Pseudolymphoma

  • 1  Ploysangam T, Breneman DL, Mutasim DF. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:877–905. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 2  Halevy S, Sandbank M. Transformation of lymphocytoma cutis into malignant lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1987;67:172–5.
  • 3  Nakayama H, Mihara M, Shimao S. Malignant transformation of lymphadenosis benigna cutis. J Dermatol 1987;14:266–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 4  Kluger N, Vermeulen C, Moguelet P, et al. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) in tattoos: a case series of seven patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:208–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 5  Rijlaarsdam J, Bruynzeel D, Vos W, et al. Immunohistochemical studies of lymphadenosis benigna cutis occurring in a tattoo. Am J Dermatopathol 1998;10:518–23. Cross Ref link
  • 6  Maubec E, Pinquier L, Viguier M, et al. Vaccination‐induced cutaneous pseudolymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:623–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 7  Kim K, Lee M, Choi J, et al. CD30‐positive T‐cell rich pseudolymphoma induced by gold acupuncture. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:882–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 8  Furness PN, Goodfield MJ, Maclennan KA, et al. Severe cutaneous reactions to captopril and enalapril. J Clin Pathol 1986;39:902–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 9  Henderson CA, Shamy HK. Atenolol induced pseudolymphoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990;115:119–20. Cross Ref link
  • 10  Kaurdan SH, Scheffer E, Vermeer BJ. Drug‐induced pseudolymphomatous reactions. Br J Dermatol 1988;188:545–52. Cross Ref link
  • 11  Souteyrand P, Duncan M. Drug‐induced mycosis fungoides‐like lesions. Curr Prob Dermatol 1990;19:176–82. Cross Ref link
  • 12  Nathan DL, Belsito DV. Carbamazepine induced pseudolymphoma with CD30 positive cells. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:806–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 13  Ecker RI, Winkelmann RD. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7:84–93. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 14  Martinez‐Moran C, Sanz Munoz C, Morales‐Callaghan AM, et al. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2009;60:53–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 15  Kawada A, Mori S, Hayashi T. Lymphadenosis benigna cutis: pseudomalignant form and its imprint smear cytology. Dermatologica 1970;141:339–47. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 16  Geerts ML, Kaiserling E. A morphologic study of lymphadenosis benigna cutis. Dermatologica 1985;170:121–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 17  Shelley WB, Wood MG, Wilson JF, et al. Premalignant lymphoid hyperplasia. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:500–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 18  Evans HL, Winkelmann RK, Banks PM. Differential diagnosis of malignant and benign cutaneous infiltrates. Cancer 1979;44:699–717. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 19  Burg G, Braun‐Falco O, Schmoeckel C. Differentiation between pseudolymphomas and malignant B‐cell lymphomas of the skin. In: Goos M, Christophers E, eds. Lymphoproliferative Diseases of the Skin. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1982:101–34. Cross Ref link
  • 20  Van der Putte SCJ, Toonstra J, Felten PC, van Vloten WA. Solitary nonepidermotropic T‐cell pseudolymphoma of the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:444–53. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 21  Bernstein H, Shupack J, Ackerman AB. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma resulting from antigen injections. Arch Dermatol 1974;110:756–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 22  Chimenti S, Cerroni L, Zenahlik P, et al. The role of MT2 and anti bcl‐2 protein antibodies in the differentiation of benign from malignant cutaneous infiltrates of B lymphocytes with germinal centre formation. J Cutan Pathol 1996;23:319–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 23  Wood G, Ngan B, Tung R, et al. Clonal arrangements of immunoglobulin genes and progression to B‐cell lymphoma in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Am J Pathol 1989;35:969–78.
