Introduction

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  • 24  Vetrugno R, Liguori R, Cortelli P, Montagna P. Sympathetic skin response. Basic mechanisms and clinical applications. Clin Auton Res 2003;13:256–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 25  Sawasaki N, Iwase S, Tadaaki M. Effect of skin sympathetic response to local or systemic cold exposure on thermoregulatory functions in humans. Auton Neurosci 2001;87:274–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 26  Scott AR, MacDonald IA, Bennett T, Tattersall RB. Abnormal thermoregulation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 1988;37:961–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 28  Khan F, Spence VA, Belch JJF. Cutaneous vascular responses and thermoregulation in relation to age. Clin Sci 1992;82:521–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 29  Sendowski I, Savourey G, Launay JC, et al. Sympathetic stimulation induced by hand cooling alters cold‐induced vasodilatation in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000;81:303–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 30  Lewis T. Blood Vessels of the Human Skin and their Responses. London: Shaw & Sons, 1927.
  • 31  Baraniuk JN. Neuropeptides and the skin. In: Bos JD, ed. Skin Immune System, 2nd edn. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997:311–23.
  • 32  Greaves MW, Sabroe RA. Histamine: the quintessential mediator. J Dermatol 1996;23:735–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 33  Anand P, Bannister R, McGregor GP, et al. Marked depletion of dorsal spinal cord substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide with intact skin flare responses in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:192–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 34  Rosa AC, Fantozzi R. The role of histamine in neurogenic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2013;170(1):38–45. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Neuropathic ulcer

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  • 36  Boulton A. The pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems: an overview. Diabet Med 1996;13:S12–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 37  Sumpio BE. Foot ulcers. N Engl J Med 2000;343:787–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 38  Phillips TJ. Leg ulcers. Postgrad Med 1999;105:165–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 40  Reiber GE, Vilerkyte L, Boyko EJ. Causal pathways for incident lower extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:157–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 41  Clayton W, Elasy TA. A review of the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Clin Diabetes 2009;27(2):52–8. Cross Ref link
  • 42  Pavicic T, Korting HC. Xerosis and callus formation as a key to the diabetic foot syndrome: dermatologic view of the problem and its management. J Deutsch Dermatol Gesell 2006;4: 935–41. Cross Ref link
  • 43  Widatalla AH, Mahadi SE, Shawer MA, et al. Implementation of diabetic foot ulcer classification system for research purposes to predict lower extremity amputation. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009 Jan;29(1):1–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 44  Dang CN, Prasad YD, Boulton AJ, Jude EB. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the diabetic foot clinic: a worsening problem. Diabet Med 2003;20:159–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 45  Klenerman L, McCabe C, Cogley D, et al. Screening for patients at risk of diabetic foot ulceration in a general diabetic outpatient clinic. Diabet Med 1996;13:561–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 46  Grayson ML, Gibbons GW, Balogh K, et al. Probing to bone in infected pedal ulcers: a clinical sign of underlying osteomyelitis in diabetic patients. JAMA 1995;273:721–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 47  Malone JM, Snyder M, Anderson G, et al. Prevention of amputation by diabetic education. Am J Surg 1989;158:520–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 48  Krishnan S, Nash F, Baker N, et al. Reduction in diabetic amputations over 11 years in a defined UK population: benefits of multidisciplinary team work and continuous prospective audit. Diabetes Care 2008;31(1):99–101. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 49  Catanzariti AR, Haverstock BD, Grossman JP, Mendicino RW. Off‐loading techniques in the treatment of diabetic plantar neuropathic foot ulceration. Adv Wound Care 1999;12:452–8. Pubmed link
  • 50  Armstrong DG, Nguyen HC, Lavery LA, et al. Off‐loading the diabetic foot wound: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1019–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 51  Rizzo L, Tedeschi A, Fallani E, et al. Custom‐made orthesis and shoes in a structured follow‐up program reduces the incidence of neuropathic ulcers in high‐risk diabetic foot patients. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2012 Mar;11(1):59–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 52  Boulton AJM. What you can't feel can hurt you. J Am Pod Med Assoc 2010;100(5): 349–52. Cross Ref link
  • 53  Tsourdi E, Barthel A, Rietzsch H, et al. Current aspects in the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus. Biomed Res Int 2013 Mar:1–6. Cross Ref link
  • 54  International Best Practice Guidelines: Wound management in diabetic foot ulcers. Wounds International, 2013 www.woundsinternational.com (last accessed June 2015).
  • 55  Bennett SP, Griffiths GD, Schor AM, et al. Growth factors in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Br J Surg 2003;90:133–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 56  Papanas N, Maltezos E. Benefit‐risk assessment of becaplermin in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Drug Safety 2010;33(6):455–61. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 57  Badiavas EV, Falanga V. Treatment of chronic wounds with bone marrow‐derived cells. Arch Dermatol 2003;139(4):510–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 58  Edmonds M, Bates M, Doxford M, et al. New treatments in ulcer healing and wound infection. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16 (Suppl. 1):S51–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 59  Vazquez JR, Short B, Findlow AH, et al. Outcomes of hyaluronan therapy in diabetic foot wounds. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003;59:123–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 60  Humbert P, Mikosinki J, Benchikhi H, et al. Efficacy and safety of a gauze pad containing hyaluronic acid in treatment of leg ulcers of venous or mixed origin: a double‐blind, randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J 2013 Apr;10(2):159–66. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 61  Ndip A, Ebah L, Mbako A. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers – evidence‐to‐practice. Int J Gen Med 2012;5:129–34. Pubmed link
  • 62  Larsson J, Apelqvist J, Agardh CD, Stenstrom A. Decreasing incidence of major amputation in diabetic patients: a consequence of a multidisciplinary foot care team approach? Diabet Med 1995;12:770–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 63  Myerly SM, Stavosky JW. An alternative method for reducing plantar pressures in neuropathic ulcers. Adv Wound Care 1997;10:26–9. Pubmed link
  • 64  Laing P. Diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Surg 1994;167 (Suppl. 1A):S31–6. Cross Ref link
  • 65  Morona JK, Buckley ES, Jones S, et al. Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of different off‐loading devices for the treatment of neuropathic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013;29(3):183–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Syringomyelia

