Rheumatoid arthritis

  • 1  Yamamoto T. Cutaneous manifestations associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009;29(9):979–88. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 2  Muijs van de Moer WW, Cats A. Immunofluorescence of the skin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Dermatologica 1967;134:351–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 3  Musculoskeletal involvement in scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003;29:391–408. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 4  Widdifield J, Paterson JM, Bernatsky S, et al. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Ontario, Canada. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014;66:786–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Dermatological manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

    Rheumatoid nodules

    • 5  Highton J, Hessian PA, Stamp L. The rheumatoid nodule: peripheral or central to rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatology 2007;46:1385–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 6  Dorfman HD, Norman A, Smith RJ. Bone erosion in relation to subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. Arthritis Rheum 1970;13:69–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 7  Ginsberg MH, Genant HK, Yu TF, et al. Rheumatoid nodulosis: an unusual variant of rheumatoid disease. Arthritis Rheum 1963;18:49–58. Cross Ref link
    • 8  Linksvan Ede A, den Broeder A, Wagenaar M, et al. Etanercept‐related extensive pulmonary nodulosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2007;34:1590–2. Pubmed link
    • 9  Bywaters EGL, Glynn LE, Zeldis A. Subcutaneous nodules of Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1958;17:278–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 10  Balbir‐Gurman A, Schapira D, Bergamn R, Nahir AM. Erythema elevatum diutinum: a rare cause of nodulosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:2291–3. Pubmed link

    Linear subcutaneous bands and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis

    • 11  Dykman CJ, Galens GJ, Good AE. Linear subcutaneous bands in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 1965;63:134–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 12  Al‐Daraji WI, Coulson IH, Howat AJ. Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:578–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis

    • 13  Mashek HA, Pham CT, Helm TN, Klaus M. Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:757–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 14  MacAya A, Servitje O, Jucqla A, Peyri J. Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:1246–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 15  Yamauchi PS, Turner L, Lowe NJ, et al. Treatment of recurrent Sweet's syndrome with coexisting rheumatoid arthritis with the tumor necrosis factor antagonist etanercept. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:S122–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 16  Jorizzo JL, Gonsalez EB, Daniels JC. Red lunulae in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:711–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 17  Bernard P, Arnaud M, Treves R, et al. Dapsone and rheumatoid vasculitis leg ulcerations. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:140–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Vascular lesions

    • 18  Szekanecz Z, Kerekes G, Dér H, et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2007;1108:349–58. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 19  Genta MS, Genta RM, Gabay C. Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2006;36(2):88–98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 20  Carroll GJ, Withers K, Bayliss CE. The prevalence of Raynaud's syndrome in rheumatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:567–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 21  Choy E, Ganeshalingam K, Semb AG, et al. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: recent advances in the understanding of the pivotal role of inflammation, risk predictors and the impact of treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014;53:2143–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 22  Wolf P, Gretler J, Aglas F, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: their relation to rheumatoid nodules and cutaneous vascular manifestations. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:48–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 23  Craig SD, Jorizzo JL, White WL, et al. Cutaneous signs of rheumatic disease: acral purpuric papules in a patient with clinical rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:957–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 24  Wilkinson M, Kirk J. Leg ulcers complicating rheumatoid arthritis. Scott Med J 1965;10:175–82. Pubmed link
    • 25  Lindsay MK, Tavadia HB, Whyte AS, et al. Acute abdomen in rheumatic arthritis due to necrotizing arteritis. BMJ 1973;ii:592–3. Cross Ref link
    • 26  Anstey A, Wilkinson JD, Wojnarowska F, et al. Pustular panniculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. J R Soc Med 1991;84:307–8. Pubmed link

    Leg ulcers

    • 27  Pun YLW, Barraclough DRE, Muirden KD. Leg ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Aust 1990;153:585–7. Pubmed link

    Livedo reticularis

    • 28  Champion RH. Livedo reticularis. Br J Dermatol 1965;77:167–79. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 29  Said G, Lacroix C. Primary and secondary vasculitic neuropathy. J Neurol 2005;252:633–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 30  Isdale IC, Bywaters EGL. The rash of rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease. Q J Med 1956;49:377–87.