  • 24  Bignon YJ, Souteyrand P. Genotyping of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. Curr Probl Dermatol 1990;19:114–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 25  Zelickson BD, Peters MS, Muller SA, et al. T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:787–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 26  Weinberg J, Rook A, Lessin S. Molecular diagnosis of lymphocytic infiltrates of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1993;129:1491–500. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 27  Wood GS. Analysis of clonality in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and associated diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;941:26–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 28  Walton S, Bottomley WW, Wyatt EH, Bury HPR. Pseudo T‐cell lymphoma due to scabies in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Br J Dermatol 1991;124:277–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 29  Castelli E, Caputo V, Morello V, Tomasino RM. Local reactions to tick bites. Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30:241–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 30  Hermes B, Haas N, Grabbe J, Cznarnetzki B. Foreign body granuloma and IgE‐pseudolymphoma after multiple bee stings. Br J Dermatol 1994;130:780–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 31  Garbe C, Stein H, Dienemann D, Orfanos C. Borrelia burdorferi‐associated cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:584–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 32  Colli C, Leinweber B, Mulleegger R, Chott A, Kerl H, Cerroni L. Borrelia burgdorfori‐associated lymphocytoma cutis: clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular study of 106 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2004;31:232–40. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 33  Recalcati S, Vezzoli P, Girgenti V, Venegoni L, Veraldi S, Berti E. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia associated with Leishmania panamensis infection. Acta Derm Venereol 2010;90:418–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 34  Moreno‐Ramírez D, García‐Escudero A, Ríos‐Martín JJ, Herrera‐Saval A, Camacho F. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma in association with molluscum contagiosum in an elderly patient. J Cutan Pathol 2003;30:473–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 35  Roo E, Villegas C, Lopez‐Bran E, et al. Postzoster cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Arch Dermatol 1994;130:661–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 36  Requena L, Kutzner H, Escalonilla P, Ortiz S, Schaller J, Rohwedder A. Cutaneous reactions at sites of herpes zoster scars: an expanded spectrum. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:161–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 37  Rijlaarsdam JU, Scheffer E, Meier CJLM, Willemze R. Cutaneous pseudo T‐cell lymphomas. Cancer 1992;69:717–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 38  Beltraminelli H, Leinweber B, Kerl H, Cerroni L. Primary cutaneous CD4+ small‐/medium‐sized pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma: a cutaneous nodular proliferation of pleomorphic T lymphocytes of undetermined significance? A study of 136 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2009;31:317–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 39  Ally MS, Prasad Hunasehally RY, Rodriguez‐Justo M, et al. Evaluation of follicular T‐helper cells in primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma and dermatitis. J Cutan Pathol 2013;40:1006–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 40  Hammer E, Sangueza O, Suwanjindar P, White CR, Braziel RM. Immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:426‐433. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Pityriasis lichenoides

  • 41  Tsuji T, Kasamatsu M, Yokota M, et al. Mucha–Habermann disease and its febrile ulceronecrotic variant. Cutis 1996;58:123–31. Pubmed link
  • 42  Degos R, Duperrat B, Daniel F. Le parapsoriasis ulcero‐necrotique hyperthermique. Ann Dermatol Syphiligr 1966;93:481–96.