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  • 67  Kastrup A, Nägele T, Topka H. Spontaneous resolution of idiopathic syringomyelia. Neurology 2001;57:1519–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 68  Jack CRJ, Kokmen E, Onofrio BM. Spontaneous decompression of syringomyelia: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Case report. J Neurosurg 1991;74:283–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 69  Yeager BA, Lusser MA. Spontaneous resolution of idiopathic syringomyelia: MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;16:323–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 70  Krishna V, McLawhorn M, Kosnik‐Infinger L, et al. High long‐term symptomatic recurrence rates after Chiari‐1 decompression without dural opening: A single center experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014;118:53–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 71  Williams B. Progress in syringomyelia. Neurol Res 1986;8(3):130–45. Pubmed link
  • 72  Sudo K, Fujiki N, Tsuji S, et al. Focal (segmental) dyshidrosis in syringomyelia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:106–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 73  Wolf M, Fürstenberg CH, Hähnel S, et al. Spinal cord injury and syringomyelia (Rückenmarktrauma und Syringomyelie). Radiologe 2013 Apr;53(4):353–66. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 74  Haroun RI, Guarnieri M, Meadow JJ, Kraut M, Carson BS. Current opinions for the treatment of syringomyelia and Chiari malformations: survey of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Pediatr Neurosurg 2000 Dec;33(6):311–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Spinal dysraphism