    Other dermatological associations

    • 31  Jorizzo JL, Daniels JC. Dermatologic conditions reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:439–57. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 32  Butt A, Burge SM. Sneddon–Wilkinson disease in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:313–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 33  Rongioletti F, Cutolo M, Bondavalli P, Rebora A. Acral localized acquired cutis laxa associated with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:128–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 34  Tomasini C, Soro E, Pippione M. Angioendotheliomatosis in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Dermatopathol 2000;22:334–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 35  Yamamoto T, Furuse Y. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:148. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Fibroblastic rheumatism

    • 36  Chaouat Y, Aron‐Brunetiere R, Faures B, et al. Une nouvelle entite: le rheumatisme fibroblastique: a propos d'une observation. Rev Rheum Mal Osteoartic 1980;47:345–51.
    • 37  Kanzler MH, Dhillon I, Headington JT. Fibroblastic rheumatism. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:710–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
    • 38  Lacour JP, Maquart FX, Bellow G, et al. Fibroblastic rheumatism: clinical, histological, immunohistological, ultrastructural and biochemical study of a case. Br J Dermatol 1993;128:194–202. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

    Other rheumatoid diseases

      Still disease

      • 39  Isdale IC, Bywaters EGL. The rash of rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease. Q J Med 1956;49:377–87.
      • 40  Calabro JJ, Marchesano JM. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1967;277:696–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
      • 41  Bywaters EGL, Glynn LE, Zeldis A. Subcutaneous nodules of Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1958;17:278–85. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
      • 42  Lyberatos C. Two more cases of Still and Kikuchi. J Rheumatol 1990;17:568–9. Pubmed link
      • 43  Pouchot J, Sampalis JS, Beandet F, et al. Adult Still's disease: manifestations, disease course, and outcome in 62 patients. Medicine 1991;70:118–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
      • 44  Bywaters EGL. Still's disease in the adult. Ann Rheum Dis 1971;30:121–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
      • 45  Pouchot J, Arlet JB. Biological treatment in adult‐onset Still's disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012;26:477–87. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

      Sjögren syndrome

        Definition and nomenclature, Introduction and general description, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology

        • 46  Mavragani CP, Nezos A, Moutsopoulos HM. New advances in the classification, pathogenesis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013;25:623–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 47  Sjögren H. Zur Kenntnis der Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Acta Ophthalmol 1933;10(Suppl. 2):1–151.
        • 48  Viatli C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, et al. Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American‐European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:554–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 49  Block KJ, Buchanan WW, Wohl MJ, et al. Sjögren's syndrome. Medicine 1965;44:187–231. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 50  Nishishinya MB, Pereda CA, Muñoz‐Fernández S, et al. Identification of lymphoma predictors in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis. Rheumatol Int 2015;35(1):17–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 51  Miyagawa S, Iida T, Fukumoto T, et al. Anti‐Ro/SSA‐associated annular erythema in childhood. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:779–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 52  Kramer JM. Early events in Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis: the importance of innate immunity in disease initiation. Cytokine 2014;67(2):92–101. Cross Ref link
        • 53  Nordmark G, Alm GV, Rönnblom L. Mechanisms of disease: primary Sjögren's syndrome and the type I interferon system. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006;2:262–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 54  Huang YF, Cheng Q, Jiang CM, et al. The immune factors involved in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Dev Immunol 2013;2013:160491. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 55  Voulgarelis M, Dafni UG, Isenberg DA, et al. Malignant lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, clinical study by the European Concerted Action of Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:1765–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 56  Mouichi J, Ichikawa Y, Takaya M, et al. Association of the complement allele C4 AQO with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Japanese patients. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:224–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 57  Miyagaura S, Dohi K, Shima H, Shirai T. HLA antigens in anti‐Ro (SS‐A) positive patients with recurrent annular erythema. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:185–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 58  Manthorpe R, Morling N, Platz P, et al. HLA‐D antigen frequencies in Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 1981;10:124–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 59  Burbelo PD, Ambatipudi K, Alevizos I. Genome‐wide association studies in Sjögren's syndrome: what do the genes tell us about disease pathogenesis? Autoimmun Rev 2014;13(7):756–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

