413. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 363  Couch JM, Green WR, Hirst LW, et al. Diagnosing and treating Phthirus pubis palpebrarum. Surv Ophthalmol 1982;26:21925. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 364  Ronchese F. Treatment of pediculosis ciliorum in an infant. N Engl J Med 1953;249:8978. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 365  Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. Oral ivermectin therapy for phthiriasis palpebrum. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1345. Pubmed link

Bugs (Hemiptera)

  • 366  British Museum (Natural History). The Bed Bug. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973 (Economic series, no. 5).
  • 367  Kettle DS. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2nd edn. Wallingford: CAB International, 1995:34460. Pubmed link
  • 368  Reinhardt K, Siva‐Jothy MT. Biology of the bed bugs (Cimicidae). Annu Rev Entomol 2007;52:35174. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 369  Usinger RL. Monograph of Cimicidae (Hemiptera–Heteroptera), Vol. 7. College Park, MD: Entomological Society of America, 1966:50.
  • 370  Whyte AS, Garnett PA, Whittington AE. Bats in the belfry, bugs in the bed? Lancet 2001;357:604. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 371  Delaunay P, Blanc V, Del Giudice P, et al. Bedbugs and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:20010. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 372  Goddard J, deShazo R. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA 2009;301:135866. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 373  Reinhardt K, Harder A, Holland S, et al. Who knows the bed bug? Knowledge of adult bed bug appearance increases with people's age in three counties of Great Britain. J Med Entomol 2008;45:9568. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 374  Doggett S, Greary M, Russell R. The resurgence of bed bugs in Australia. J Environ Health 2004;4:308.
  • 375  Richards L, Boase CJ, Gezan S, Cameron MM. Are bed bug infestations on the increase within Greater London? J Environ Health Res 2009;9:1722.
  • 376  Kilpinen O, Vagn Jensen KM, Kristensen M. Bed bug problems in Denmark, with a European perspective. In Robinson WH, Bajomi D, eds. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Pests. OOK‐Press Kft, 2008:3959.
  • 377  Delaunay P. Human travel and traveling bedbugs. J Travel Med 2012;19:3739. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 378  Tawatsin A, Thavara U, Chompoosri J, et al. Insecticide resistance in bedbugs in Thailand and laboratory evaluation of insecticides for the control of Cimex hemipterus and Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Med Entomol 2011;48:102330. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 379  Zhu F, Wigginton J, Romero A, et al. Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), populations in the United States. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2010;73:24557. Pubmed link
  • 380  Doggett SL, Dwyer DE, Peñas PF, et al. Bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25:16492. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 381  Silverman AL, Qu LH, Blow J, et al. Assessment of hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA in the common bedbug (Cimex lectularius L.) and kissing bug (Rodnius prolixus). Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:21948. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 382  Lowe CF, Romney MG. Bedbugs as vectors for drug‐resistant bacteria. Emerging Infect Dis 2011;17:11324. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 383  Kinnear J. Epidemic of bullous erythema on legs due to bed‐bugs. Lancet 1948;2:55. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 384  Goddard J, Edwards KT. Effects of bed bug saliva on human skin. JAMA Dermatol 2013;149:3723.
  • 385  Delaunay P, Blanc V, Dandine M, et al. Bedbugs and healthcare‐associated dermatitis, France. Emerging Infect Dis 2009;15:98990. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 386  Bernardeschi C, Le Cleach L, Delaunay P, et al. Bed bug infestation. BMJ 2013;346:f138. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 387  Reinhardt K, Kempke D, Naylor RA, et al. Sensitivity to bites by the bedbug, Cimex lectularius. Med Vet Entomol 2009;23:1636. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 388  deShazo RD, Feldlaufer MF, Mihm MC Jr, et al. Bullous reactions to bedbug bites reflect cutaneous vasculitis. Am J Med 2012;125:68894. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 389  Andrade RN. Haematosiphoniasis. In: Simons RDC, ed. Handbook of Tropical Dermatology, Vol. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1953:9057.
  • 390  Steen CJ, Carbonaro PA, Schwartz RA. Arthropods in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:81942;quiz 842–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 391  Heukelbach J, Hengge UR. Bed bugs, leeches and hookworm larvae in the skin. Clin Dermatol 2009;27:28590. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 392  Management of simple insect bites: where's the evidence? Drug Ther Bull 2012;50:458. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 393  Koning S, van der Sande R, Verhagen AP, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;1:CD003261. Pubmed link
  • 394  Seidel C, Reinhardt K. Bugging forecast: unknown, disliked, occasionally intimate. Bed bugs in Germany meet unprepared people. PLOS One 2013;8:e51083. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 395  Naylor RA, Boase CJ. Practical solutions for treating laundry infested with Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Econ Entomol 2010;103:1369. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 396  Doggett SL; Australian Environmental Pest Managers Association. A Code of Practice for the Control of Bed Bug Infestations in Australia. Westmead Hospital, 4th edn, 2011 http://medent.usyd.edu.au/bedbug/cop_ed4_draft.pdf (last accessed October 2014).
  • 397  Wang C, Gibb T, Bennett GW. Evaluation of two least toxic integrated pest management programs for managing bed bugs (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) with discussion of a bed bug intercepting device. J Med Entomol 2009;46:56671. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 398  Davies TGE, Field LM, Williamson MS. The re‐emergence of the bed bug as a nuisance pest: implications of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides. Med Vet Entomol 2012;26:24154. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 399  Lehnert MP, Pereira RM, Koehler PG, et al. Control of Cimex lectularius using heat combined with dichlorvos resin strips. Med Vet Entomol 2011;25:4604. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 400  Kilpinen O, Kristensen M, Jensen K‐MV. Resistance differences between chlorpyrifos and synthetic pyrethroids in Cimex lectularius population from Denmark. Parasitol Res 2011;109:14614. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 401  Wang C, Gibb T, Bennett GW, et al. Bed bug (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) attraction to pitfall traps baited with carbon dioxide, heat, and chemical lure. J Econ Entomol 2009;102:15805. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Reduviidae

  • 402  Ghauri MSK. Reduviidae (including Triatominae) (cone nose‐bugs, kissing‐bugs and assassin‐bugs). In: Smith KCV, ed. Insects and other Arthropods of Medical Importance. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973:37885.
  • 403  Cook ML, Lee DJ. Effects on humans of bites of Australian non‐bloodsucking Reduviid bugs. Med J Aust 1977;ii:8335.
  • 404  Reisenman CE, Lawrence G, Guerenstein PG, et al. Infection of kissing bugs with Trypanosoma cruzi, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16:4005. Pubmed link
  • 405  Alexander JO'D. Infestation by Hemiptera. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:5774. Cross Ref link
  • 406  Shields TS, Walsh EN. ‘Kissing bug’ bite. Arch Dermatol 1956;74:1421. Cross Ref link
  • 407  Kettle DS. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2nd edn. Wallingford: CAB International, 1995:34460. Pubmed link
  • 408  Smith FD, Miller NC, Camazzo SJ, et al. Insect bite by Argilus cristatus, a North American Reduviid. Arch Dermatol 1958;77:32430. Cross Ref link
  • 409  Klotz JH, Dorn PL, Logan JL, et al. “Kissing bugs”: potential disease vectors and cause of anaphylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:162934. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 410  Walter J, Fletcher E, Moussaoui R, et al. Do bites of kissing bugs cause unexplained allergies? Results from a survey in triatomine‐exposed and unexposed areas in southern california. PLOS One 2012;7:e44016. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Anthocoridae

  • 411  Woodward TE. A case of persistent attacks on a human by Lyctocoris campestris (F.) (Hem., Anthocoridae). Entomol Month Mag 1951;87:44.
  • 412  Ghauri MSK. Anthocoridae. In: Smith KGV, ed. Insects and other Arthropods of Medical Importance. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973:389.
  • 413  Dolling WR. Dufouriellus ater (Dufour) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) biting industrial workers in Britain. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977;71:355. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 414  Kampen H, Werner D. Human‐biting potential of the predatory flower bug Orius majusculus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Parasitol Res 2011;108:157981. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Pentatomidae

  • 415  Haddad V Jr, Cardoso J, Moraes R. Skin lesions caused by stink bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): first report of dermatological injuries in humans. Wilderness Environ Med 2002;13:4850. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 416  Jones SK, Strong L, Burton JL. Perioral blisters in a bug‐biting baby. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:1215. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Belostomatidae

  • 417  Haddad V, Cardoso JL, Lupi O, Tyring SK. Tropical dermatology: venomous arthropods and human skin. Part I. Insecta. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:339.e1–14.
  • 418  Haddad V Jr, Schwartz EM, Schwartz CA, Carvalho LN. Report of seven human envenomations caused by giant water bugs of Belostomatidae family (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Wilderness Environ Med 2010;21:1303. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 419  Ebong SM, Eyangoh S, Marion E, et al. Survey of water bugs in bankim, a new buruli ulcer endemic area in Cameroon. J Trop Med 2012;2012:123843 Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 420  Doannio JM, Konan KL, Dosso FN, et al. Micronecta sp (Corixidae) and Diplonychus sp (Belostomatidae), two aquatic Hemiptera hosts and/or potential vectors of Mycobacterium ulcerans (pathogenic agent of Buruli ulcer) in Cote d'Ivoire. Med Trop 2011;71:537.
  • 421  Benbow ME, Williamson H, Kimbirauskas R, et al. Aquatic invertebrates as unlikely vectors of Buruli ulcer disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:124754. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 422  Asiedu K, Scherpbier R, Raviglione M. Buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2000.

