Reference for Chapter 42: Urticaria - Rooks Textbook of Dermatology

1 Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, et al. The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and anagement of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update. Allergy 2014;69:868–87. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
2 Grattan CE, Humphreys F. British Association of Dermatologists Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee. Guidelines for evaluation and management of urticaria in adults and children. Br J Dermatol 2007 Dec;157(6):1116–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
3 Powell RJ, Du Toit GL, Siddique N, et al. British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). BSACI guidelines for the management of chronic urticaria and angio‐oedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2007 May;37(5):631–50. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
4 Humphreys F. Major landmarks in the history of urticarial disorders. Int J Dermatol 1997 Oct;36(10):793–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
5 Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev‐Jensen C, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA²LEN task force report. Allergy Mar;66(3):317–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
6 Hellgren L. The prevalence of urticaria in the total population. Acta Allergol 1972;27:236–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
7 Gaig P, Olona M, Muñoz Lejarazu D, et al. Epidemiology of urticaria in Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2004;14(3):214–20. Pubmed link
8 Zuberbier T, Balke M, Worm M, Edenharter G, Maurer M. Epidemiology of urticaria: a representative cross‐sectional population survey. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010 Dec;35(8):869–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
9 Leznoff A, Sussman GL. Syndrome of idiopathic chronic urticaria and angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity: a study of 90 patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:66–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
10 Iqbal K, Bhargava K, Skov PS, Falkencrone S, Grattan CE. A positive serum basophil histamine release assay is a marker for ciclosporin‐responsiveness in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Transl Allergy 2012 Oct 1;2(1):19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
11 Confino‐Cohen R, Chodick G, Shalev V, Leshno M, Kimhi O, Goldberg A. Chronic urticaria and autoimmunity: associations found in a large population study. Allergy Clin Immunol 2012 May;129(5):1307–13. Cross Ref link
12 Caminiti L, Passalacqua G, Magazzù G, et al. Chronic urticaria and associated coeliac disease in children: a case–control study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005 Aug;16(5):428–32. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
13 Federman DG, Kirsner RS, Moriarty JP, Concato J. The effect of antibiotic therapy for patients infected with Helicobacter pylori who have chronic urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:861–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
14 Wedi B, Raap U, Kapp A. Chronic urticaria and infections. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;4:387–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
15 Lindelöf B, Sigurgeirsson B, Wahlgren CF, Eklund G. Chronic urticaria and cancer: an epidemiological study of 1155 patients. Br J Dermatol 1990;123:453–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
16 Chen YJ, Wu CY, Shen JL, Chen TT, Chang YT. Cancer risk in patients with chronic urticaria: a population‐based cohort study. Arch Dermatol 2012 Jan;148(1):103–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
17 Grattan CE, Francis DM, Hide M, Greaves MW. Detection of circulating histamine releasing autoantibodies with functional properties of anti‐IgE in chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21:695–704. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
18 Hide M, Francis DM, Grattan CE, Hakimi J, Kochan JP, Greaves MW. Autoantibodies against the high‐affinity IgE receptor as a cause of histamine release in chronic urticaria. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1599–604. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
19 Fiebiger E, Hammerschmid F, Stingl G, Maurer D. Anti‐Fcepsilon RI alpha autoantibodies in autoimmune‐mediated disorders. Identification of a structure–function relationship. J Clin Invest 1998 Jan 1;101(1):243–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
20 Niimi N, Francis DM, Kermani F, et al. Dermal mast cell activation by autoantibodies against the high affinity IgE receptor in chronic urticaria. J Invest Dermatol 1996 May;106(5):1001–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
21 Ferrer M, Nakazawa K, Kaplan AP. Complement dependence of histamine release in chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 Jul;104(1):169–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
22 Soundararajan S, Kikuchi Y, Joseph K, Kaplan AP. Functional assessment of pathogenic IgG subclasses in chronic autoimmune urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 Apr;115(4):815–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
23 Konstantinou GN, Asero R, Ferrer M, et al. EAACI taskforce position paper: evidence for autoimmune urticaria and proposal for defining diagnostic criteria. Allergy 2013 Jan;68(1):27–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