  • 43  Bowers S, Warshaw EM. Pityriasis lichenoides and its subtypes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:557–72. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 44  Khachemoune A, Blyumin ML. Pityriasis lichenoides. Pathophysiology, classification, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007;8:29–36. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 45  Patel DG, Kihiczak G, Schwartz RA, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides. Cutis 2000;65:17–23. Pubmed link
  • 46  Ersoy‐Evans S, Greco F, Mancini AJ, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides in childhood. A retrospective review of 124 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:205–10. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 47  Longley J, Demar L, Feinstein RP, et al. Clinical and histological features of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in children. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1335–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 48  Shieh S, Mikkola DL, Wood GS. Differentiation and clonality of lesional lymphocytes in pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:305–8. Pubmed link
  • 49  Magro C, Crowson A, Morrison C, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica: stratification by molecular and phenotypic profile. Hum Pathol 2007;38:479–90. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 50  Dereure O, Levi E, Kadin ME. T‐cell clonality in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a heteroduplex analysis of 20 cases. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1483–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 51  Weinberg JM, Kristal L, Chooback L, et al. The clonal nature of pityriasis lichenoides. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:1063–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 52  Helmbold P, Gaisbauer G, Fielder E, et al. Self‐limited variant of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann disease with polyclonal T‐cell receptor rearrangement. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:1113–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 53  Cozzio A, Hafner J, Kempf W, et al. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease with clonality: a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma entity? J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:1014–17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 54  Kempf W, Kutzner H, Kettelhack N, et al. Paraneoplastic pityriasis lichenoides in cutaneous lymphoma: case report and review of the literature on paraneoplastic reactions of the skin in lymphoma and leukaemia. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:1327–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 55  Benmaman O, Sanchez JL. Comparative clinicopathological study on pityriasis lichenoides chronica and small plaque parapsoriasis. Am J Dermatopathol 1988;10:189–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 56  Sarantopoulos GP, Palla B, Said J, et al. Mimics of cutaneous lymphoma. Report of the 2011 Society for Haematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2013;139:536–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 57  Jang KA, Choi JC, Choi JH. Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen and TIA‐1 by lymphocytes in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and lymphomatoid papulosis: immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Pathol 2001;28:453–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 58  Dupont C. Pityriasis lichenoides in a family. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:388–9.
  • 59  Rongioletti F, Delmonte S, Rebora A. Pityriasis lichenoides and acquired toxoplasmosis. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:372–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 60  Nassef NE, Hammam MA. The relation between toxoplasmosis and pityriasis lichenoides chronica. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1997;27(1):93–9. Pubmed link
  • 61  Tsai KS, Hsieh HJ, Chow KC, et al. Detection of cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann's disease. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:694–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 62  Nanda A, Alshalfan F, Al‐Otaibi M, Al‐Sabah H, Rajy JM. Febrile ulcernecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta fulminans) associated with parvovirus infection. Am J Dermatopathol 2013;35:503–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 63  Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Palmedo G, Fraitag S, Schaerer L, Kutzner H. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta with numerous CD30 (+) cells: a variant mimicking lymphomatoid papulosis and other cutaneous lymphomas. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological study of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2012;36:1021–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 64  Labarthe MP, Salomon D, Saurat JH. Ulcers of the tongue, pityriasis lichenoides and primary parvovirus B19 infection. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1996;123:735–8. Pubmed link
  • 65  Auster BI, Santa Cruz DJ, Eisen AZ. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann's disease with interstitial pneumonitis. J Cutan Pathol 1979;6:66–76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 66  Klein PA, Jones EC, Nelson JL, Clark RA. Infectious causes of pityriasis lichenoides: a case of fulminant infectious mononucleosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:S151–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 67  Edwards BL, Bonagura VR, Valacer DJ, et al. Mucha–Habermann's disease and arthritis: possible association with reactivated Epstein–Barr virus infection. J Rheumatol 1989;16:387–9. Pubmed link