Thrips (Thysanoptera)

  • 423  Lewis T. Thrips: their biology, ecology and economic importance. London: Academic Press, 1973.
  • 424  Herms WB, James MT. Medical Entomology, 5th edn. New York: Macmillan, 1961:5389.
  • 425  Fishman HC. Thrips. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:9934. Pubmed link
  • 426  Mumcuoglu KY, Volman Y. Thrips stings in Israel: a case report. Isr J Med Sci 1988;24:715. Pubmed link
  • 427  Leigheb G, Tiberio R, Filosa G, et al. Thysanoptera dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19:7224. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 428  Cooper RG. Dermatitis and conjunctivitis in workers on an ostrich farm following thrips infestation. Indian J Med Res 2007;125:5889. Pubmed link
  • 429  Goldstein N, Skipworth GB. Papular eruption secondary to thrips bites. Halos in Hawaii. JAMA 1968;203:535. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 430  Martin J 4th, Richmond A, Davis BM, et al. Thysanoptera dermatitis presenting as folie à deux. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:8645. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 431  Guarneri F, Guarneri C, Mento G, et al. Pseudo‐delusory syndrome caused by Limothrips cerealium. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:1979. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 432  Meinking TL, Elgart G, Eyerdam DH, et al. Thrips mistaken for headlice or Ekban syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:3278. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Beetles (Coleoptera)

  • 433  Alexander JO'D. Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984;7585. Cross Ref link
  • 434  Nicholls DS, Christmas TI, Greig DE. Oedemerid blister beetle dermatosis: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:81519. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 435  Southcott RV. Injuries from Coleoptera. Med J Aust 1989;151:6549. Pubmed link
  • 436  Moed L, Shwayder TA, Chang MW. Cantharidin revisited: a blistering defense of an ancient medicine. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:135760. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 437  Lehmann CF, Pipkin JL, Ressmann AC. Blister beetle dermatosis. AMA Arch Derm 1955;71:368. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 438  Browne SG. Cantharidin Poisoning Due to a “Blister Beetle.” BMJ 1960;2:12901. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 439  Smith KGV. Coleoptera and other insects. In: Smith KGV, ed. Insects and other Arthropods of Medical Importance. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973:41315.
  • 440  Kerdel‐Vegas F, Goihman‐Yahr M. Paederus dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1966;94:17585. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 441  George AO. Paederus dermatitis – a mimic. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:21213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 442  Brazzelli V, Martinoli S, Prestinari F, et al. Staphylinid blister beetle dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:1834. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 443  Armstrong RK, Winfield JL. Staphylinidae dermatitis on Okinawa. J Med Entomol 1968;5:362. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 444  Kamaladasa SD, Perera WD, Weeratunge L. An outbreak of paederus dermatitis in a suburban hospital in Sri Lanka. Int J Dermatol 1997;36:346. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 445  Sendur N, Savk E, Karaman G. Paederus dermatitis: a report of 46 cases in Aydin, Turkey. Dermatology (Basel) 1999;199:3535. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 446  Uslular C, Kavukçu H, Alptekïn D, et al. An epidemicity of Paederus species in Cukurova region. Cutis 2002;69:2779. Pubmed link
  • 447  Zargari O, Kimyai‐Asadi A, Fathalikhani F, et al. Paederus dermatitis in northern Iran: a report of 156 cases. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:60812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 448  Qadir SNR, Raza N, Rahman SB. Paederus dermatitis in Sierra Leone. Dermatol Online J 2006;12:9. Pubmed link
  • 449  Gnanaraj P, Venugopal V, Mozhi MK, et al. An outbreak of Paederus dermatitis in a suburban hospital in South India: a report of 123 cases and review of literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:297300. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 450  Huang C, Liu Y, Yang J, et al. An outbreak of 268 cases of Paederus dermatitis in a toy‐building factory in central China. Int J Dermatol 2009;48:12831. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 451  Assaf M, Nofal E, Nofal A, et al. Paederus dermatitis in Egypt: a clinicopathological and ultrastructural study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:1197201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 452  Claborn DM, Polo JM, Olson PE, et al. Staphylinid (rove) beetle dermatitis outbreak in the American southwest? Mil Med 1999;164:20913. Pubmed link
  • 453  Davidson SA, Norton SA, Carder MC, et al. Outbreak of dermatitis linearis caused by Paederus ilsae and Paederus iliensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at a military base in Iraq. US Army Med Dep J 2009:615.
  • 454  Todd RE, Guthridge SL, Montgomery BL. Evacuation of an Aboriginal community in response to an outbreak of blistering dermatitis induced by a beetle (Paederus australis). Med J Aust 1996;164:23840. Pubmed link
  • 455  Penchenier L, Mouchet J, Cros B, et al. [Invasions of Paederus sabaeus (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) in central Africa. 1. Entomological and epidemiological aspects.] Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1994;87:458. Pubmed link
  • 456  Chandenier J, Quézédé P, Chandenier B, et al. [Invasions of Paederus sabaeus (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) in central Africa. 2. Clinical and therapeutic aspects in Brazzaville.] Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1994;87:4951. Pubmed link
  • 457  Okiwelu SN, Umeozor OC, Akpan AJ. An outbreak of the vesicating beetle Paederus sabaeus Er. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1996;90:3456. Pubmed link
  • 458  Vanhecke C, Malvy D, Guevart E, et al. [Paederus dermatitis: a retrospective study of 74 cases occurring in 2008 in Guinea‐Conakry.] Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010;137:18993. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 459  You D‐O, Kang J‐D, Youn N‐H, et al. Bullous contact dermatitis caused by self‐applied crushed Paederus fuscipes for the treatment of vitiligo. Cutis 2003;72:3858. Pubmed link
  • 460  Borroni G, Brazzelli V, Rosso R, et al. Paederus fuscipes dermatitis. A histopathological study. Am J Dermatopathol 1991;13:46774. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 461  Norton SA, Lyons C. Blister beetles and the ten plagues. Lancet 2002;359:1950. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 462  Fleisher TL, Fox I. Oedemerid beetle dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1970;101:6015. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 463  Christmas TI, Nicholls D, Holloway BA, et al. Blister beetle dermatosis in New Zealand. N Z Med J 1987;100:51517. Pubmed link
  • 464  Samlaska CP, Samuelson GA, Faran ME, et al. Blister beetle dermatosis in Hawaii caused by Thelyphassa apicata (Fairmaire). Pediatr Dermatol 1992;9:24650. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 465  Williamson DM. Itching eruption in miners caused by a rare beetle (Triboleum castaneum). Br J Dermatol 1964;76:3889. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 466  Huang F‐C, Chen W‐J, Shih M‐H. Paederus‐induced keratitis.Cornea 2010;29:9413. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 467  Mammino JJ. Paederus dermatitis: an outbreak on a medical mission boat in the Amazon. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2011;4:446. Pubmed link
  • 468  Freeman P. Dermestidae. In: Freeman P, ed. Common Insect Pests of Stored Food Products. A guide to their identification. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1980:2732.
  • 469  Rustin MH, Munro DD. Papular urticaria caused by Dermestes maculatus Degeer. Clin Exp Dermatol 1984;9:31721. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 470  Ramachandran S, Hern J, Almeyda J, et al. Contact dermatitis with cervical lymphadenopathy following exposure to the hide beetle, Dermestes peruvianus. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:9435. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 471  Cormia FE, Lewis GM. Contact dermatitis from beetles, with a report of a case due to the carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophulariae. N Y State J Med 1948;48:20379. Pubmed link
  • 472  Ahmed AR, Moy R, Barr AR, et al. Carpet beetle dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:42832. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 473  Horster S, Prinz JC, Holm N, et al. [Anthrenus dermatitis.]Hautarzt 2002;53:32831. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 474  Jurecka W, Gebhart W, Mainitz M. Anthrenus sp. The paraffin block eater bug. Am J Dermatopathol 1987;9:2047. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Cockroaches (Dictyoptera)

  • 475  García F, Notario MJ, Cabanás JM, et al. Incidence of bacteria of public health interest carried by cockroaches in different food‐related environments. J Med Entomol 2012;49:14814. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 476  Pai H‐H. Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from cockroaches in long‐term care facilities and nursing homes. Acta Trop 2013;125:1822. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 477  Tilahun B, Worku B, Tachbele E, et al. High load of multi‐drug resistant nosocomial neonatal pathogens carried by cockroaches in a neonatal intensive care unit at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2012;1:12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 478  Alexander JO'D. Thysanoptera and Dictyoptera, suborder Blattaria. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:227. Cross Ref link
  • 479  Roth LM, Willis ER.The Medical and Veterinary Importance of Cockroaches. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 134 (No. 10), 1957:1147.
  • 480  Bernton HS, Brown H. Insect allergy: the allergenic potentials of the cockroach. South Med J 1969;62:120710. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 481  Zschunke E. Contact urticaria, dermatitis and asthma from cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Contact Dermatitis 1978;4:31314. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 482  Zschunke E. Contact urticaria, contact dermatitis, and asthma from cockroaches. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:171516. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 483  Monk BE, Pembroke AC. Cockroach dermatitis: an occupational hazard. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:935. Cross Ref link
  • 484  Tahan F. Chronic urticaria with cockroach hypersensitivity. Pediatr Dermatol 2006;23:3001. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Locusts (Orthoptera)