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  • 76  Lichtenstein BW. Spinal dysraphism. Spina bifida and myelodysplasia. Arch Neurosurg Psychiatry 1940;44:792–809. Cross Ref link
  • 77  Lee B, Jeelani Y, McComb JG. Congenital dermal sinus with an infected dermoid cyst in the cervico‐thoracic spinal cord. Pediatr Neurosurg 2013;49(2):89–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 78  Lee B‐J, Sohn M‐J, Han S‐R, et al. Analysis of risk factors and management of cerebrospinal fluid morbidity in the treatment of spinal dysraphism. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2013 Sep;54(3):225–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 81  Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural‐tube defects by pericontraceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1832–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 82  Tavafoghi V, Ghandchi A, Hambrick GW, et al. Cutaneous signs of spinal dysraphism. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:573–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 83  Schenk JP, Herweh C, Günther P, et al. Imaging of congenital anomalies and variations of the caudal spine and back in neonates and small infants. Eur J Radiol 2006;58:3–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 84  Guggisberg D, Hadj‐Rabia S, Viney C, et al. Skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism in children. Arch Dermatol 2004;140(9):1109–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 85  McGovern M, Mulligan S, Carney O, et al. Ultrasound investigation of sacral dimples and other stigmata of spinal dysraphism. Arch Dis Child 2013;98(10):784–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 86  Pierre‐Kahn A, Zerah M, Renier D, et al. Congenital lumbosacral lipomas. Child Nerv Syst 1997;13:298–334. Cross Ref link
  • 87  Boyvat A, Yazar T, Ekmekci P, Gurgey E. Lumbosacral vascular malformation: a hallmark for occult spinal dysraphism. Dermatology 2000;201:374–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 88  Tubbs RS, Wellons JC, Iskandar BJ, Oakes WJ. Isolated flat capillary midline lumbosacral hemangiomas as indicators of occult spinal dysraphism. J Neurosurg 2004;100(Suppl. Pediatrics 2):86–9. Pubmed link
  • 89  Najjar MW, Kusske JA, Hasso AN. Dorsal intramedullary dermoids. Neurosurg Rev 2005;28:320–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 90  Madden‐Fuentes RJ, McNamara ER, Lloyd JC, et al. Variation in definitions of urinary tract infections in spina bifida patients: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2013 Jul;132(1):132–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 91  Mertes PM, Mouton C, Fremont S, et al. Latex hypersensitivity in spinal cord injured adult patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001;29:393–9. Pubmed link
  • 92  Bernardini R, Novembre E, Lombardi E, et al. Risk factors for latex allergy in patients with spina bifida and latex sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:681–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 93  Hamrick SE. Cesarean delivery and its impact on the anomalous infant. Clin Perinatol 2008;35:395–406. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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  • 95  Foster RD, Williams ML, Barovich AJ, et al. Giant congenital melanocytic naevi: the significance of neurocutaneous melanosis in neurologically asymptomatic children. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;107:933–41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 96  Dawson HA, Atherton DJ, Mayou B. A prospective study of congenital melanocytic naevi: progress report and evaluation after 6 years. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:617–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 97  Tortori‐Donati P, Rossi A, Brancheri R, Cama A. Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal dysraphism. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2001;12:375–409. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 98  Adzick NS. Fetal surgery for spina bifida: past, present, future. Semin Pediatr Surg 2013;22(1):10–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Dermatoses associated with spinal cord injury

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  • 101  Wilson CL, Walshe M. Incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis in spinal injury patients. Br J Dermatol 1988;119(S33):48. Cross Ref link
  • 102  Thomas SE, Conway J, Ebling FJG, et al. Measurement of sebum excretion rate and skin temperature above and below the neurological lesion in paraplegic patients. Br J Dermatol 1985;112:569–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 103  Sato K, Kang WH, Saga K, Sato KT. Biology of sweat glands and their disorders II: Disorders of sweat gland function. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20(5):713–26. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 104  Stanworth PA. The significance of hyperhidrosis in patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia. Paraplegia 1982;20:282–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies

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  • 110  Berginer V, Baruchin A, Ben‐Yakar Y, Mahler D. Plantar ulcers in hereditary sensory neuropathy: a plea for conservative treatment. Int J Dermatol 1984;23: 664–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 111  Bockers M, Benes P, Bork K. Persistent skin ulcers, mutilations and acro‐osteolysis in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with phospholipid excretion. Report of a family. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:736–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 112  Heckmann JM, Carr JA, Bell N. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with cataracts, mental retardation and skin lesions: five cases. Neurology 1995;45:1405–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 113  Ferrière G, Guzzetta F, Kulakowski S, et al. Nonprogressive type II hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy: a homogeneous clinicopathologic entity. J Child Neurol 1992;7:364–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 114  Axelrod FB, Iver K, Fish I, et al. Progressive density loss in dysautonomia. Pediatrics 1981;67:517–22. Pubmed link
  • 115  Brunt PW, McKusick VA. Familial dysautonomia: a report of genetic and clinical studies with a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1970;49:343–74. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 116  Mahloudji M, Brunt PW, McKusick VA. Clinical neurological aspects of familial dysautonomia. J Neurol Sci 1970;11:383–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 117  Eng CM, Slaugenhaupt SA, Blumenfeld A, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of familial dysautonomia by analysis of linked CA‐repeat polymorphisms on chromosome 9q31‐q33. J Med Genet 1995;59:349–55.
  • 118  Axelrod FB, Abularrage JJ. Familial dysautonomia: a prospective study of survival. J Pediatr 1982;101:234–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 119  Meridy HW, Creighton RE. General anaesthesia in eight patients with familial dysautonomia. Can Anaesth Soc J 1971;18:563–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 120  Rosemberg S, Marie SKN, Kliemann S. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV). Pediatr Neurol 1994;11:50–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 121  Indo Y. Genetics of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV. Clinical, biological and molecular aspects of mutations in TRKA (NTRK1) gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor. Clin Auton Res 2002;12 (Suppl.1):120–32. Cross Ref link
  • 122  Verzé L, Viglietti‐Panzica C, Plumari L, et al. Cutaneous innervation in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV. Neurology 2000;55:126–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 123  Shorer Z, Moses SW, Hershkovitz E, et al. Neurophysiological studies in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Pediatr Neurol 2001;25:397–400. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 124  Nolano M, Crisci C, Santoro L, et al. Absent innervation of skin and sweat glands in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111:1596–601. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 125  Schulman H, Tsodikow V, Einhorn M, et al. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA): the spectrum of radiological findings. Pediatr Radiol 2001;31:701–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Sympathetic nerve injury

  • 126  Brown GE, Adson AW. Physiologic effects of thoracic and of lumbar sympathetic ganglionectomy or section of the trunk. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1929;22:322–57. Cross Ref link
  • 127  Ravits JM. Autonomic nervous system testing. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:919–37. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Complex regional pain syndrome

  • 128  Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ. Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 1993;342(8878):1012–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 129  de Mos M, de Bruijn AG, Huygen FJ, et al. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population‐based study. Pain 2007;129(1–2):12–20. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 130  Beerthuizen A, Stronks DL, Huygen FJ, et al. The association between psychological factors and the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) – a prospective multicenter study. Eur J Pain 2011;15(9):971–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 131  Phelps RG, Wilentz S. Review. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:481–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
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Horner syndrome