24 Vasagar K, Vonakis BM, Gober LM, Viksman A, Gibbons SP Jr, Saini SS. Evidence of in vivo basophil activation in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 2006 Jun;36(6):770–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
25 Eckman JA, Hamilton RG, Gober LM, Sterba PM, Saini SS. Basophil phenotypes in chronic idiopathic urticaria in relation to disease activity and autoantibodies. J Invest Dermatol 2008 Aug;128(8):1956–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
26 Altrichter S, Peter HJ, Pisarevskaja D, Metz M, Martus P, Maurer M. IgE mediated autoallergy against thyroid peroxidase – a novel pathomechanism of chronic spontaneous urticaria? PLOS One 2011 Apr 12;6(4):e14794. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
27 Papadopoulos J, Karpouzis A, Tentes J, Kouskoukis C. Assessment of interleukins IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 in acute urticaria. J Clin Med Res 2014 Apr;6(2):133–7. Pubmed link
28 Krause K, Spohr A, Zuberbier T, Church MK, Maurer M. Up‐dosing with bilastine results in improved effectiveness in cold contact urticaria. Allergy 2013 Jul;68(7):921–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
29 Ying S, Kikuchi Y, Meng Q, Kay AB, Kaplan AP. TH1/TH2 cytokines and inflammatory cells in skin biopsy specimens from patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: comparison with the allergen‐induced late‐phase cutaneous reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 Apr;109(4):694–700. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
30 Kay AB, Ying S, Ardelean E, et al. Elevations in vascular markers and eosinophils in chronic spontaneous urticarial weals with low‐level persistence in uninvolved skin. Br J Dermatol 2014 Sep;171(3):505–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
31 Dunford PJ, Williams KN, Desai PJ, et al. Histamine H4 receptor antagonists are superior to traditional antihistamines in the attenuation of experimental pruritus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:176–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
32 Cohen RW, Rosentreich DL. Discrimination between urticaria‐prone and other allergic patients by intradermal testing with codeine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;77:802–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
33 Lessof MH, Gant V, Hinuma K, Murphy GM, Dowling RH. Recurrent urticaria and reduced diamine oxidase activity. Clin Exp Allergy 1990 Jul;20(4):373–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
34 Zuberbier T, Iffländer J, Semmler C, Henz BM. Acute urticaria: clinical aspects and therapeutic responsiveness. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1996;76:295–7.
35 Sabroe RA, Grattan CEH, Francis DM, et al. The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:446–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
36 Grattan CE. Autoimmune urticaria. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004 May;24(2):163–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
37 Bunselmeyer B, Laubach HJ, Schiller M, Stanke M, Luger TA, Brehler R. Incremental build‐up food challenge – a new diagnostic approach to evaluate pseudoallergic reactions in chronic urticaria: a pilot study: stepwise food challenge in chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 2009 Jan;39(1):116–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
38 Aoki T, Kojima M, Horiko T. Acute urticaria: history and natural course of 50 cases. J Dermatol 1994;21:73–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
39 Kidd JM, Cohen SH, Sosman AJ, et al. Food‐dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;71:407–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
40 Grattan C. Aspirin‐sensitive urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:123–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
41 Sticherling M, Brasch J, Bruning H, Christophers E. Urticarial and anaphylactoid reactions following alcohol intake. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:464–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
42 Clayton DE, Busse W. Anaphylaxis to wine. Clin Allergy 1980;10:341–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
43 Twarog FJ, Leung DYM. Anaphylaxis to a component of isoetharine (sodium bisulphite). JAMA 1982;248:2030–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
44 Kanny G, Gerbaux V, Olszewski A, et al. No correlation between wine intolerance and histamine content of wine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:375–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
45 Gilbert RJ, Hobbs G, Murray CK, et al. Scrombotic fish poisoning: features of the first 50 incidents to be reported in Britain (1976–9). BMJ 1980;281:71–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
46 Cowdrey SC, Reynolds JS. Acute urticaria in infectious mononucleosis. Ann Allergy 1969;27:182–7. Pubmed link
47 Daschner A, Alonso‐Gómez A, Caballero T, et al. Gastric anisakiasis: an underestimated cause of acute urticaria and angio‐oedema? Br J Dermatol 1998;139:822–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
48 Bretag AH, Archer RS, Atkinson HM, Woods WH. Circadian urticaria: another Campylobacter association. Lancet 1984;i:954. Cross Ref link
49 Magerl M, Pisarevskaja D, Scheufele R, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Effects of a pseudoallergen‐free diet on chronic spontaneous urticaria: a prospective trial. Allergy 2010 Jan;65(1):78–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
50 Wolfrom E, Chene G, Boisseau H, et al. Chronic urticaria and Toxocara canis. Lancet 1995;345:196. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