  • 485  Frankland AW. Locust sensitivity. Ann Allergy 1953;11:44553. Pubmed link
  • 486  Tee RD, Gordon DJ, Newman Taylor AJ. Allergy to locusts (Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;75:122. Cross Ref link
  • 487  Lopata AL, Fenemore B, Jeebhay MF, et al. Occupational allergy in laboratory workers caused by the African migratory grasshopper Locusta migratoria. Allergy 2005;60:2005. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 488  Monk BE. Contact urticaria to locusts. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:7078. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 489  Soparkar GR, Patel PC, Cockroft DW. Inhalant atopic sensitivity to grasshoppers in research laboratories. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:615. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera)

  • 490  Alexander JO'D. Reactions to Lepidoptera. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:17797. Cross Ref link
  • 491  Southcott RV. Lepidoptera and skin infestation. In: Parish CL, Nutting WB, Schwartzman RM, eds. Cutaneous Infestations of Man and Animal. New York: Praeger, 1983:30443.
  • 492  Henwood BP, MacDonald DM. Caterpillar dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:7793. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 493  Gullan PJ, Cranston P. The Insects: an outline of entomology, 3rd ed. London: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2004.
  • 494  Tuthill RW, Canada AT, Wilcock K, et al. An epidemiologic study of gypsy moth rash. Am J Public Health 1984;74:799803. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 495  Kikuchi T, Kobayashi K, Sakata K, et al. Gypsy moth‐induced dermatitis: a hospital review and community survey. Eur J Dermatol 2012;22:38490. Pubmed link
  • 496  Redd JT, Voorhees RE, Török TJ. Outbreak of lepidopterism at a Boy Scout camp. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:9525. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 497  Walker RB, Thomas T, Cupit D, et al. An epidemic of caterpillar sting dermatitis in a rural West Virginia community. W V Med J 1993;89:5860. Pubmed link
  • 498  De‐Long S. Mulberry tussock moth dermatitis. A study of an epidemic of unknown origin. J Epidemiol Community Health 1981;35:14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 499  Diaz JH. The evolving global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of caterpillar envenoming. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005;72:34757. Pubmed link
  • 500  Mindlin MJ, le Polain de Waroux O, Case S, et al. The arrival of oak processionary moth, a novel cause of itchy dermatitis, in the UK: experience, lessons and recommendations. Public Health 2012;126:77881. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 501  Hossler EW. Caterpillars and moths: Part I. Dermatologic manifestations of encounters with Lepidoptera. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:110;quiz 11–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 502  Haluska FG, Puliafito CA, Henriquez A, et al. Experimental gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) ophthalmia nodosa. Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:799801. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 503  Watson PG, Sevel D. Ophthalmia nodosa. Br J Ophthalmol 1966;50:20917. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 504  Dinehart SM, Archer ME, Wolf JE Jr, et al. Caripito itch: dermatitis from contact with Hylesia moths. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:7437. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 505  Jourdain F, Girod R, Vassal JM, et al. The moth Hylesia metabus and French Guiana lepidopterism: centenary of a public health concern. Parasite Paris Fr 2012;19:11728. Cross Ref link
  • 506  Müller CSL, Tilgen W, Pföhler C. Caterpillar dermatitis revisited: lepidopterism after contact with oak processionary caterpillar. BMJ Case Rep 2011;2011.
  • 507  Lamy M, Pastureaud MH, Novak F, et al. Thaumetopoein: an urticating protein from the hairs and integument of the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae). Toxicon 1986;24:34756. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 508  Rodriguez‐Mahillo AI, Gonzalez‐Muñoz M, Vega JM, et al. Setae from the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) contain several relevant allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2012;67:36774. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 509  Werno J, Lamy M, Vincendeau P. Caterpillar hairs as allergens. Lancet 1993;342:9367. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 510  Fuentes Aparicio V, Zapatero Remón L, Martínez Molero MI, et al. Allergy to pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2006;34:5963. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 511  Fuentes Aparicio V, de Barrio Fernández M, Rubio Sotés M, et al. Non‐occupational allergy caused by the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2004;32:6975. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 512  Moneo I, Vega JM, Caballero ML, et al. Isolation and characterization of Tha p 1, a major allergen from the pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Allergy 2003;58:347. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 513  Natsuaki M. Immediate and delayed‐type reactions in caterpillar dermatitis. J Dermatol 2002;29:4716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 514  De Jong MC, Hoedemaeker J, Jongebloed WL, et al. Investigative studies of the dermatitis caused by the larva of the brown‐tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.). II. Histopathology of skin lesions and scanning electron microscopy of their causative setae. Arch Dermatol Res Arch Für Dermatol Forsch 1976;255:17791. Cross Ref link
  • 515  Edwards EK Jr, Edwards EK, Kowalczyk AP. Contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis to the saddleback caterpillar with histologic correlation. Int J Dermatol 1986;25:467. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 516  Hossler EW. Caterpillars and moths: Part II. Dermatologic manifestations of encounters with Lepidoptera. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:1328;quiz 29–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 517  Gardner TL, Elston DM. Painful papulovesicles produced by the puss caterpillar. Cutis 1997;60:1256. Pubmed link
  • 518  Finkelstein Y, Raikhlin‐Eisenkraft B, Taitelman U. Systemic manifestations of erucism: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 1988;30:5734. Pubmed link
  • 519  Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, et al. Allergy to the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Clin Exp Allergy J 1999;29:141823. Cross Ref link
  • 520  Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, et al. Pine processionary caterpillar as a new cause of immunologic contact urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43:12932. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 521  Veiga AB, Blochtein B, Guimarães JA. Structures involved in production, secretion and injection of the venom produced by the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Toxicon 2001;39:134351. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 522  Vega JM, Moneo I, Armentia A, et al. Anaphylaxis to a pine caterpillar. Allergy 1997;52:12445. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 523  Inal A, Altintaş DU, Güvenmez HK, et al. Life‐threatening facial edema due to pine caterpillar mimicking an allergic event. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2006;34:1713. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 524  Gottschling S, Meyer S, Dill‐Mueller D, et al. Outbreak report of airborne caterpillar dermatitis in a kindergarten. Dermatol Basel Switz 2007;215:59. Cross Ref link
  • 525  Huang DZ. Dendrolimiasis: an analysis of 58 cases. J Trop Med Hyg 1991;94:7987. Pubmed link
  • 526  Costa RM, Atra E, Ferraz MB, et al. “Pararamose”: an occupational arthritis caused by lepidoptera (Premolis semirufa). An epidemiological study. Rev Paul Med 1993;111:4625. Pubmed link
  • 527  Portero A, Carreño E, Galarreta D, et al. Corneal inflammation from pine processionary caterpillar hairs. Cornea 2013;32:1614. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 528  Rocha‐Campos AC, Gonçalves LR, Higashi HG, et al. Specific heterologous F(ab')2 antibodies revert blood incoagulability resulting from envenoming by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001;64:2839. Pubmed link