        Clinical features

        • 60  Papiris SA, Tsonis IA, Moutsopoulos HM. Sjögren's syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2007;28:459–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 61  Forstot JZ, Forstot SL, Greer RO, et al. The incidence of Sjögren's sicca complex in a population of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:156–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 62  Henkin RI, Talal N, Larson AL, et al. Abnormalities of taste and smell in Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1972;76:375–83. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 63  Ruzicka T, Faes J, Bergner T, et al. Annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome: a variant of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:557–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 64  Teramoto N, Katayama I, Arai H, et al. Annular erythema: a possible association with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:596–601. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 65  Watanabe T, Tsuchida T, Ito Y, et al. Annular erythema associated with lupus erythematosus/Sjögren's syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:214–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 66  Provost TT, Talal N, Harley JB, et al. The relationship between anti‐Ro (SS‐A) antibody‐positive Sjögren's syndrome and anti‐Ro (SS‐A) antibodypositive lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:63–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 67  Tektonidou M, Kaskani E, Skopouli FN, et al. Microvascular abnormalities in Sjögren's syndrome: nailfold capillaroscopy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999;38:826–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 68  Claeys V. Wackens G. [Sjogren syndrome: a review of the literature and a case report.] Rev Belge Med Dent 2006;61(3):161–72.
        • 69  Doig JA, Whaley K, Dick WC, et al. Otolaryngological aspects of Sjögren's syndrome. BMJ 1971;iv:460–3. Cross Ref link
        • 70  Shiozawa S, Shiozawa K, Shimizu S, et al. Clinical studies of renal disease in Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1987;46:768–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 71  Soto‐Rojas AE. Kraus A. The oral side of Sjogren syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. Arch Med Res 2002;33(2):95–106. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 72  Ng WF, Bowman SJ. Primary Sjogren's syndrome: too dry and too tired. Rheumatology 2010;49(5):844–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 73  Valesini G, Priori R, Borsetti A, et al. Clinical serological correlations in the evaluation of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1989;7:197–202. Pubmed link
        • 74  Julkunen H, Kaaja R, Kurki P, et al. Fetal outcome in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome. A retrospective case‐control study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13:65–71. Pubmed link
        • 75  Seror R, Theander E, Bootsma H, et al. Outcome measures for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2014;51C:51–6. Cross Ref link
        • 76  Ioannidis JP1, Vassiliou VA, Moutsopoulos HM. Long‐term risk of mortality and lymphoproliferative disease and predictive classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:741–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 77  Fox RI. Sjogren's syndrome. Lancet 2005;366:321–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 78  Coll J, Rives A, Grino MC, et al. Prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome in autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 1987;46:286–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 79  Levanstein MM, Fisher BK, Fisher L, et al. Simultaneous occurrence of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and Sweet syndrome: a marker of Sjögren syndrome? Int J Dermatol 1991;30:640–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 80  Smedby KE, Baecklund E, Askling J. Malignant lymphomas in autoimmunity and inflammation: a review of risks, risk factors, and lymphoma characteristics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:2069–77. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 81  Golding PL, Brown R, Mason AMS, et al. ‘Sicca complex’ in liver disease. BMJ 1970;iv:340–2. Cross Ref link
        • 82  Alarcón‐Segoviá D, Ramos‐Niembro F. Association of partial lipodystrophy and Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1976;85:474–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 83  Tait CP, Yu LL, Rohr J. Sjögren's syndrome and granulomatous panniculitis. Australas J Dermatol 2000;41:187–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 84  Ramirez‐Peredo J, Cetina JA, Alarcón‐Segoviá D. Sjögren's syndrome in Bechçet's disease. Lancet 1973;ii:732. Cross Ref link
        • 85  Maclaurin BP, Matthews N, Kilpatrick JA. Coeliac disease associated with auto‐immune thyroiditis, Sjögren's syndrome and a lymphocytotoxic serum factor. Aust NZ J Med 1972;2:405–11. Cross Ref link
        • 86  Edmonds ME, Saunders A, Sturrock RD. Rheumatoid arthritis associated with hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's syndrome. J R Soc Med 1979;72:856–8. Pubmed link
        • 87  Ito Y, Kanda N, Mitsui H, et al. Cutaneous manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:362–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 88  Blandford RL, Dowdle JR, Stephens MR, et al. Sicca syndrome associated with idiopathic haemochromatosis. BMJ 1979;i:1323. Cross Ref link
        • 89  Fraser NG, Rennie AGR, Donald D. Dermatitis herpetiformis and Sjögren's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1979;100:213–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 90  Oxholm A, da Cunha Bang F, Oxholm P. Simultaneous occurrence of Darier's disease and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1052. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 91  Carey RD, Blotzer JW, Wolfe ID, et al. Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis and Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1985;12:1193–5. Pubmed link
        • 92  Cox NH, McCrea JD. A case of Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, previous ulcerative colitis and gastric autoantibodies. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:1138–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 93  Miyagaura S, Fukumoto T, Kananchi M, et al. Hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura of Waldenstrom and Ro/SSA antibodies. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:919–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