51 Natbony SF, Phillips ME, Elias JM, et al. Histologic studies of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;71:177–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
52 Smith CH, Kepley C, Schwartz LB, Lee TH. Mast cell number and phenotype in chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:360–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
53 Mekori YA, Giorno RC, Anderson P, Kohler PF. Lymphocyte subpopulations in the skin of patients with chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;72:681–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
54 Rosentreich DL. Chronic urticaria, activated T‐cells and mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:1099–102. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
55 Winkelmann RK, Reizner GT. Diffuse dermal neutrophilia in urticaria. Hum Pathol 1988;19:389–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
56 Peters MS, Schroeter AL, Kephart GM, Gleich GJ. Localization of eosinophil major basic protein in chronic urticaria. J Invest Dermatol 1983;81:39–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
57 Sabroe RA, Poon E, Orchard GE, et al. Cutaneous inflammatory cell infiltrate in chronic idiopathic urticaria: comparison of patients with and without anti‐FcϵRI or anti‐IgE autoantibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:484–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
58 Barlow RJ, Ross EL, MacDonald D, et al. Adhesion molecule expression and the inflammatory cell infiltrate in delayed pressure urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:341–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
59 O'Donnell BF, Neill CM, Francis DM, et al. Human leucocyte antigen class II associations in chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:853–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
60 Bae J‐S,Kim S‐H, Ye Y‐M, et al. Significant association of FcϵRIα promoter polymorphisms with aspirin‐intolerant chronic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:449–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
61 Mastalerz L, Setkowicz M, Sanak M, et al. Familial aggregation of aspirin‐induced urticaria and leukotriene C₄ synthetase allelic variant. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:256–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
62 Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) – a simple practical measure for routine clinical use. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994 May;19(3):210–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
63 Baiardini I, Pasquali M, Braido F, et al. A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: chronic urticaria quality of lifequestionnaire (CU‐QoL). Allergy 2005;60:1073–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
64 Ameisen JC, Capron A. Aspirin‐sensitive asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1990;20:127–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
65 Stevenson DD. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of adverse reactions to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:617–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
66 Juhlin L. Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:369–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
67 Pollock I, Young E, Stoneham M, et al. Survey of colourings and preservatives in drugs. BMJ 1989;299:649–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
68 Zuberbier T, Chantraine‐Hess S, Hartmann K, Czarnetzki BM. Pseudoallergen‐free diet in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a prospective study. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1995;75:484–7.
69 Stephens CJM, Black MM. Premenstrual eruptions: autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. Semin Dermatol 1989;8:26–9. Pubmed link
70 Shelley WB, Shelley ED, Talanin NY, Santoso‐Pham J. Estrogen dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:25–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
71 Herzberg AJ, Strohmeyer CR, Cirillo‐Hyland VA. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Feb;32(2 Pt 2):333–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
72 Wilkinson SM, Beck MH, Kingston TP. Progesterone‐induced urticaria: need it be autoimmune? Br J Dermatol 1995;133:792–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
73 Guerra L, Rogkakou A, Massacane P, et al. Role of contact sensitization in chronic urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:88. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
74 Koblenzer C. Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology: a dermatologist–psychoanalyst's viewpoint. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:501–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
75 Hashiro M, Okumura M. Anxiety, depression, psychomotor symptoms and autonomic nervous function in patients with chronic urticaria. J Dermatol Sci 1990;123:129–35.
76 Sheehan‐Dare RA, Henderson MJ, Cotterill JA. Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic urticaria and generalized pruritus. Br J Dermatol 1990;123:769–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
77 Gupta MA, Gupta AK, Schork NJ, Ellis CN. Depression modulates pruritus perception: a study of pruritus in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Psychosom Med 1994;56:36–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
78 O'Donnell BF, Lawlor F, Simpson J, et al. The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:197–201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