Spiders

  • 529  Isbister GK. Necrotic arachnidism: the mythology of a modern plague. Lancet 2004;364:54953. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 530  Isbister GK, Fan HW. Spider bite. Lancet 2011;378:203947. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 531  Swanson DL, Vetter RS. Bites of brown recluse spiders and suspected necrotic arachnidism. N Engl J Med 2005;352:7007. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 532  Isbister GK, Gray MR. A prospective study of 750 definite spider bites, with expert spider identification. QJM 2002;95:72331. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 533  Alexander JO'D. Spider bites. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:20926. Cross Ref link
  • 534  King LE Jr. Spider bites. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:413. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 535  Wong RC, Hughes SE, Voorhees JJ. Spider bites. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:98104. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 536  Sams HH, Dunnick CA, Smith ML, et al. Necrotic arachnidism. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:56173;quiz 573–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 537  Vetter RS, Isbister GK. Medical aspects of spider bites. Annu Rev Entomol 2008;53:40929. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 538  Isbister GK, Gray MR. Latrodectism: a prospective cohort study of bites by formally identified redback spiders. Med J Aust 2003;179:8891. Pubmed link
  • 539  Southcott RV. Australian Harmful Arachnids and their Allies. Mitcham: RV Southcott, 1978.
  • 540  Jelinek GA, Banham ND, Dunjey SJ. Red‐back spider‐bites at Fremantle Hospital, 1982‐1987. Med J Aust 1989;150:6935. Pubmed link
  • 541  Maretić Z. Latrodectism: variations in clinical manifestations provoked by Latrodectus species of spiders. Toxicon 1983;21:45766. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 542  Stawiski MA. Insect bites and stings. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1985;3:785808. Pubmed link
  • 543  Jelinek GA. Widow spider envenomation (latrodectism): a worldwide problem. Wilderness Environ Med 1997;8:22631. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 544  Sari I, Zengin S, Davutoglu V, et al. Myocarditis after black widow spider envenomation. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26:630.e1–3. Pubmed link
  • 545  Pneumatikos IA, Galiatsou E, Goe D, et al. Acute fatal toxic myocarditis after black widow spider envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 2003;41:158. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 546  Isbister GK, Brown SGA, Miller M, et al. A randomised controlled trial of intramuscular vs. intravenous antivenom for latrodectism – the RAVE study. QJM 2008;101:55765. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 547  Ellis RM, Sprivulis PC, Jelinek GA, et al. A double‐blind, randomized trial of intravenous versus intramuscular antivenom for red‐back spider envenoming. Emerg Med Australas 2005;17:1526. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 548  Clark RF, Wethern‐Kestner S, Vance MV, et al. Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:7827. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 549  Murphy CM, Hong JJ, Beuhler MC. Anaphylaxis with Latrodectus antivenin resulting in cardiac arrest. J Med Toxicol 2011;7:31721. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 550  Hoyte CO, Cushing TA, Heard KJ. Anaphylaxis to black widow spider antivenom. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:836.e1–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 551  Miller MK, Whyte IM, White J, et al. Clinical features and management of Hadronyche envenomation in man. Toxicon 2000;38:40927. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 552  Isbister GK, Gray MR, Balit CR, et al. Funnel‐web spider bite: a systematic review of recorded clinical cases. Med J Aust 2005;182:40711. Pubmed link
  • 553  Saupe EE, Papes M, Selden PA, et al. Tracking a medically important spider: climate change, ecological niche modeling, and the brown recluse (Loxosceles reclusa). PLOS One 2011;6:e17731. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 554  Hubiche T, Delaunay P, del Giudice P. A case of loxoscelism in southern France. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013;88:8078. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 555  Sams HH, Hearth SB, Long LL, et al. Nineteen documented cases of Loxosceles reclusa envenomation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:6038. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 556  Robb CW, Hayes BB, Boyd AS. Generalized vasculitic exanthem following Loxosceles reclusa envenomation. J Cutan Pathol 2007;34:51314. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 557  Lane L, McCoppin HH, Dyer J. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia in a child following Loxosceles reclusa envenomation. Pediatr Dermatol 2011;28:6858. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 558  Williams ST, Khare VK, Johnston GA, et al. Severe intravascular hemolysis associated with brown recluse spider envenomation. A report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 1995;104:4637. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 559  De Souza AL, Malaque CM, Sztajnbok J, et al. Loxosceles venom‐induced cytokine activation, hemolysis, and acute kidney injury. Toxicon 2008;51:1516. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 560  Rosen JL, Dumitru JK, Langley EW, et al. Emergency department death from systemic loxoscelism. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60:43941. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 561  Elbahlawan LM, Stidham GL, Bugnitz MC, et al. Severe systemic reaction to Loxosceles reclusa spider bites in a pediatric population. Pediatr Emerg Care 2005;21:17780. Pubmed link
  • 562  McDade J, Aygun B, Ware RE. Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomation leading to acute hemolytic anemia in six adolescents. J Pediatr 2010;156:1557. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 563  Lane DR, Youse JS. Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia secondary to brown recluse spider bite: a review of the literature and discussion of treatment. Cutis 2004;74:3417. Pubmed link
  • 564  Elston DM, Miller SD, Young RJ 3rd, et al. Comparison of colchicine, dapsone, triamcinolone, and diphenhydramine therapy for the treatment of brown recluse spider envenomation: a double‐blind, controlled study in a rabbit model. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:5957. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 565  Barrett SM, Romine‐Jenkins M, Fisher DE. Dapsone or electric shock therapy of brown recluse spider envenomation? Ann Emerg Med 1994;24:215. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 566  Phillips S, Kohn M, Baker D, et al. Therapy of brown spider envenomation: a controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen, dapsone, and cyproheptadine. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25:3638. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 567  Manríquez JJ, Silva S. [Cutaneous and visceral loxoscelism: a systematic review.] Rev Chilena Infectol 2009;26:42032. Pubmed link
  • 568  Tambourgi DV, Gonçalves‐de‐Andrade RM, van den Berg CW. Loxoscelism: from basic research to the proposal of new therapies. Toxicon 2010;56:111319. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 569  Wong SL, Defranzo AJ, Morykwas MJ, et al. Loxoscelism and negative pressure wound therapy (vacuum‐assisted closure): a clinical case series. Am Surg 2009;75:112831. Pubmed link
  • 570  Campbell DS, Rees RS, King LE. Wolf spider bites. Cutis 1987;39:11314. Pubmed link
  • 571  Redman JF. Human envenomation by a lycosid. Arch Dermatol 1974;110:11112. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 572  Krinsky WL. Envenomation by the sac spider Chiracanthium mildei. Cutis 1987;40:1279. Pubmed link
  • 573  Vest DK. Necrotic arachnidism in the northwest United States and its probable relationship to Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer) spiders. Toxicon 1987;25:17584. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 574  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Necrotic arachnidism – Pacific Northwest, 1988‐1996. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1996;45:4336.
  • 575  White J, Hirst D, Hender E. 36 cases of bites by spiders, including the white‐tailed spider, Lampona cylindrata. Med J Aust 1989;150:4013. Pubmed link
  • 576  Vetter RS. Envenomation by spiders of the genus Hololena (Araneae: Agelenidae). Toxicon 2012;60:31214. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 577  Isbister GK, Gray MR. White‐tail spider bite: a prospective study of 130 definite bites by Lampona species. Med J Aust 2003;179:199202. Pubmed link
  • 578  Banks J, Sirvid P, Vink C. White‐tailed spider bites – arachnophobic fallout? N Z Med J 2004;117:U748. Pubmed link

Scorpions (Scorpiones)

  • 579  Chippaux J‐P, Goyffon M. Epidemiology of scorpionism: a global appraisal. Acta Trop 2008;107:719. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 580  Sheals JG. Arachnids (scorpions, spiders, ticks, etc.). In: Smith KGV, ed. Insects and other Arthropods of Medical Importance. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973:41772.
  • 581  Mesquita MBS, Moraes‐Santos T, Moraes MFD. Centrally injected tityustoxin produces the systemic manifestations observed in severe scorpion poisoning. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;187:5866. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 582  Stahnke HL. Arizona's lethal scorpion. Ariz Med 1972;29:4903. Pubmed link
  • 583  Balozet L. Scorpionism in the Old World. In: Bucherl W, Buckley EE, eds. Venomous Animals and their Venom, Vol. III. Venomous Invertebrates. New York: Academic, 1971:34971. Cross Ref link
  • 584  Allen C. Arachnid envenomations. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1992;10:26998. Pubmed link
  • 585  Forrester MB, Stanley SK. Epidemiology of scorpion envenomations in Texas. Vet Hum Toxicol 2004;46:21921. Pubmed link
  • 586  Freire‐Maia L, Campos JA, Amaral CF. Approaches to the treatment of scorpion envenoming. Toxicon 1994;32:100914. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 587  Rogowski RS, Krueger BK, Collins JH, et al. Tityustoxin K alpha blocks voltage‐gated noninactivating K+ channels and unblocks inactivating K+ channels blocked by alpha‐dendrotoxin in synaptosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:14759. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 588  Shiau DT, Sanders JW, Putnam SD, et al. Self‐reported incidence of snake, spider, and scorpion encounters among deployed U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mil Med 2007;172:1099102. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 589  Radmanesh M. Cutaneous manifestations of the Hemiscorpius lepturus sting: a clinical study. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:5007. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 590  Shahbazzadeh D, Srairi‐Abid N, Feng W, et al. Hemicalcin, a new toxin from the Iranian scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus which is active on ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels. Biochem J 2007;404:8996. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 591  Isbister GK, Volschenk ES, Balit CR, et al. Australian scorpion stings: a prospective study of definite stings. Toxicon 2003;41:87783. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 592  Southcott RV. Australian Harmful Arachnids and their Allies. Mitcham: RV Southcott, 1978.
  • 593  Alexander JO'D. Scorpion stings. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:199207. Cross Ref link
  • 594  Gueron M, Yaron R. Cardiovascular manifestations of severe scorpion sting. Clinicopathologic correlations. Chest 1970;57:15662. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 595  Carbonaro PA, Janniger CK, Schwartz RA. Scorpion sting reactions. Cutis 1996;57:13941. Pubmed link
  • 596  Amitai Y. Clinical manifestations and management of scorpion envenomation. Public Health Rev 1998;26:25763. Pubmed link
  • 597  Rahav G, Weiss AT. Scorpion sting‐induced pulmonary edema. Scintigraphic evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Chest 1990;97:147880. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 598  Hiller K, Jarrod MM, Franke HA, et al. Scorpion antivenom administered by alternative infusions. Ann Emerg Med 2010;56:30910. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 599  Brown N, Landon J. Antivenom: the most cost‐effective treatment in the world? Toxicon 2010;55:14057. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 600  Tuuri RE, Reynolds S. Scorpion envenomation and antivenom therapy. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27:66772;quiz 673–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 601  Haddad V Jr, Cardoso JLC, Lupi O, et al. Tropical dermatology: Venomous arthropods and human skin: Part II. Diplopoda, Chilopoda, and Arachnida. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:347.e1–9;quiz 355. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Ticks (Acari)