  • 68  Smith JJ, Oliver GF. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease associated with herpes simplex virus type 2. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60(1):149–52. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 69  Cho E, Jun HJ, Cho SH, Lee JD. Varicella‐zoster virus as a possible cause of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Pediatr Dermatol 2014;31:259–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 70  Hervas JA, Martin‐Santiago A, Hervas D, Gomez C, Duenas J, Reina J. Varicella precipitating febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease. Pediatr Dermatol 2013;30:216‐17. Cross Ref link
  • 71  Smith KJ, Nelson A, Skelton H, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in HIV‐1+ patients: a marker of early stage disease. Int J Dermatol 1997;36:104–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 72  Gunatheesan S, Ferguson J, Moosa Y. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: a rare association with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Australas J Dermatol 2012;53:76–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 73  Zhang LX, Liang Y, Liu Y, Ma L. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann's disease with pulmonary involvement. Pediatr Dermatol 2010;27:290–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 74  English JC, Collins M, Bryant‐Bruce C. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and group A β‐hemolytic streptococcal infection. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:642–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 75  Tomasini D, Tomasini CF, Cerri A, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides: a cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated skin disorder. Evidence of human parvovirus B19 DNA in nine cases. J Cutan Pathol 2004;31:531–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 76  Takahashi K, Atsumi M. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica resolving after tonsillectomy. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:353–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 77  Romani J, Puig L, Fernandez‐Figueras MT, de Moragas JM. Pityriasis lichenoides in children: clinicopathologic review of 22 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 1998;15:1–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 78  Hapa A, Ersoy‐Evans S, Karaduman A. Childhood pityriasis lichenoides and oral erythromycin. Pediatr Dermatol 2012;29:719–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 79  Piamphongsant T. Tetracycline for the treatment of pityriasis lichenoides. Br J Dermatol 1974;911:319–22. Cross Ref link
  • 80  Zechini B, Teggi A, Antonelli M, et al. A case report of pityriasis lichenoides in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J Infect 2005;51:e23–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 81  Kim JE, Yun WJ, Mun SK, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional T‐cell subsets and investigation of viral associations. J Cutan Pathol 2011;38:649–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 82  Gelmetti C, Rigioni C, Alessi E, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides in children: a long‐term follow‐up of 89 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:473–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 83  Brazzini B, Ghersetich I, Urso C, et al. Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta during pregnancy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:458–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 84  Puddu P, Cianchini G, Colonna L, et al. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann's disease with fatal outcome. Int J Dermatol 1997;36:691–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 85  De Cuyper C, Hindryckx P, Deroo N. Febrile ulceronecrotic pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Dermatology 1994;189(Suppl. 2):50–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 86  Kossard S. Acral pityriasis lichenoides. Australas J Dermatol 2002;43:68–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 87  Chung HG, Kim SC. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica with acral distribution mimicking palmoplantar syphilid. Acta Derm Venereol 1999;79:239. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 88  Halbesleben JJ, Swick BL. Localized acral pityriasis lichenoides chronica: report of a case. J Dermatol 2011;38:832–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 89  Cliff S, Cook MG, Ostlere LS, Mortimer PS. Segmental pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21:464–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 90  Wahie S, Hiscutt E, Natarajan S, Taylor A. Pityriasis lichenoides: the differences between children and adults. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:941–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 91  Simon D, Boudny C, Nievergelt H, Simon H‐U, Braathen LR. Successful treatment of pityriasis lichenoides with topical tacrolimus. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:1033–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 92  Mallipeddi R, Evans AV. Refractory pityriasis lichenoides chronica successfully treated with topical tacrolimus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003;28:456–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 93  Pavlotsky F, Baum S, Barzilai A, Shpiro D, Trau H. UVB therapy of pityriasis lichenoides – our experience with 29 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20(5):542–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 94  Aydogan K, Saricaoglu H, Turan H. Narrowband UVB (311 nm, TL01) phototherapy for pityriasis lichenoides. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2008;24(3):128–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 95  Farnaghi F, Serafi H, Ehsani AH, Agdari ME, Noormohammadpour P. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of narrow band UVB vs PUVA in patients with pityriasis lichenoides. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011;25:913–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 96  Pinton PC, Capazzera R, Zane C, De Panfilis G. Medium‐dose ultraviolet A1 therapy for pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:410–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 97  Powell FC, Muller SA. Psoralens and ultraviolet A therapy of pityriasis lichenoides. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;10:59–64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 98  Panse I, Bourrat E, Rybojad M, Morel P. Photochemotherpay for pityriasis lichenoides; 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2004;131:201–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 99  Piamphongsant T. Tetracycline for the treatment of pityriasis lichenoides. Br J Dermatol 1974;911:319–22. Cross Ref link
  • 100  Lynch PJ, Saied NK. Methotrexate treatment of pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. Cutis 1979;23:634–6. Pubmed link
  • 101  Marenco F, Fava P, Fierro MT, Quaglino P, Bernengo MG. High‐dose immunoglobulins and extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease. Dermatol Ther 2010;23:419–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 102  Tsianakas A, Hoeger PH. Transition of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis to febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease is associated with elevated serum tumour necrosis factor‐alpha. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:794–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 103  Nikkels AF, Gillard P, Pierard GE. Etanercept in therapy multiresistant overlapping pityriasis lichenoides. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7:990–2. Pubmed link
  • 104  Meziane L, Caudron A, Dhaille F, et al. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease: treatment with infliximab and intravenous immunoglobulins and review of the literature. Dermatology 2012;225:344–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 105  Lopez‐Ferrer A, Puig L, Moreno G, Camps‐Fresneda A, Palou J, Alomar A. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica induced by infliximab, with response to methotrexate. Eur J Dermatol 2010;20:511–12. Pubmed link
  • 106  Newell EL, Jain S, Stephens C, Martland G. Infliximab‐induced pityriasis lichenoides chronica in a patient with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009;23:230–1. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 107  Said BB, Kanitakis J, Graber I, Nicolas JF, Saurin JC, Berard F. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica induced by adalimumab therapy for Crohn's disease: report of 2 cases successfully treated with methotrexate. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16:912–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Parapsoriasis

  • 108  Ackerman AB, Schiff TA. If small plaque parapsoriasis is a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, even an abortive one, it must be mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:562–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 109  Vakeva L, Sama S, Vaalati A, Pukkala E, Kariniemi AL, Ranki A. A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;85:318–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 110  Klemke CD, Dippel E, Dembinski A, et al. Clonal T cell receptor gamma‐chain rearrangement by PCR‐based GeneScan analysis in the skin and blood of patients with parapsoriasis and early‐stage mycosis fungoides. J Pathol 2002;197:348–54. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 111  Burg G, Dummer R. Small plaque parapsoriasis is an abortive cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, and is not mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:336–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 112  Haeffner AC, Smoller BR, Zepter K, Wood GS. Differentiation and clonality of lesional lymphocytes in small plaque parapsoriasis. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:321–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 113  Muche JM, Lukowsky A, Heim J, Friedrich M, Audring H, Sterry W. Demonstration of frequent occurrence of clonal T cells in the peripheral blood but not in the skin of patients with small plaque parapsoriasis. Blood 1999; 94:1409–17. Pubmed link
  • 114  Posnett DN, Sinha R, Kabak S, Russo C. Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: the T cell equivalent to “benign monoclonal gammapathy”. J Exp Med 1994;179:609–18. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 115  Delfau‐Larue MH, Laroche L, Wechsler J, et al. Diagnostic value of dominant T‐cell clones in peripheral blood in 363 patients presenting consecutively with a clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. Blood 2000; 96:2987–92. Pubmed link