79 Champion RH. Urticaria then and now. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:588–97. Cross Ref link
80 Lewis T. Vascular reactions of the skin to injury, 1: reaction to stroking – urticaria factitia. Heart 1924;2:119–29.
81 Newcomb RW, Nelson H. Dermographia mediated by immunoglobulin E. Am J Med 1973;54:174–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
82 Horiko T, Aoki T. Dermographism (mechanical urticaria) mediated by IgM. Br J Dermatol 1984;114:545–50. Cross Ref link
83 Breathnach SM, Allen R, Milford Ward A, Greaves MW. Symptomatic dermographism: natural history, clinical features, laboratory investigations and response to therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:463–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
84 Smith JA, Mansfield LE, Fokakis A, et al. Dermographia caused by IgE mediated penicillin allergy. Ann Allergy 1983;51:30–3. Pubmed link
85 Warin RP. Factitious urticaria: red dermographism. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:285–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
86 Mayou SC, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. Cholinergic dermographism. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:371–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
87 Baughman RD, Jillson OF. Seven specific types of urticaria, with a special reference to delayed persistent dermographism. Ann Allergy 1963;21:248–55. Pubmed link
88 Warin RP. Clinical observations on delayed pressure urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:225–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
89 Barlow RJ, Warburton F, Watson K, et al. Diagnosis and incidence of delayed pressure urticaria in patients with chronic urticaria. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:954–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
90 Dover JS, Kobza Black A, Milford Ward A, Greaves MW. Delayed pressure urticaria: clinical features, laboratory investigations and response to therapy of 44 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:1289–98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
91 Patterson R, Mellies CJ, Blakenship ML, Pruzansky JJ. Vibratory angioedema: a hereditary type of physical hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1972;50:175–82.
92 Ting S, Reimann BEF, Nat R, et al. Nonfamilial, vibration‐induced angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;71:546–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
93 Lawlor F, Kobza Black A, Breathnach AS, Greaves MW. Vibratory angioedema: lesion induction, clinical features, laboratory and ultrastructural findings, and response to therapy. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:93–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
94 Delorme P. Localized heat urticaria. J Allergy 1969;43:284–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
95 Greaves MW, Sneddon IB, Smith AK, Stanworth DR. Heat urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1974;90:289–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
96 Leigh IM, Ramsay CA. Localized heat urticaria treated by inducing tolerance to heat. Br J Dermatol 1975;92:191–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
97 Black AK. Cold urticaria. Semin Dermatol 1987;6:292–301.
98 Wanderer AA. Cold urticaria syndromes: historical background, diagnostic classification, clinical and laboratory characteristics, pathogenesis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;85:965–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
99 Neittaanmaki H. Cold urticaria: clinical findings in 220 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:636–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
100 Wanderer AA, Maselli R, Ellis EF, et al. Immunological characterization of serum factors responsible for cold urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1971;48:13–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
101 Bentley‐Phillips CB, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. Induced tolerance in cold urticaria caused by cold‐evoked histamine release. Lancet 1976;ii:63–6. Cross Ref link
102 Młynek A, Magerl M, Siebenhaar F, et al. Results and relevance of critical temperature threshold testing in patients with acquired cold urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2010 Jan;162(1):198–200. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
103 Sarkany I, Turk JL. Delayed hypersensitivity to cold. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:622–3. Pubmed link
104 Soter NA, Joshi NP, Twarog FJ, et al. Delayed cold induced urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1977;59:294–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
105 Constanzi JJ, Coltman CA. Kappa chain cold precipitable immunoglobulin G (IgG) associated with cold urticaria, 1: clinical observations. Clin Exp Immunol 1967;2:167–78. Pubmed link
106 Smith SB, Arkin C. Cryofibrinogenemia: incidence, clinical correlations and a review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 1972;58:524–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
107 Houser DD, Arbesman CE, Ito K, et al. Cold urticaria: immunologic studies. Am J Med 1970;49:23–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
108 Pruzanski W, Shumak KH. Biological activity of cold‐reacting autoantibodies, 2. N Engl J Med 1977;297:583–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
109 Kivity S, Schwartz Y, Wolf R, Topilsky M. Systemic cold‐induced urticaria: clinical and laboratory classification. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;85:52–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
110 Illig L, Heinicke A. Zur Pathogenese der cholinergischen Urticaria, 4: Zur Frage einer echten Antigen‐Antikorper‐Reaktion. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 1967;229:360–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
111 Adachi J, Aoki T, Yamatodani A. Demonstration of sweat allergy in cholinergic urticaria. J Dermatol Sci 1994;142:142–9. Cross Ref link