  • 602  Arthur DR. Ticks and Disease. Oxford: Pergamon, 1961.
  • 603  Chinery WA. The nature and origin of the “cement” substance at the site of attachment and feeding of adult Haemaphysalis spinigera (Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 1973;10:35562. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 616  Leker RR, Felsenstein I, Raveh D, et al. Ornithodoros tholozani bites: a unique clinical picture. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:10256. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 617  Patterson JW, Fitzwater JE, Connell J. Localized tick bite reaction. Cutis 1979;24:1689,172. Pubmed link
  • 618  Aoki K, Kamata H, Iida T, et al. Tick bite: two cases studied by scanning electron microscopy. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:23340. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 619  Goldman L. Tick bite granuloma: failure of prevention of lesion by excision of tick bite area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1963;12:2468. Pubmed link
  • 620  Heyl T. Tick bite alopecia. Clin Exp Dermatol 1982;7:53742. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 621  McGinley‐Smith DE, Tsao SS. Dermatoses from ticks. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:363–92;quiz 3936. Cross Ref link
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  • 623  Fujiwara K, Ono T, Kawashima K. Multiple larval tick infestation of man. A case of infesting larvae seeming to be pustules with a red halo. J Dermatol 1981;8:1579. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 624  Jones BE. Human “seed tick” infestation. Amblyomma americanum larvae. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:81214. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Scabies

  • 638  Hebra F von. On Diseases of the Skin including the Exanthemata, Vol. II. London: the New Sydenham Society, 1868: 164252.
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  • 671  Hancock BW, Ward AM. Serum immunoglobulin in scabies. J Invest Dermatol 1974;63:4824. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 691  Falk ES, Eide TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981;20:6005. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 697  Scott GR, Chosidow O, IUSTI/WHO. European guideline for the management of scabies, 2010. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:3013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 698  Strong M, Johnstone P. Interventions for treating scabies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD000320. Pubmed link
  • 699  Mounsey KE, McCarthy JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013;26:1339. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 704  Steer AC, Kearns T, Andrews RM, et al. Ivermectin worthy of further investigation. Bull WHO 2009;87:A;author reply B.
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  • 715  Del Giudice P, Marty P, Gari‐Toussaint M, et al. Ivermectin in elderly patients. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:3512. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 716  Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. Before using ivermectin therapy for scabies. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:4789;discussion 480. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 717  Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. Ivermectin: a few caveats are warranted before initiating therapy for scabies. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:154950. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 718  Bredal WP. Deaths associated with ivermectin for scabies. Lancet 1997;350:216. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 725  Burns BR, Lampe RM, Hansen GH. Neonatal scabies. Am J Dis Child 1979;133:10314. Pubmed link
  • 726  Jarrett P, Snow J. Scabies presenting as a necrotizing vasculitis in the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:7013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 727  Valks R, Buezo GF, Daudén E. Scabies and leukocytoclastic vasculitis in an HIV‐seropositive man. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:6056. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Crusted scabies

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  • 740  Espy PD, Jolly HW Jr. Norwegian scabies. Occurrence in a patient undergoing immunosuppression. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:1936. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 758  Kartono F, Lee EW, Lanum D, et al. Crusted Norwegian scabies in an adult with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:6268. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 760  Huffam SE, Currie BJ. Ivermectin for Sarcoptes scabiei hyperinfestation. Int J Infect Dis 1998;2:1524. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 761  Chosidow O. Scabies and pediculosis. Lancet 2000;355:81926. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 762  Alberici F, Pagani L, Ratti G, Viale P. Ivermectin alone or in combination with benzyl benzoate in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus‐associated scabies. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:96972. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 763  Del Giudice P. Ivermectin in scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2002;15:1236. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 764  Santoro AF, Rezac MA, Lee JB. Current trends in ivermectin usage for scabies. J Drugs Dermatol 2003;2:397401. Pubmed link
  • 765  Monsel G, Chosidow O. Management of scabies. Skin Therapy Lett. 2012;17:14. Pubmed link
  • 766  Scott GR, Chosidow O. European guideline for the management of scabies. Int J STD AIDS 2010;22:3013. Cross Ref link
  • 767  Ortega‐Loayza AG, McCall CO, Nunley JR. Crusted scabies and multiple dosages of ivermectin. J Drugs Dermatol 2013;12:5845. Pubmed link
  • 768  Currie BJ, Harumal P, McKinnon M, et al. First documentation of in vivo and in vitro ivermectin resistance in Sarcoptes scabiei. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:e812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 769  Davis JS, McGloughlin S, Tong SY, et al. A novel clinical grading scale to guide the management of crusted scabies. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7:e2387. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Animal scabies

  • 770  Arlian LG, Runyan RA, Estes SA. Cross infestivity of Sarcoptes scabiei. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;10:97986. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 771  Chakrabarti A, Chatterjee A, Chakrabarti K, et al. Human scabies from contact with water buffaloes infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. bubalis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1981;75:3537. Cross Ref link
  • 772  Chakravorty AN, Ghosh S, Banerjee AK. Case notes of scabies in a family transmitted from goats. Indian Med Gaz 1953;88:1534.
  • 773  Fain A. Epidemiological problems of scabies. Int J Dermatol 1978;17:2030. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 774  Goldman L, Feldman MD. Human infestation with scabies of monkeys. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1949;59:1758. Cross Ref link
  • 775  Macdonald RAS. Observations on an extensive human infection by sarcoptic mange of the horse. Lancet 1922;i:7389. Cross Ref link
  • 776  Toomey N. Scabies of animal origin. Urol Cutan Rev 1922;26:47389.
  • 777  Beck AL Jr. Animal scabies affecting man. Arch Dermatol 1965;91:545. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 778  Charlesworth EN, Johnson JL. An epidemic of canine scabies in man. Arch Dermatol 1974;110:5724. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 779  Emde RN. Sarcoptic mange in the human. Arch Dermatol 1961;84:6336. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 780  Ruiz‐Maldonado R, Tamayo L, Dominguez J. Norwegian scabies due to Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:1733. Cross Ref link
  • 781  Smith EB, Claypoole TF. Canine scabies in dogs and humans. JAMA 1967;199:5964. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 782  Tannenbaum MH. Canine scabies in man: a report of human mange. JAMA 1965;193:1412. Cross Ref link
  • 783  Thomsett LR. Mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats. BMJ 1968;3:935. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 784  Norins AL. Canine scabies in children. ‘Puppy dog’ dermatitis. Am J Dis Child 1969;117:23942. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 785  Estes SA, Kummel B, Arlian L. Experimental canine scabies in humans. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:397401. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 786  Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE. Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
  • 787  Chakrabarti A. Human notoedric scabies from contact with cats infested with Notoedres cati. Int J Dermatol 1986;25:6468. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 788  Ito K, Ito Y, Kondo S, et al. Animal scabies in humans. Bull Pharmacol Res Inst 1968;77:18.
  • 789  Bandi KM, Saikumar C. Sarcoptic mange: a zoonotic ectoparasitic skin disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:1567. Pubmed link
  • 790  Burroughs RF, Elston DM. What's eating you? Canine scabies. Cutis 2003;72:1079. Pubmed link
  • 791  McClain D, Dana AN, Goldenberg G. Mite Infestations. Dermatol Ther 2009;22:32746. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Knemidokoptidae, family Psoroptidae and family Listrophoridae

  • 792  Toomey N. Scabies of animal origin. Urol Cutan Rev 1922;26:47389.
  • 793  Elston DM. What's eating you? Psoroptes mites. Cutis 2006;77:2834. Pubmed link
  • 794  Van de Heyning J, Thienpont D. Otitis externa caused by the mite Otodectes cynotis. Laryngoscope 1977;87:193841. Pubmed link
  • 795  Herwick RP. Lesions caused by canine ear mites. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:130. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 796  McClain D, Dana AN, Goldenberg G. Mite infestations. Dermatol Ther 2009;22:32746. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 797  Owen D. Common Parasites of Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs. Medical Research Council Laboratory Animals Centre Handbook, No. 1. London: HMSO, 1972.
  • 798  Burns DA. Papular urticaria produced by the mite Listrophorus gibbus. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:2001. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Mites of stored products

  • 799  Hughes AM. The Mites of Stored Food and Houses, 2nd edn. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Technical Bulletin, No. 9. London: HMSO, 1976.
  • 800  Tee RD. Allergy to storage mites. Clin Exp Allergy 1994;24:63640. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 801  Estévez DQ. Occupational contact urticaria‐dermatitis by Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:3089. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 802  Fields JP, Hoke AW, Cronce PC. Cheese mite dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1968;98:66970. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 803  Vidal C, Rial A. Airborne contact dermatitis from Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Contact Dermatitis 1998;33:181. Cross Ref link
  • 804  Armentia A, Fernández A, Pérez‐Santos C, et al. Occupational allergy to mites in salty ham, chorizo and cheese. Allergol Immunopathol Madr 1994;22:1524. Pubmed link
  • 805  Thomas EWP. Dermatitis due to Tyroglyphus longior Gerv. var Castellani, Hirst in cheese dust. Br J Dermatol 1942;54:31319. Cross Ref link
  • 806  Kilpiö O, Pirilä V. A new tyroglyphid mite causing dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl. (Stockh) 1952;29:197200.
  • 807  Pirilä V. On cheese and fig mite dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1951;31:6307.
  • 808  Pirilä V, Kilpiö O. Occupational mite dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1954;34:36871.
  • 809  Elder BL, Morgan MS, Arlian LG. Effect of stored product mite extracts on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. J Med Entomol. 2012;49:141118. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 810  Alexander JO'D. Skin eruptions caused by mites from stored food. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:34552. Cross Ref link