  • 116  Belousova IE, Vanecek T Samtsov AV, Michal M, Kasakov DV. A patient with clinicopathological features of small plaque parapsoriasis presenting later with plaque‐stage mycosis fungoides: report of a case and comparative retrospective study of 27 cases of ‘nonprogrssive’ small plaque parapsoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:474–82. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 117  Powell FC, Spiegel GT, Muller SA. Treatment of parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides: the role of psoralen and long‐wave ultraviolet light A (PUVA). Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59: 538–46. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 118  Hofer A, Cerroni L, Kerl H, Wolf P. Narrow‐band UVB therapy for small plaque parapsoriasis and early stage mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:1377–80. Pubmed link
  • 119  Herzinger T, Degitz K, Plwig G, Rocken M. Treatment of small plaque parapsoriasis with narrow‐band (311 mm) ultraviolet B: a retrospective study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:379–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 120  Aydogan K, Karadogan SK, Tunali S, Adim SB, Ozcelik T. Narrowband UVB phototherapy for small plaque parapsoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:573–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 121  Lindahl LM, Fenger‐Gron M, Iversen L. Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides or parapsoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27:163–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 122  Vakeva L, Sama S, Vaalati A, Pukkala E, Kariniemi AL, Ranki A. A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;85:318–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 123  Kempf W, Dummer R, Burg G. Approach to lymphoproliferative conditions of the skin. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111(Suppl. 1):S84–93. Pubmed link
  • 124  Liu V, McKee PH. Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. Adv Anat Pathol 2002;9:79–100. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 125  Simon M, Flaig MJ, Kind P, et al. Large plaque parapsoriasis: clinical and genotypic considerations. J Cutan Pathol 2000;27:57–60. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 126  Lambert WC, Everett MA. The nosology of parapsoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:373–95. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 127  Rosenbaum MM, Roenigk HH, Jr, Caro WA, Esker A. Photochemotherapy in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and parapsoriasis en plaque. Long term follow‐up in forty‐three patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:613–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 128  Arai R, Horiguchi Y. Retrospective study of 24 patients with large or small plaque parapsoriasis treated with ultraviolet B therapy. J Dermatol 2012;39:674–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 129  Lindahl LM, Fenger‐Gron M, Iversen L. Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides or parapsoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013;27:163–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 130  Gebert S, Raulin C, Ockenfels HM, Gundogan C, Greve B. Excimer‐laser (308 nm) treatment of large plaque parapsoriasis and long‐term follow‐up. Eur J Dermatol 2006;16:198–9. Pubmed link

Lymphocytoma cutis

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  • 133  Baldassano MF, Bailey EM, Ferry JA, Harris NL, Duncan LM. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: comparison of morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:88–96. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 134  Sarantopoulos GP, Palla B, Said J, et al. Mimics of cutaneous lymphoma. Report of the 2011 Society for Haematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2013;139:536–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 135  Arai E, Shimizu M, Hirose T. A review of 55 cases of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: reassessment of the histopathologic findings leading to reclassification of 4 lesions as cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and 19 as pseudolymphomatous folliculitis. Hum Pathol 2005;36:505–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 136  Bergman R, Khamaysi K, Khamaysi Z, Ben Arie Y. A study of histologic and immunophenotypical staining patterns in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:112–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 137  Flaig MJ, Rupec RA. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma in association with Leishmania donovani. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:1042–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 138  Moreira E, Lisboa C, Azevedo F, et al. Postzoster cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a patient with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:1112–14. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 139  Cerroni L, Borroni RG, Massone C, Chott A, Kerl H. Cutaneous B‐cell pseudolymphoma at the site of vaccination. Am J Dermatopathol 2007;29:538–42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 140  Lanzafame S, Micali G. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) secondary to vaccination. Pathologica 1993;85:555–61. Pubmed link
  • 141  Watanabe R, Nanko H, Fukuda S. Lymphocytoma cutis to pierced earrings. J Cutan Pathol 2006;33(Suppl. 2):16–19. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 142  Choi Y, Kim S‐C. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by Hirudo medicinalis therapy. J Dermatol 2012;39:195–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 143  Frain‐Bell W, Magnus IA. A study of the photosensitivity factor in cutaneous lymphocytoma. Br J Dermatol 1971;84:25–31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 144  Bafverstedt B. Unusual forms of lymphadenosis benigna cutis (LABC). Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1962;42:3–10.