112 Fukunaga A, Bito T, Tsuru K, et al. Responsiveness to autologous sweat and serum in cholinergic urticaria classifies its clinical subtype. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:397–402. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
113 Wong E, Eftekhari N, Greaves MW, Milford Ward A. Beneficial aspects of danazol on symptoms and laboratory changes in cholinergic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:553–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
114 Udassin R, Harari Z, Shoenfeld Y, Keren G. Cholinergic urticaria: a seasonal disease. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1029–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
115 Onn A, Levo Y, Kivity S. Familial cholinergic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:847–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
116 Berth‐Jones J, Graham Brown AC. Cholinergic pruritus, erythema and urticaria: a disease spectrum responding to danazol. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:235–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
117 Murphy GM, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. Persistent cholinergic erythema: a variant of cholinergic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1983;109:343–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
118 Czarnetzki BM, Galinski C, Meister R. Cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in cholinergic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1984;110:587–91. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
119 Soter NA, Wasserman SI, Austen KF, McFadden ER. Release of mast cell mediators and alterations in lung function in patients with cholinergic urticaria. N Engl J Med 1980;302:604–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
120 Kaplan AP, Natbony SF, Taiwil AP, et al. Exercise‐induced anaphylaxis as a manifestation of cholinergic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1981;88:319–24. Cross Ref link
121 Sheffer AL, Soter NA, McFadden ER, Austen KF. Exercise‐induced anaphylaxis: a distinct form of physical allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;73:311–16. Cross Ref link
122 Kaplan AP, Garofalo J. Identification of a new physically induced urticaria: cold induced cholinergic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1981;68:438–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
123 Commens CA, Greaves MW. Tests to establish the diagnosis in cholinergic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1978;98:47–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
124 Leenutaphong V, Holzle E, Plewig G. Pathogenesis and classification of solar urticaria: a new concept. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;210:237–40. Cross Ref link
125 Beattie PE, Dawe RS, Ibbetson SH, Ferguson J. Characteristics and prognosis of idiopathic solar urticaria. A cohort of 87 cases. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:1149–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
126 Uetso N, Miyauchi‐Hashimoto H, Okamoto H, Horio T. The clinical and photobiological characteristics of solar urticaria in 40 patients. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:32–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
127 Monfrecola G, Nappa P, Pini D. Solar urticaria with delayed onset. A case report. Photodermatology 1988;5:103–4. Pubmed link
128 Magnus IA, Jarrett A, Prankerd TAJ, Rimington C. Erythropoietic protoporphyic syndrome with solar urticaria due to protophyrinaemia. Lancet 1961;ii:448–51. Cross Ref link
129 Shelley WB, Rawnsley HM. Aquagenic urticaria. JAMA 1964;189:895–8. Pubmed link
130 Steinman H, Greaves MW. Aquagenic pruritus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:91–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
131 Champion RH, Muhlemann MF. A list of the potential causes of urticaria. In: Champion RH, Greaves MW, Kobza Black A, Pye RJ, eds. The Urticarias. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1985:123–9.
132 Konstantinou GN, Grattan CE. Food contact hypersensitivity syndrome: the mucosal contact urticaria paradigm. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008 Jul;33(4):383–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
133 Kozel MMA, Mekkes JR, Bossuyt PMM, Bos JD. The effectiveness of a history‐based diagnostic approach in chronic urticaria and angioedema. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1575–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
134 Vázquez‐López F, Fueyo A, Sánchez‐Martín J, Pérez‐Oliva N. Dermoscopy for the screening of common urticaria and urticaria vasculitis. Arch Dermatol 2008 Apr;144(4):568. Pubmed link
135 Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev‐Jensen C, et al. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy 2009 Oct;64(10):1417–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
136 Champion RH, Roberts SOB, Carpenter RG, Roger JH. Urticaria and angio‐oedema: a review of 554 cases. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:588–97. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
137 van der Valk PGM, Moret G, Kiemeney LALM. The natural history of chronic urticaria and angioedema in patients visiting a tertiary referral centre. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:110–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
138 Chansakulporn S, Pongpreuksa S, Sangacharoenkit P, et al. The natural history of chronic urticaria in childhood: a prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014 Oct;71(4):663–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
139 James J, Warin RP. An assessment of the role of Candida albicans and food yeasts in chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1971;84:227–37. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
140 O'Donnell BF, Francis DM, Swana GT, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2005;153:331–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