House‐dust mites

  • 811  Hughes AM. The Mites of Stored Food and Houses. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Technical Bulletin 9. London: HMSO, 1976.
  • 812  Maunsell K, Wraith DG, Cunnington AM. Mites and house‐dust allergy in bronchial asthma. Lancet 1968;1:126770. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 813  Sesay HR, Dobson RM. Studies on the mite fauna of house dust in Scotland with special reference to that of bedding. Acarologia 1972;14:38492. Pubmed link
  • 814  Spieksma FT, Spieksma‐Boezeman MI. The mite fauna of house dust with particular reference to the house‐dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897) (Psoroptidae: Sarcoptiformes). Acarologia 1967;9:22641. Pubmed link
  • 815  Wharton GW. Mites and commercial extracts of house dust. Science 1970;167:13823. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 816  Hughes AM, Maunsell K. A study of a population of house dust mite in its natural environment. Clin Allergy 1973;3:12731. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 817  Voorhorst R, Spieksma FThM, Varekamp H. House‐dust Atopy and the House‐dust Mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart 1897). Leiden: Stafleu's Scientific Publishing, 1969.
  • 818  Platts‐Mills TA, Mitchell EB, Rowntree S, et al. The role of dust mite allergens in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:23347. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 819  Tupker RA, De Monchy JG, Coenraads PJ, et al. Induction of atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust mite. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:106470. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 820  Reitamo S, Visa K, Kähönen K, et al. Eczematous reactions in atopic patients caused by epicutaneous testing with inhalant allergens. Br J Dermatol 1986;114:3039. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 821  Norris PG, Schofield O, Camp RD. A study of the role of house dust mite in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:43540. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 822  Shah D, Hales J, Cooper D, et al. Recognition of pathogenically relevant house dust mite hypersensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis: a new approach? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:101218. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 823  Beltrani VS. The role of house dust mites and other aeroallergens in atopic dermatitis.Clin Dermatol 2003;21:17782. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 824  Gutgesell C, Heise S, Seubert S, et al. Double‐blind placebo‐controlled house dust mite control measures in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:704. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 825  Oosting A‐J, de Bruin‐Weller MS, Terreehorst I, et al. Effect of mattress encasings on atopic dermatitis outcome measures in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study: the Dutch mite avoidance study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:5006. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 826  Fuiano N, Fusilli S, Incorvaia C. House dust mite‐related allergic diseases: role of skin prick test, atopy patch test, and RAST in the diagnosis of different manifestations of allergy. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169:81924. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 827  Casimir GJ, Duchateau J, Gossart B, et al. Atopic dermatitis: role of food and house dust mite allergens. Pediatrics 1993;92:2526. Pubmed link
  • 828  Roberts DL. House dust mite avoidance and atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:7356. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 829  Tan BB, Weald D, Strickland I, et al. Double‐blind controlled trial of effect of housedust‐mite allergen avoidance on atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1996;347:1518. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 830  Ricci G, Patrizi A, Specchia F, et al. Effect of house dust mite avoidance measures in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:37984. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 831  Friedmann PS. Dust mite avoidance in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:4337. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 832  Arshad SH, Bateman B, Sadeghnejad A, et al. Prevention of allergic disease during childhood by allergen avoidance: the Isle of Wight prevention study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:30713. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 833  Beck HI, Korsgaard J. Atopic dermatitis and house dust mites. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:24551. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 834  Garritsen FM, ter Haar NM, Spuls PI. House dust mite reduction in the management of atopic dermatitis. A critically appraised topic. Br J Dermatol 2013;168:68891. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 835  Nankervis H, Smith EV, Boyle RJ et al. House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema. Cochrane Library Protocol. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com. (last accessed October 2014).
  • 836  Cameron MM. Can house dust mite‐triggered atopic dermatitis be alleviated using acaricides? Br J Dermatol 1997;137:18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Pyemotes mites

  • 837  Booth BH, Jones RW. Epidemiological and clinical study of grain itch. J Am Med Assoc 1952;150:15759. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 838  Uenotsuchi T, Satoh E, Kiryu H, et al. Pyemotes dermatitis caused by indirect contact with husk rice. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:6802. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 839  Rycroft RJ, Kennedy C. Pyemotes dermatitis in display artists. Clin Exp Dermatol 1981;6:62934. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 840  Betz TG, Davis BL, Fournier PV, et al. Occupational dermatitis associated with straw itch mites (Pyemotes ventricosus). JAMA 1982;247:28213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 841  Grob M, Dorn K, Lautenschlager S. [Grain mites. A small epidemic caused by Pyemotes species.] Hautarzt 1998;49:83843. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 842  Samsinák K, Chmela J, Vobrázková E. Pyemotes herfsi (Oudemans, 1936) as causative agent of another mass dermatitis in Europe (Acari, Pyemotidae). Folia Parasitol 1979;26:514. Pubmed link
  • 843  Le Fichoux Y, Rack G, Motte P, et al. [Pruriginous dermatitis due to Pyemotes zwoelferi Krczal, 1963. About several cases in the Alpes‐Maritimes (France) (author's transl.).] Acta Trop 1980;37:839. Pubmed link
  • 844  Hewitt M, Barrow GI, Miller DC, et al. A case of Pyemotes dermatitis. With a note on the role of these mites in skin disease. Br J Dermatol 1976;94:42330. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 845  Letchford J, Strungs I, Farrell D. Pyemotes species strongly implicated in an outbreak of dermatitis in a Queensland country hospital. Pathology 1994;26:3302. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 846  Rodríguez‐Casado MJ, Cerro‐González R, Martín‐Blázquez JL, et al. [Outbreak of Pyemotes dermatitis in an elementary school.] Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2004;22:3701. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 847  Del Giudice P, Blanc‐Amrane V, Bahadoran P, et al. Pyemotes ventricosus dermatitis, southeastern France. Emerging Infect Dis 2008;14:175961. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 848  Alexander JO'D. Pyemotes infestation. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:31725. Cross Ref link
  • 849  Fine RM, Scott HG. Straw itch mite dermatitis caused by Pyemotes ventricosus: comparative aspects. South Med J 1965;58:41620. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 850  Del Giudice P, Caumes E, Boissy C, et al. An outbreak of creeping eruption in southern France. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:8245. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 851  Bellido‐Blasco JB, Arnedo‐Pena A, González‐Morán F, et al. [Dermatitis outbreaks caused by Pyemotes.] Med Clin (Barc) 2000;114:2946. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Family Tydeidae

  • 852  Stingeni L, Principato M. Epidemic occupational dermatitis caused by Pronematus davisi (Acari: Tydeidae). Br J Dermatol 2002;146:92930. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Plant mites

  • 853  Derrick EH. A tetranychid mite which may attack man. Aust J Sci 1954;17:678.
  • 854  Desch CE Jr. Mites causing or transmitting human disease. In: Parish LC, Nutting WB, Schwartzman RM, eds. Cutaneous Infestations of Man and Animal. New York: Praeger, 1983:26183.
  • 855  Manson DCM. The spider mite family Tetranychidae in New Zealand V — Tetranychus (Tetranychus) moutensis. A new species of spider mite from flax (Phormium tenax Forst). N Z J Sci 1970;13:3237.
  • 856  Southcott RV. Australian Harmful Arachnids and their Allies. Mitcham: Southcott RV, 1978.
  • 857  Jeebhay MF, Baatjies R, Chang YS, et al. Risk factors for allergy due to the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) among table grape farm workers. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;144:1439. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Cheyletiella mites