  • 145  Moulonguet I, Ghnassia M, Molina T, Fraitag S. Miliarial‐type perifollicular B‐cell pseudolymphoma (lymphocytoma cutis): a misleading eruption in two women. J Cutan Pathol 2012;39:1016–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 146  Pham‐Ledard A, Vergier B, Doutre MS, Beylot‐Barry M. Disseminated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia of 12 years' duration triggered by vaccination. Dermatology 2010;220:176–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 147  Wood GS, Ngan BY, Tung R, Hoffman TE, Abel EA, Hoppe RT. Clonal rearrangements and progression to B cell lymphoma in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Am J Pathol 1989;135:13–19. Pubmed link
  • 148  Hammer E, Sangueza O, Suwanjindar P, White CR, Braziel R. Immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:426–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 149  Stoll DM. Treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma with hydroxychloroquine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:696–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 150  Olson LE, Wilson JF, Cox JD. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: results of radiation therapy. Radiology 1985;155:507–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 151  Aydogan K, Karadogan SK, Adim SB, Tunali S. Borrelial lymphocytoma cutis successfully treated with intralesional interferon‐alpha‐2A. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:1030–2. Pubmed link
  • 152  Tomar S, Stoll HL, Grassi MA, Cheney R. Treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma with interferon alfa‐2b. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:172–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 153  Martin SJ, Duvic M. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with the monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2011;11:286–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 154  El‐Dars LD, Statham BN, Blackford S, Williams N. Lymphocytoma cutis treated with topical tacrolimus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005;30:305–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 155  Takeda H, Kaneko T, Harada K, Matsuzaki Y, Nakano H, Hanada K. Successful treatment of lymphadenosis benigna cutis with topical photodynamic therapy with delta‐aminolevulinic acid. Dermatology 2005;211:264–6. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 156  Mikasa K, Watanabe D, Kondo C, Tamada Y, Matsumoto Y. Topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a patient with cutaneous pseudolymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:911–12. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 157  O'Neill J, Fien S, Zeitouni NC. ALA‐PDT for the treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma: a case report. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:688–9. Pubmed link
  • 158  Hervonene K, Lehtinen T, Vaalasti A. Spiegler‐Fendt type lymphocytoma cutis: a case report of two patients successfully treated with interferon alpha‐2b. Acta Derm Venereol 1999;79:241–2. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 159  Singletary HL, Selim MA, Olsen E. Subcutaneous interferon alfa for the treatment of cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:572–4. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 160  Benchikhi H, Bodemer C, Fraitag S, et al. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with thalidomide: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:1005–7. Cross Ref link Pubmed link

Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate

  • 161  Jessner M, Kanof NB. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1953;68:447–9. Cross Ref link
  • 162  Toonstra J, Wildschut A, Boer J, et al. Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin: a clinical study of 100 patients. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:1525–30. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 163  Lipsker D, Mitschler A, Grosshans E, Cribier B. Could Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin be a dermal variant of lupus erythematosus? An analysis of 210 cases. Dermatology 2006;213:15–22. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 164  Rémy‐Leroux V, Léonard F, Lambert D, et al. Comparison of histopathologic‐clinical characteristics of Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and lupus erythematosus tumidus: multicenter study of 46 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:217–23. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 165  Higgins CR, Wakeel RA, Cerio R. Childhood Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:99–101. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 166  Dippel E, Poenitz N, Klemke CD, Orfanos CE, Goerdt S. Familial lymphocytic infiltration of the skin: histochemical and molecular analysis in three brothers. Dermatology 2002;204:12–16. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 167  O'Toole EA, Powell F, Barnes L. Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate and probable discoid lupus erythematosus occurring separately in two sisters. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:90–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 168  Calnan CD. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner): cutaneous Hodgkin's disease. Br J Dermatol 1957;69:169–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 169  Willemze R, Dijkstra A, Meijer CJ. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner): a T‐cell lymphoproliferative disease. Br J Dermatol 1984;110(5):523–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 170  Rijlaarsdam JU, Nieboer C, de Vries E, Willemze R. Characterization of the dermal infiltrates in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin, polymorphous light eruption and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: differential diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects. J Cutan Pathol 1990;17:2–8. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 171  Laurinaviciene R, Clemmensen O, Bygum A. Successful treatment of Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin with methotrexate. Acta Derm Venereol 2009;89:542–3. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 172  Morgan J, Adams J. Satisfactory resolution of Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin following treatment with etretinate. Br J Dermatol 1990;122:570. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 173  Farrell AM, McGregor JM, Staughton RC, Bunker CB. Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate treated with auranofin. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:500. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 174  Guillaume JC, Moulin G, Dieng, MT, et al. Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1032–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link
  • 175  Borges da Costa J, Boixeda P, Moreno C. Pulsed‐dye laser treatment of Jessner lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009;23:595–6. Cross Ref link
  • 176  Park KY, Kim HK, Li K, et al. Photodynamic therapy: new treatment for refractory lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012;3:235–7. Cross Ref link