        Investigations

        • 94  Blaylock WM, Waller M, Normansell DE. Sjögren's syndrome: hyperviscosity and intermediate complexes. Ann Intern Med 1974;80:27–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 95  Pease CT, Shattles W, Charles PJ, et al. Clinical, serological, and HLA phenotype subsets in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1989;7:185–90. Pubmed link
        • 96  Alexander EL, Hirsch TJ, Arnett FC, et al. Ro (SSA) and La (SSB) antibodies in the clinical spectrum of Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1982;9:239–46. Pubmed link
        • 97  Ruzicka T, Faes J, Bergman T, et al. Annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome: a variant of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:557–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 98  Daniels TE. Labial salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome: assessment as a diagnostic criterion in 362 suspected cases. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:147–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 99  Powell RD, Larson AL, Henkin RI. Nasal mucous membrane biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1974;81:25–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 100  Valesini G, Priori R, Borsetti A, et al. Clinical and serological correlations in the evaluation of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1989;7:197–202. Pubmed link

        Treatment

        • 101  Schall GL, Anderson LG, Wolf RO, et al. Xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome. JAMA 1971;216:2109–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 102  Fox RI, Chan E, Benton L, et al. Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with hydroxychloroquine. Am J Med 1988;85:62–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 103  Bloch KJ, Buchanan WW, Wohl MJ, et al. Sjögren's syndrome. Medicine 1965;44:187–231. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 104  Drosos AA, Skopouli FN, Costopoulos JS, et al. Cyclosporin A (CyA) in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a double‐blind study. Ann Rheum Dis 1986;45:732–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 105  Cornec D, Saraux A, Devauchelle‐Pensec V, Clodic C, Pers JO. The future of B cell‐targeted therapies in Sjögren's syndrome. Immunotherapy 2013;5:639–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

        Rheumatic fever

        • 106  Hill AGS. Skin manifestations in rheumatic disorders. Trans St John's Hosp Dermatol Soc 1964;50:105–12.
        • 107  Troyer C. Erythema marginatum in rheumatic fever: early diagnosis by skin biopsy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:724–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 108  Haber H. Zur Ätiologie der Livedo racemosa. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1931;163:1–5. Cross Ref link
        • 109  Jansen TL, Janssen M, de Jong AJ, Jeurissen ME. Post‐streptococcal reactive arthritis: a clinical and serological description, revealing its distinction from acute rheumatic fever. J Intern Med 1999;245:261–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
        • 110  Bennett GA, Zeller JW, Bauer W. Subcutaneous nodules of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic fever. Arch Pathol 1940;30:70–89.
        • 111  Matsushima Y, Ohnishi K, Ishikawa O. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma of childhood associated with rheumatic fever. Eur J Dermatol 1999;9:548–50. Pubmed link
        • 112  Wahl CE, Bouldin MB, Gibson LE. Erythema elevatum diutinum: clinical, hispopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of six patients. Am J Dermatopathol 2005;27:397–400. Cross Ref link Pubmed link