141 Sibbald RG, Cheema AS, Lozinski A, Taro S. Chronic urticaria: evaluation of the role of physical, immunologic, and other contributory factors. Int J Dermatol 1991;30:381–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
142 Sabroe RA, Grattan CEH, Francis DM, et al. The autologous serum skin test: a screening test for autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:446–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
143 Staevska M, Gugutkova M, Lazarova C, et al. Night‐time sedating H1 ‐antihistamine increases daytime somnolence but not treatment efficacy in chronic spontaneous urticaria: arandomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2014 Jul;171(1):148–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
144 Leurs R, Church MK, Taglialatela M. H₁‐antihistamines: inverse agonism, anti‐inflammatory actions and cardiac effects. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:489–98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
145 Di Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Mansueto M, et al. Is there a role for antileukotrienes in urticaria? Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:327–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
146 Wong E, Eftekhari N, Greaves MW, Milford Ward A. Beneficial effects of Danazol on symptoms and laboratory changes in cholinergic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:553–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
147 Rumbyrt JS, Katz JL, Schoket AL. Resolution of chronic urticaria in patients with thyroid autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:901–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
148 Engler RJM, Squire E, Benson P. Chronic sulphasalazine therapy in the treatment of delayed pressure urticaria and angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995;74:155–9. Pubmed link
149 Grundmann SA, Kiefer S, Luger TA, Brehler R. Delayed pressure urticaria – dapsone heading for first‐line therapy? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011 Nov;9(11):908–12. Pubmed link
150 Munch EP, Weeks B. Non‐hereditary angioedema treated with tranexamic acid. Allergy 1985;40:92–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
151 Berroeta L, Clark C, Ibbetson SH, et al. Narrow‐band (TL01) ultraviolet B phototherapy for chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004;29:91–9. Cross Ref link
152 Borzova E, Rutherford A, Konstantinou GN, Leslie KS, Grattan CE. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy is beneficial in antihistamine‐resistant symptomatic dermographism: a pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008 Nov;59(5):752–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
153 Henquet CJM, Martens BPM, van Vloten WA. Cold urticaria: a clinico‐therapeutic study in 30 patients; with special emphasis on cold desensitisation. Eur J Dermatol 1992;2:75–7.
154 Siebenhaar F, Weller K, Mlynek A, et al. Acquired cold urticaria: clinical picture and update on diagnosis and treatment. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32:241–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
155 Grattan CEH, Francis DM, Slater NGP, et al. Plasmapheresis for severe, unremitting, chronic urticaria. Lancet 1992;339:1078–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
156 O'Donnell BF, Barr RM, Kobza Black A, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:101–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
157 Barlow RJ, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. Treatment of severe chronic urticaria with cyclosporin. Eur J Dermatol 1993;3:273–5.
158 Toubi E, Blant A, Kessel A, et al. Low‐dose cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria. Allergy 1997;52:312–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
159 Grattan CEH, O'Donnell BF, Francis DM, et al. Randomised double‐blind study of cyclosporin in chronic ‘idiopathic’ urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:365–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
160 Vena GA, Cassano N, Colombo D, et al. Cyclosporine in chronic idiopathic urticaria: a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:705–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
161 Kessel A, Bamberger E, Toubi E. Tacrolimus in the treatment of severe chonic idiopathic urticaria: an open‐label prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:145–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
162 Shahar E, Bergman R, Gutman‐Yassky E, Pollack S. Treatment of severe chonic idiopathic urticaria with oral mycophenolate mofetil in patients not responding to antihistamines and/or corticosteroids. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:1224–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
163 Perez A, Woods A, Grattan CE. Methotrexate: a useful steroid‐sparing agent in recalcitrant chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2010 Jan;162(1):191–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
164 Bernstein JA, Garramone SM, Lower EG. Successful treatment of autoimmune chronic idiopathic urticaria with intravenous cyclophosphamide. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:212–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
165 Maurer M, Rosén K, Hsieh HJ, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med 2013;368:924–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
166 Kaplan A, Ledford D, Ashby M, et al. Omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria despite standard combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013 Jul;132(1):101–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
167 Metz M, Altrichter S, Ardelean E, et al. Anti‐immunoglobulin E treatment of patients with recalcitrant physical urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011;154:177–80. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Log in to Rooks online