  • 858  Fox TS, Ewing SA. Morphologic features, behavior, and life history of Cheyletiella yasguri. Am J Vet Res 1969;30:26985. Pubmed link
  • 859  Miller WH Jr. Cheyletiella infestation. In: Parish LC, Nutting WB, Schwartzman RM, eds. Cutaneous Infestations of Man and Animal. New York: Praeger, 1983:25560.
  • 860  Lomholt S. To Tilfaelde af Dyrefnat hos Mennesket (Cheiletiella parasitivorax). Hospitalstidende 1918;61:10989.
  • 861  Davies JHT. Another acarine disease. Br J Dermatol 1938;50:2434. Cross Ref link
  • 862  Keh B. Intense pruritus in man and concurrent infestation of Cheyletiella blakei Smiley (Acari: Cheyletiellidae) on cats in a home in California. Calif Vector Views 1975;22:14.
  • 863  Ayalew L, Vaillancourt M. Observations on an outbreak of infestation of dogs with Cheyletiella yasguri and its public health implications. Can Vet J 1976;17:18491. Pubmed link
  • 864  Moxham JW, Goldfinch TT, Heath ACG. Cheyletiella parasitivorax infestation of cats associated with skin lesions of man. NZ Vet J 1968;16:502. Cross Ref link
  • 865  Taylor RM. Cheyletiella parasitivorax infestation of a cat and associated skin lesions of man. Aust Vet J 1969;45:435. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 866  Gething MA, Walton GS. Possible host specificity of Cheyletiella mites. Vet Rec 1972;88:512. Cross Ref link
  • 867  Smiley RL. A review of the family Cheyletiellidae (Acarina). Ann Entomol Soc Am 1970;63:105678. Cross Ref link
  • 868  Hewitt M, Turk SM. Cheyletiella sp. in the personal environment. Br J Dermatol 1974;90:67983. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 869  Van Bronswijk JEMH, de Kreek EJ. Cheyletiella (Acari: Cheyletiellidae) of dog, cat and domesticated rabbit: a review. J Med Entomol 1976;13:31527. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 870  Ottenschot TRF, Gil D. Cheyletiellosis in long‐haired cats. Tijdschrg Diergeneesk 1978;103:11048.
  • 871  Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE. Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
  • 872  Alexander JO'D. Infestation with cheyletiellid mites. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:32735. Cross Ref link
  • 873  Hewitt M, Walton GS, Waterhouse M. Pet animal infestations and human skin lesions. Br J Dermatol 1971;85:21525. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 874  Wagner R, Stallmeister N. Cheyletiella dermatitis in humans, dogs and cats. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:111012. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 875  Cvancara JL, Elston DM. Bullous eruption in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: mite dermatitis caused by Cheyletiella blakei. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:2657. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 876  Tsianakas P, Polack B, Pinquier L et al. La cheyletellose: une étiologie inhabituelle d'éruption vesiculobulleuse. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2000;127:8269. Pubmed link
  • 877  Dobrosavljevic DD, Popovic ND, Radovanovic SS. Systemic manifestations of Cheyletiella infestation in man. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:3979. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 878  Maurice PDL, Schofield O, Griffiths WAD. Cheyletiella dermatitis: a case report and the role of specific immunological hypersensitivity in its pathogenesis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:3814. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 879  Burns DA. The investigation and management of arthropod bite reactions acquired in the home. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:11420. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 880  Elston DM. What's eating you? Cheyletiella mites. Cutis 2004;74:234. Pubmed link

Harvest mites

  • 881  Kettle DS. Acari – Prostigmata and Gamasida (chiggers, blood‐sucking mites). In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology. London: Croom Helm, 1984:380405.
  • 882  Jones BM. The penetration of the host tissue by the harvest mite, Trombicula autumnalis Shaw. Parasitology 1950;40:24760. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 883  Richards WS. The distribution and biology of the harvest mite in Great Britain (Trombiculidae, Acarina). Parasitology 1950;40:11826. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 884  Alexander JO'D. Infestation with trombiculid mite larvae. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag 1984:35362. Cross Ref link
  • 885  Sheals JG. Arachnida (scorpions, spiders, ticks etc.). In: Smith KGV, ed. Insects and other Arthropods of Medical Importance. London: the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973: 41772.
  • 886  Uchikawa K, Kumada N. Endemic outbreaks of tsutsugamushi disease in Japan and vector chiggers (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae). In: Channabasavanna GP, Viraktamath CA, eds. Progress in Acarology, Vol. 1. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH, 1988:1036.
  • 887  Heyne H, Ueckermann EA, Coetzee L. First report of a parasitic mite, Leptotrombidium (Hypotrombidium) subquadratum (Lawrence) (Acari: Trombiculidae: Trombiculinae), from dogs and children in the Bloemfontein area, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2001;72:1056. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 888  Krinsky WL. Dermatoses associated with the bites of mites and ticks (Arthropoda: Acari). Int J Dermatol 1983;22:7591. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 889  Poulson PA. Cutaneous reactions to some parasitic arthropods with special reference to the harvest mite (Trombicula autumnalis Shaw). Acta Derm Venereol Suppl. (Stockh) 1952;29:2903.
  • 890  Smith GA, Sharma V, Knapp JF, Shields BJ. The summer penile syndrome: seasonal acute hypersensitivity reaction caused by chigger bites on the penis. Pediatr Emerg Care 1998;14:11618. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 891  Pritchard JG, Kossoris PD, Leibovitch RA, et al. Implications of trombiculid mite bites: report of a case and submission of evidence in a murder trial. J Forensic Sci 1986;32:3016.
  • 892  Elston DM. What's eating you? Chiggers. Cutis 2006;77:3502. Pubmed link
  • 893  McClain D, Dana AN, Goldenberg G. Mite infestations. Dermatol Ther 2009;22:32746. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Bird, rodent and reptile mites (Gamasida)

  • 894  Kettle DS. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. London: Croom Helm, 1984:3919.
  • 895  Alexander JO'D. Infestation with gamasid mites. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:30315. Cross Ref link
  • 896  Auger P, Nantel J, Meunier N, et al. Skin acariasis caused by Dermanyssus gallinae (de Geer): an in‐hospital outbreak. Can Med Assoc J 1979;120:7003. Pubmed link
  • 897  Naltsas S, Hodge SJ, Gataky GJ Jr, et al. Eczematous dermatitis caused by Dermanyssus americanus. Cutis 1980;25:42931. Pubmed link
  • 898  Regan AM, Metersky ML, Craven DE. Nosocomial dermatitis and pruritus caused by pigeon mite infestation. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:21857. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 899  Bellanger AP, Bories C, Foulet F, et al. Nosocomial dermatitis caused by Dermanyssus gallinae. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:2823. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 900  Sexton DJ, Haynes B. Bird‐mite infestation in a university hospital. Lancet 1975;1:445.
  • 901  Uesugi Y, Aiba S, Suetake T, et al. Multiple infestations with avian mites within a family. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:5667. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 902  Lucky AW, Sayers C, Argus JD, et al. Avian mite bites acquired from a new source – pet gerbils: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:16770. Pubmed link
  • 903  Circella E, Pugliese N, Todisco G, et al. Chlamydia psittaci infection in canaries heavily infested by Dermanyssus gallinae. Exp Appl Acarol 2011;55:32938. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 904  Valiente Moro C, De Luna CJ, Tod A, et al. The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae): a potential vector of pathogenic agents. Exp Appl Acarol 2009;48:93104. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 905  Hidano A, Asanuma K. Letter: Acariasis caused by bird mites. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:8812. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 906  Lodha KR. The occurrence of tropica fowl mite, Ornithonyssus (Bdellonyssus, Liponyssus) bursa on man in Rajasthan (India). Vet Rec 1969;84:3635. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 907  Orton DI, Warren LJ, Wilkinson JD. Avian mite dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:12931. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 908  Charlesworth EN, Clegern RW. Tropical rat mite dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:9378. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 909  Fox JG. Outbreak of tropical rat mite dermatitis in laboratory personnel. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:6768. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 910  Engel PM, Welzel J, Maass M, et al. Tropical rat mite dermatitis: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:14659. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 911  Chung SL, Hwang SJ, Kwon SB, et al. Outbreak of rat mite dermatitis in medical students. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:5914. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 912  Creel NB, Crowe MA, Mullen GR. Pet hamsters as a source of rat mite dermatitis. Cutis 2003;71:45761. Pubmed link
  • 913  Beck W, Pfister K. [Occurrence of a house‐infesting tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) on murides and human beings in Munich: 3 case reports.] Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004;116(Suppl. 4):658. Pubmed link
  • 914  Baumstark J, Beck W, Hofmann H. Outbreak of tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) dermatitis in a home for disabled persons. Dermatology (Basel) 2007;215:668. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 915  Schultz H. Human infestation by Ophionyssus natricis snake mite. Br J Dermatol 1975;93:6957. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 916  Collgros H, Iglesias‐Sancho M, Aldunce MJ, et al. Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite): an underdiagnosed environmental infestation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013;38:3747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 917  McClain D, Dana AN, Goldenberg G. Mite infestations. Dermatol Ther 2009;22:32746. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 918  Rossiter A. Occupational otitis externa in chicken catchers. J Laryngol Otol 1997;111:3667. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 919  Dogramaci AC, Culha G, Ozçelik S. Dermanyssus gallinae infestation: an unusual cause of scalp pruritus treated with permethrin shampoo. J Dermatol Treat 2010;21:31921. Cross Ref link

Follicle mites (Demodicidae)