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  • 137  Chowdhury MM, Hedges R, Lanigan SW. Unilateral resolution of palmar eczema and hyperhidrosis complicated by Horner's syndrome following ipsilateral endoscopic cervical sympathectomy. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:653–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 138  Chowdhury MM, Hedges R, Lanigan SW. Intact nerve supply for eczema. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:1270–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 139  Möller H. Intact nerve supply for eczema. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:1270. Pubmed link
  • 140  Salvesen R. Innervation of sweat glands in the forehead. A study in patients with Horner's syndrome. Neurol Sci 2001;183:39–42. Cross Ref link
  • 141  Sjaastad O, Elsäs T, Shen JM, et al. Raeder's syndrome: anhidrosis, headache and a proposal for a new classification. Funct Neurol 1994;9:215–34. Pubmed link
  • 142  Allen G, Samson B. Contralateral Horner's syndrome following stellate ganglion block. Can Anesth Soc J 1986;3:112–13.
  • 143  Manchikanti L. Bilateral Horner's syndrome following stellate ganglion block. Anesth Rev 1990;17:41–3.
  • 144  Wallace MS, Milholland AV. Contralateral spread of local anesthetics with stellate ganglion block. Reg Anesth 1993;18:55–9. Pubmed link
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  • 146  Van der Wiel HL, Van Gijn J. Localization of Horner's syndrome. Use and limitations of the hydroxyamphetamine test. J Neurol Sci 1983 May;59(2):229–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Gustatory hyperhidrosis

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  • 148  Murray JG, Thompson JW. The occurrence and function of collateral sprouting in the sympathetic nervous system of the cat. J Physiol 1957;135:133–62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 149  Bloor K. Post‐parotidectomy gustatory sweating. BMJ 1958; ii:1295. Cross Ref link
  • 150  Cartier B, Cartier P. Thoracoscopic cervicodorsal sympathectomy with diathermy. Ann Vasc Surg 1999;13:582–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 151  Collin J. Compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy. Lancet 1998;351:1136. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 152  Moya J, Ramos R, Morera R, et al. Thoracic sympathicolysis for primary hyperhidrosis. A review of 918 procedures. Surg Endosc 2006;20:598–602. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 153  Rustemeyer J, Eufinger H, Bremerich A. The incidence of Frey's syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008;36:34–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 154  Mellor TK, Shaw RJ. Frey's syndrome following fracture of the mandibular condyle: Case report and literature review. Injury 1996;27:359–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 155  Choi HG, Kwon SY, Won JY, et al. Comparisons of three indicators for Frey's syndrome: Subjective symptoms, minor's starch iodine test, and infrared thermography. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2013;6(4):249–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 156  Green RJ, Endersby S, Allen J, Adams J. Role of medical thermography in treatment of Frey's syndrome with botulinum toxin A. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;52(1):90–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 157  Naumann M. Evidence‐based medicine: botulinum toxin in focal hyperhidrosis. J Neurol 2001;248:31–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 158  Urman JD, Bobrove AM. Diabetic gustatory sweating successfully treated with topical glycopyrrolate: report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:877–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Restless legs syndrome/burning feet syndrome

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  • 160  Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, et al. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1286–92. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 161  Polydefkis M, Allen RP, Hauer P, et al. Subclinical sensory neuropathy in late‐onset restless legs syndrome. Neurology 2000;55:1115–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 162  Thorp ML, Morris CD, Bagby SP. A crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among haemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:104–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 163  Desautels A, Turecki G, Montplaisir J, et al. Identification of a major susceptibility locus for restless legs syndrome on chromosome 12q. Am J Hum Genet 2001;69:1266–70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 164  Stögbauer F, Young P, Kuhlenbäumer G, et al. Autosomal dominant burning feet syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67(1):78–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 165  Kuhlenbaumer G, Young P, Kiefer R, et al. A second family with autosomal dominant burning feet syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999;883: 445–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 166  Allen RP, Earley CJ. Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiological features. J Clin Neurophysiol 2001;18:128–47. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 167  Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 2003 Mar;4(2):101–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 168  Chokroverty S. Therapeutic dilemma for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 2014;370:7. Cross Ref link
  • 169  Scholz H, Trenkwalder C, Kohnen R, et al. Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 (last accessed June 2015). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005504.pub2/abstract
  • 170  Garcia‐Borreguero D, Larrosa O, de la Llave Y, et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome with gabapentin: a double‐blind cross‐over study. Neurology 2002;59:1573–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link