  • 920  Hirst S. Studies on Acari, No. 1. The Genus Demodex, Owen. London: the British Museum (Natural History), 1919.
  • 921  King DF, King LA, Rabson SM. Demodex folliculorum of Simon. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:9078. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 922  Nutting WB. Hair follicle mites (Acari: Demodicidae) of man. Int J Dermatol 1976;15:7998. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 923  Desch C, Nutting WB. Demodex folliculorum (Simon) and D. brevis akbulatova of man: redescription and reevaluation. J Parasitol 1972;58:16977. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 924  Riechers R, Kopf AW. Cutaneous infestation with Demodex folliculorum in man. J Invest Dermatol 1969;52:1036. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 925  Jimenez‐Acosta F, Planas L, Penneys N. Demodex mites contain immunoreactive lipase. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:14367. Cross Ref link
  • 926  Franklin CD, Underwood JC. Demodex infestation of oral mucosal sebaceous glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;61:802. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 927  Aylesworth R, Vance JC. Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis in cutaneous biopsies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:5839. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 928  Sengbusch HG, Hauswirth JW. Prevalence of hair follicle mites, Demodex folliculorum and d. brevis (Acari: Demodicidae), in a selected human population in western New York, USA. J Med Entomol 1986;23:3848. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 929  Forton F, Seys B. Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case‐control study using standardized skin‐surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol 1993;128:6509. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 930  Bonnar E, Eustace P, Powell FC. The Demodex mite population in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:4438. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 931  Maier T, Sattler E, Braun‐Falco M, et al. High‐definition optical coherence tomography for the in vivo detection of demodex mites. Dermatology (Basel) 2012;225:2716. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 932  Sattler EC, Maier T, Hoffmann VS, et al. Noninvasive in vivo detection and quantification of Demodex mites by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2012;167:10427. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 933  Lacey N, Forton FMN, Powell FC. Demodex quantification methods: limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:21213. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 934  Ayres S. Rosacea‐like demodicidosis . Calif Med 1963;98:32830. Pubmed link
  • 935  Dominey A, Tschen J, Rosen T, et al. Pityriasis folliculorum revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:814. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 936  Fariña MC, Requena L, Sarasa JL, et al. Spinulosis of the face as a manifestation of demodicidosis. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:9013. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 937  Burns DA. Follicle mites and their role in disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17:1525. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 938  Elston DM. Demodex mites: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2010;28:5024. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 939  Lacey N, Ní Raghallaigh S, Powell FC. Demodex mites – commensals, parasites or mutualistic organisms? Dermatology (Basel) 2011;222:12830. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 940  Diaz‐Perez JL. Demodex mites in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:81213. Cross Ref link
  • 941  Erbağci Z, Ozgöztaşi O. The significance of Demodex folliculorum density in rosacea. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:4215. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 942  Robinson TW. Demodex folliculorum and rosacea. A clinical and histological study. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:5424. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 943  Marks R, Harcourt‐Webster JN. Histopathology of rosacea. Arch Dermatol 1969;100:68391. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 944  Ramelet AA, Perroulaz G. [Rosacea: histopathologic study of 75 cases.] Ann Dermatol Venereol 1988;115:8016. Pubmed link
  • 945  Zhao YE, Wu LP, Peng Y, et al. Retrospective analysis of the association between Demodex infestation and rosacea. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:896902. Pubmed link
  • 946  Rufli T, Büchner SA. T‐cell subsets in acne rosacea lesions and the possible role of Demodex folliculorum. Dermatologica 1984;169:15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 947  Lacey N, Delaney S, Kavanagh K, et al. Mite‐related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:47481. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 948  Grosshans EM, Kremer M, Maleville J. [Demodex folliculorum and the histogenesis of granulomatous rosacea.] Hautarzt 1974;25:16677. Pubmed link
  • 949  Kürkçüoğlu N, Atakan N. Metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:837. Cross Ref link
  • 950  Persi A, Rebora A. Metronidazole and Demodex folliculorum. Acta Derm Venereol 1981;61:1823. Pubmed link
  • 951  Ayres S Jr, Ayres S 3rd. Demodectic eruptions (demodicidosis) in the human. 30 years' experience with 2 commonly unrecognized entities: pityriasis folliculorum (Demodex) and acne rosacea (Demodex type). Arch Dermatol 1961;83:81627. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 952  Lindmaier A, Jurecka W, Lindemayr H. Demodicidosis mimicking granulomatous rosacea and transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover's disease). Dermatologica 1987;175:2004. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 953  Shelley WB, Shelley ED, Burmeister V. Unilateral demodectic rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:91517. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 954  Forstinger C, Kittler H, Binder M. Treatment of rosacea‐like demodicidosis with oral ivermectin and topical permethrin cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:7757. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 955  Hoekzema R, Hulsebosch HJ, Bos JD. Demodicidosis or rosacea: what did we treat? Br J Dermatol 1995;133:2949. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 956  Forton F, Seys B, Marchal JL, et al. Demodex folliculorum and topical treatment: acaricidal action evaluated by standardized skin surface biopsy. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:4616. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 957  Sahn EE, Sheridan DM. Demodicidosis in a child with leukemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:799801. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 958  Ivy SP, Mackall CL, Gore L, et al. Demodicidosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia;an opportunistic infection occurring with immunosuppression. J Pediatr 1995;127:7514. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 959  Castanet J, Monpoux F, Mariani R, et al. Demodicidosis in an immunodeficient child. Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:21920. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 960  Damian D, Rogers M. Demodex infestation in a child with leukaemia: treatment with ivermectin and permethrin. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:7246. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 961  Nakagawa T, Sasaki M, Fujita K, et al. Demodex folliculitis on the trunk of a patient with mycosis fungoides. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21:14850. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 962  Ashack RJ, Frost ML, Norins AL. Papular pruritic eruption of Demodex folliculitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:3067. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 963  Dominey A, Rosen T, Tschen J. Papulonodular demodicidosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:197201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 964  Sanchez‐Viera M, Hernanz JM, Sampelayo T, et al. Granulomatous rosacea in a child infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:101011. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 965  Jansen T, Kastner U, Kreuter A, et al. Rosacea‐like demodicidosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:13942. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 966  Won JH, Ahn SK, Lee SH. Unusual manifestation of demodicidosis in a child. Int J Dermatol 1993;32:822. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 967  Patrizi A, Neri I, Chieregato C, et al. Demodicidosis in immunocompetent young children: report of eight cases. Dermatology (Basel) 1997;195:23942. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 968  García‐Vargas A, Mayorga‐Rodríguez JA, Sandoval‐Tress C. Scalp demodicidosis mimicking favus in a 6‐year‐old boy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:S1921. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 969  Dolenc‐Voljc M, Pohar M, Lunder T. Density of Demodex folliculorum in perioral dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;85:21115. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 970  Norn MS. Demodex folliculorum. Incidence and possible pathogenic role in the human eyelid. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1970;108:785. Pubmed link
  • 971  Holzchuh FG, Hida RY, Moscovici BK, et al. Clinical treatment of ocular Demodex folliculorum by systemic ivermectin. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;151:10304.e1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 972  Filho PAN, Hazarbassanov RM, Grisolia ABD, et al. The efficacy of oral ivermectin for the treatment of chronic blepharitis in patients tested positive for Demodex spp. Br J Ophthalmol 2011;95:8935. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Centipedes and millipedes

  • 973  Alexander JO'D. Centipede bites and millipede burns. In: Arthropods and Human Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1984:3839. Cross Ref link
  • 974  Burnett JW, Calton GJ, Morgan RJ. Centipedes. Cutis 1986;37:241.
  • 975  Lin TJ, Yang CC, Yang GY, et al. Features of centipede bites in Taiwan. Trop Geogr Med 1995;47:3002. Pubmed link
  • 976  Elston DM. What's eating you? Centipedes (Chilopoda). Cutis 1999;64:83. Pubmed link
  • 977  Bush SP, King BO, Norris RL, et al. Centipede envenomation. Wilderness Environ Med 2001;12:939. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 978  Fung HT, Lam SK, Wong OF. Centipede bite victims: a review of patients presenting to two emergency departments in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2011;17:3815. Pubmed link
  • 979  Senthilkumaran S, Meenakshisundaram R, Michaels AD, et al. Acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction from a centipede bite. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011;2:2446. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 980  Yildiz A, Biçeroglu S, Yakut N, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in a young man caused by centipede sting. Emerg Med J 2006;23:e30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 981  Undheim EAB, King GF. On the venom system of centipedes (Chilopoda), a neglected group of venomous animals. Toxicon 2011;57:51224. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 982  Malta MB, Lira MS, Soares SL, et al. Toxic activities of Brazilian centipede venoms. Toxicon 2008;52:25563. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 983  Chaou C‐H, Chen C‐K, Chen J‐C, et al. Comparisons of ice packs, hot water immersion, and analgesia injection for the treatment of centipede envenomations in Taiwan. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47:65962. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 984  Radford AJ. Millipede burns in man. Trop Geogr Med 1975;27:27987. Pubmed link
  • 985  Shpall S, Frieden I. Mahogany discoloration of the skin due to the defensive secretion of a millipede. Pediatr Dermatol 1991;8:257. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 986  Mason GH, Thomson HD, Fergin P, et al. Spot diagnosis. The burning millipede. Med J Aust 1994;160:718;726. Pubmed link
  • 987  Elston DM. What's eating you? Millipedes (Diplopoda). Cutis 2001;67:452. Pubmed link
  • 988  De Capitani EM, Vieira RJ, Bucaretchi F, et al. Human accidents involving Rhinocricus spp., a common millipede genus observed in urban areas of Brazil. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011;49:18790. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 989  Lima CAJ, Cardoso JLC, Magela A, et al. Exogenous pigmentation in toes feigning ischemia of the extremities: a diagnostic challenge brought by arthropods of the Diplopoda Class (“millipedes”). An Bras Dermatol 2010;85:3912. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 990  Hudson BJ, Parsons GA. Giant millipede “burns” and the eye. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997;91:1835. Cross Ref link Pubmed link